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Meta-Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks for Radiological Images
Dr. Nancy Agens, Head,
Technical Operations, Pubrica
sales@pubrica.com
In-Brief
Deep Learning is an inevitable branch of
Artificial Intelligence technology. In
which, Convolutional Neural Network is
a modern approach to visualize the
images with high performance. These
networks help for high performance in
the recognition and categorization of
images. It has found applications in the
modern science sectors such as
Healthcare, Bioinformatics,
Pharmaceuticals, etc. for Meta-analysis
Writing Services.
Keywords:
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analysis experts, writing a meta-analysis
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Meta-analysis Writing Services
I. INTRODUCTION
The growth of massive datasets
creates a need for more advanced tools for
analysis. CNN is such a tool that is mainly
for analyzing the images. Currently, in
healthcare and clinical management, it is
used for diabetic retinopathy screening,
skin lesion classification, and lymph node
metastasis detection for meta-analysis
research. Radiology is a scientific front
used in the healthcare sector for
diagnosing various types of diseases via
different imaging techniques like
ultrasound, X-ray radiography, MRI.
Therefore, CNN and Radiology find a
mutual relationship in meta-analysis paper
writing
II. CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL
NETWORK (CNN)
Convolution Neural Network is
also known as Convents. CNN is an in-
depth learning approach that was inspired
by the animal visual cortex. The design is
to adapt and learn low to high-level
patterns. In this, there are specific terms
used, each defining certain things – (i)
Parameter: A variable that is automatically
learning process with the meta-analysis
experts (ii) Hyperparameter: A variable
that needs to be performed before training
(iii) Kernel: A set of learnable parameters.
III. ARCHITECTURE OF CNN
Writing a meta-analysis paper
about the network comprises three blocks
– Convolution, pooling, connected blocks.
The initial two layers perform feature
extraction, and the final one produces the
output. A typical convolution layer
contains a stack of these layers in a
repeated order.
Convolution layer is the
fundamental layer of CNN that consists of
a combination of linear and nonlinear
operations. The main feature of
convolution operation is weight sharing.
The output of the convolution layer passes
through the nonlinear activation function.
Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2
Pooling layers reduce the
dimensionality and combine the outputs of
the previous layers into a single neuron
present in the next layer. Max pooling is
the popular pooling operation which
utilizes maximum neuron clusters.
Connected layers connect all
neurons in a line. It works by abiding the
principle of Multi-Layer Perceptron. Every
fully connected layer follows a nonlinear
function.
IV. APPLICATIONS IN RADIOLOGY
While analyzing the medical
images, classification takes place by
targeting the lesions and tumours. Other
categories of those are into two or more
classes. Many training data is there for
better type using CNN.
After the classification process, the
segmentation process takes place.
Segmentation of organs is the crucial role
in image processing techniques.
Segmentation is a time-consuming
process. Instead of manual segmentation,
CNN can be applied for segmenting the
organs. To train the network for the
segmentation process, medical images of
the organs and those segmentation results
are used.
CNN classifier is used for
segmentation to calculate the probability
of finding the organs. In this, firstly, a
probability map of the organs using CNN
is done, later, global context of images and
other probability maps by conducting a
meta-analysis.
After all these, the abnormalities
within the medical images must be
detected. Those abnormalities may be
existing or may not be in typical cases. In
previous studies, 2D-CNN is used for
detecting TB on chest radiographs. For
develop the detection system and evaluate
its performance, the dataset of 1007 chest
radiographs performs well.
About 40 million mammography
examinations are done every year in the
USA. Those were made mainly to screen
programs aiming to detect breast cancer at
early stages by the meta-analysis in
quantitative studies
V. ADVANTAGES OF CNN
Currently, specific techniques like
texture analysis, conventional machine
learning classifiers like random forests and
support vector machines are useful.
Howbeit, CNN posses its advantages. It
does not need hand-made feature
extraction. Then, the architecture of CNN
does not require segmentation of parts like
differentiating tumors and organs.
VI. FUTURE SCOPES
There are several methods to
facilitate deep learning. But, well-
annotated medical datasets in huge size are
required to accomplish the perspectives of
deep understanding. This kind of dedicated
pre-trained networks can be used to foster
the advancement of medical diagnosis. The
vulnerability of deep neural networks in
medical imaging is crucial since the
clinical application requires robustness for
Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2
eventual applications compared to other
non-medical systems.
VII. CONCLUSION
More datasets are produced in both
medical and non-medical fields. It has
become obvious to apply more deep
learning to ease analyzing and recognizing
them. CNN's and other deep learning
techniques are helpful in healthcare and
health risk management guided by the help
of Pubrica and giving Meta-analysis
Writing Services
REFERENCES
1. Banerjee, I., Ling, Y., Chen, M. C., Hasan, S. A.,
Langlotz, C. P., Moradzadeh, N., ...&Farri, O.
(2019). Comparative effectiveness of convolutional
neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network
(RNN) architectures for radiology text report
classification. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 97,
79-88.
2. Lee, Y. H. (2018). Efficiency improvement in a
busy radiology practice: determination of
musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging
protocol using deep-learning convolutional neural
networks. Journal of digital imaging, 31(5), 604-
610.
3. Yamashita, R., Nishio, M., Do, R. K. G., &Togashi,
K. (2018). Convolutional neural networks: an
overview and application in radiology. Insights into
Imaging, 9(4), 611-629.

