2. Content vs. Form
Content is the message or idea we
are sharing.
Form is how we share it.
(Costello, ch. 4)
3. Applied Aesthetics
Industry-specific rules and guidelines used in trade crafts
such as cinematography, graphic design, television
production, website design, and photography.
Each field is guided by its own design rules and
guidelines, a set of formal and informal practices that
influence the choices made during each phase of the
creative process.
(Costello, ch. 4)
4. Design
The strategic arrangement of visual elements within a
two-dimensional space to form a unified and holistic
impression.
Sometimes, the word composition is used as an
alternative way of describing the same process.
(Costello, ch. 4)
6. Line
A continuous point (mark)
used to delineate an edge,
or to lead the eye through
a design.
A line is just a continuation
of a point (dot), which is
the smallest unit of design.
2001:A Space Odyssey (Stanley Kubrick, 1968)
7. Types of Lines
Static
Horizontal = sense of peace
and calm.
Vertical = power, strength,
grandeur, and awe.
Dynamic
Diagonal = speed,
movement, and depth
Curved = Create a sense of
peace and tranquility.
Bedroom at Arles (1992) Roy Lichtenstein
8. Leading Lines
Lines that guide a viewer’s
eyes around, or through, a
design.
Scanno (1953) Henri Cartier-Bresson
9. Shape/Form
An area with clear
boundaries.
Shape is 2D, Form is 3D
Organic shapes occur
naturally.
Geometric shapes are
mathematically calculated.
(squares, circles, etc.)
Shell (1927) Edward Weston
10. Space
Used to create a sense of
depth, and is made up of
two kinds of space:
Positive space – the
object(s) in the artwork.
Negative space – the area
around/between the
object(s) in the artwork.
(also known as whitespace.
Includes line breaks,
margins, tabs & spaces.)
(Costello, ch. 4)
11. Digital Workspaces
Measured in pixels—tiny
rectangular or square
blocks of color.
Width is measured along
x-axis (horizontally), and
height is measured along
y-axis (vertically).
Coordinates are an x:y
position. The upper left-
hand corner is (0:0).
(Costello, ch. 4)
12. Texture
How a surface looks and/or
feels.
In some forms of art &
design, the artist can create
a surface texture that can
be felt by hand.
In other forms of art, such
as photography or graphic
design, the texture is
implied but cannot be felt.
Georgia O’Keeffe Annie Leibovitz
13. Value
The range from light to
dark in a design.
Migrant Mother (1936) Dorothea Lange
14.
15.
16. Color
Color is what we see when
light reflects off of an
object.
The three dimensions of
color are Hue (actual color
such as “blue” or “orange”),
Saturation (intensity), and
Value (brightness).
17. Complimentary Colors
Directly across from each
other on the color wheel.
Make each other appear
brighter and more intense.
Afghan Girl (1984) Steve McCurry
23. The Principles of Design
Ways to combine the elements of art to make a more
powerful design/composition
24. Pattern/Repetition
An element (color, shape,
form, etc.) that occurs over
and over in a design.
It is more visually
appealing to vary the
repetition to some degree.
Hats in the Garment District, New York (1930) Margaret Bourke-White
25. Contrast
Most often, people think of
contrast as pertaining to
value (the range of light
and dark) in a design.
However, contrast can also
be created using color,
shape, or any other
element that provides a
sense of visual discord.
Self-portrait (1976) Samuel Fosso
26. Proportion
Our perception of an
object’s size is related to
the size and position of
other objects within the
field of view.
North by Northwest (1959) Alfred Hitchcock
28. Balance
Balance is a sense of visual
stability within a design.
Symmetrical - objects are
the same size, color,
and/or shape
Asymmetrical - achieved
with a combination of
objects of varying sizes,
shapes, and colors.
Festival de las flores (1925) Diego Rivera
29. Movement
Movement can be a literal
representation, or implied
through repetition of shape
(rhythm) or the alternation
of lights and darks.
Commuter on the New York New Haven line running to catch train pulling out of Grand Central Station (1961) Alfred Eisenstadt
30. Unity
Occurs when all of the
elements work together to
support the overall
theme/object of the work,
rather than distract the
viewer.
Technology Innovation Commercial Payments Infographic Art Director: Aaron Steinfeld Designer: Sara Haney
31. Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization
Gestalt is a German word meaning “shape” or “form.”
32. Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization
Founded by German thinkers Max Wertheimer,
Wolfgang Kohler, and Kurt Koffka
The whole is greater than the sum of the individual parts.
33. Law of Similarity
“Elements that share
similar characteristics are
perceived as more related
than elements that don't
share those
characteristics.”
37. Law of Pragnanz
Pragnanz is a German term
meaning "good figure"
“People will perceive and
interpret ambiguous or
complex images as the
simplest form(s) possible.”