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Meta analysis of convolutional neural networks for radiological images - Pubrica

  • 1. Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 1 Meta-Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks for Radiological Images Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica sales@pubrica.com In-Brief Deep Learning is an inevitable branch of Artificial Intelligence technology. In which, Convolutional Neural Network is a modern approach to visualize the images with high performance. These networks help for high performance in the recognition and categorization of images. It has found applications in the modern science sectors such as Healthcare, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceuticals, etc. for Meta-analysis Writing Services. Keywords: Meta-analysis Writing Services, meta- analysis paper writing, writing a meta- analysis, how to write a meta-analysis, write a meta-analysis paper, meta- analysis experts, writing a meta-analysis paper, conducting a meta-analysis, meta- analysis research, meta-analysis in quantitative analysis, meta-analysis research help, how to write meta-analysis, Meta-analysis Writing Services I. INTRODUCTION The growth of massive datasets creates a need for more advanced tools for analysis. CNN is such a tool that is mainly for analyzing the images. Currently, in healthcare and clinical management, it is used for diabetic retinopathy screening, skin lesion classification, and lymph node metastasis detection for meta-analysis research. Radiology is a scientific front used in the healthcare sector for diagnosing various types of diseases via different imaging techniques like ultrasound, X-ray radiography, MRI. Therefore, CNN and Radiology find a mutual relationship in meta-analysis paper writing II. CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK (CNN) Convolution Neural Network is also known as Convents. CNN is an in- depth learning approach that was inspired by the animal visual cortex. The design is to adapt and learn low to high-level patterns. In this, there are specific terms used, each defining certain things – (i) Parameter: A variable that is automatically learning process with the meta-analysis experts (ii) Hyperparameter: A variable that needs to be performed before training (iii) Kernel: A set of learnable parameters. III. ARCHITECTURE OF CNN Writing a meta-analysis paper about the network comprises three blocks – Convolution, pooling, connected blocks. The initial two layers perform feature extraction, and the final one produces the output. A typical convolution layer contains a stack of these layers in a repeated order. Convolution layer is the fundamental layer of CNN that consists of a combination of linear and nonlinear operations. The main feature of convolution operation is weight sharing. The output of the convolution layer passes through the nonlinear activation function.
  • 2. Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2 Pooling layers reduce the dimensionality and combine the outputs of the previous layers into a single neuron present in the next layer. Max pooling is the popular pooling operation which utilizes maximum neuron clusters. Connected layers connect all neurons in a line. It works by abiding the principle of Multi-Layer Perceptron. Every fully connected layer follows a nonlinear function. IV. APPLICATIONS IN RADIOLOGY While analyzing the medical images, classification takes place by targeting the lesions and tumours. Other categories of those are into two or more classes. Many training data is there for better type using CNN. After the classification process, the segmentation process takes place. Segmentation of organs is the crucial role in image processing techniques. Segmentation is a time-consuming process. Instead of manual segmentation, CNN can be applied for segmenting the organs. To train the network for the segmentation process, medical images of the organs and those segmentation results are used. CNN classifier is used for segmentation to calculate the probability of finding the organs. In this, firstly, a probability map of the organs using CNN is done, later, global context of images and other probability maps by conducting a meta-analysis. After all these, the abnormalities within the medical images must be detected. Those abnormalities may be existing or may not be in typical cases. In previous studies, 2D-CNN is used for detecting TB on chest radiographs. For develop the detection system and evaluate its performance, the dataset of 1007 chest radiographs performs well. About 40 million mammography examinations are done every year in the USA. Those were made mainly to screen programs aiming to detect breast cancer at early stages by the meta-analysis in quantitative studies V. ADVANTAGES OF CNN Currently, specific techniques like texture analysis, conventional machine learning classifiers like random forests and support vector machines are useful. Howbeit, CNN posses its advantages. It does not need hand-made feature extraction. Then, the architecture of CNN does not require segmentation of parts like differentiating tumors and organs. VI. FUTURE SCOPES There are several methods to facilitate deep learning. But, well- annotated medical datasets in huge size are required to accomplish the perspectives of deep understanding. This kind of dedicated pre-trained networks can be used to foster the advancement of medical diagnosis. The vulnerability of deep neural networks in medical imaging is crucial since the clinical application requires robustness for
  • 3. Copyright © 2020 pubrica. All rights reserved 2 eventual applications compared to other non-medical systems. VII. CONCLUSION More datasets are produced in both medical and non-medical fields. It has become obvious to apply more deep learning to ease analyzing and recognizing them. CNN's and other deep learning techniques are helpful in healthcare and health risk management guided by the help of Pubrica and giving Meta-analysis Writing Services REFERENCES 1. Banerjee, I., Ling, Y., Chen, M. C., Hasan, S. A., Langlotz, C. P., Moradzadeh, N., ...&Farri, O. (2019). Comparative effectiveness of convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) architectures for radiology text report classification. Artificial intelligence in medicine, 97, 79-88. 2. Lee, Y. H. (2018). Efficiency improvement in a busy radiology practice: determination of musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging protocol using deep-learning convolutional neural networks. Journal of digital imaging, 31(5), 604- 610. 3. Yamashita, R., Nishio, M., Do, R. K. G., &Togashi, K. (2018). Convolutional neural networks: an overview and application in radiology. Insights into Imaging, 9(4), 611-629.