This document provides information about pesticides including: - Pesticides are substances used to kill, repel, or control certain forms of plant or animal life considered pests. They include herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and others. - Pesticides have a brief history beginning with organized agriculture when pests threatened food supplies, and are now widely used to support efficient use of resources and high standards of living. - Pesticides have benefits but also risks, so safer chemicals and application methods are constantly improved through research and education while balancing policies based on facts.

1. PESTICIDES
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MAST- Gen. Science
 Description
 Brief History
 Characteristics of Pesticides
 Types of Pesticides
 Additional Information:
Typical pesticide uses in
developing countries
Classification by Target Pest
Species

3. In Wood ... .
In Pet Products ... .

4. In the Pools ... .

5. In Wool Clothing .. .
and many others...

6. 
 A pesticide is any substance used to kill, repel, or
control certain forms of plant or animal life that are
considered to be pests.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Health & Education: Pesticides, Copyright © 2015
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/pesticides/#niehs

7. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
defines pesticides as:
“Anysubstanceormixtureof
substances intendedfor
preventing, destroying,
repelling, regulating, or
controllingpests.”

9.  Includes: herbicides for destroying weeds and other
unwanted vegetation, insecticides for controlling a
wide variety of insects, fungicides used to prevent the
growth of molds and mildew, disinfectants for
preventing the spread of bacteria, and compounds
used to control mice and rats.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Health & Education: Pesticides
https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/pesticides/#niehs

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 It was until the emergence of organized agriculture,
when pests attacked the plants we grew for food
and threatened our very own survival, did the battle
for the control of our planet begin. Today, we have
far more uses for pesticides. They are essential to the
efficient use of our natural resources.
WW2 use of the
organophosphate, parathion.

11. In fact, the overall high standard of living in the US (e.g.,
abundant food, clothing, and affordable housing) would not be
possible if not for pesticides. Pesticides are not without some risk
however, but the many benefits are too often taken for granted.
Consider for a moment, that we (society) accept a total and
complete ban on the use of pesticides without regards for the
advantages they provide, then we must be willing to accept
soaring food and fiber shortages, wood shortages, and
outbreaks of long-forgotten human and animal diseases.
The first aircraft modified for the
application of lead-arsenate.
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 Just as the benefits of pesticides
are real, so are the potential
disadvantages. Although
research and education
constantly produces safer-to-use
chemicals, pesticide misuse and
accidents still occur. These
incidents add to the negative
public perception about
pesticides, and fuels political
debate. For these reasons, pest
control methods and pesticide
usage should always be
something we strive to improve.
1940’s advertisement emphasizing
the “Great Expectations
Held for DDT.” (Killing Salt
Chemicals)

13. At the same time, we must be careful to base
policies and regulation on facts and logic and not
false perceptions and misinformation. After all, there
are always lessons to be learned from history.
Ibis eggs affected by DDT
bioaccumulation.
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Southern Regional Extension Forestry
A Regional Peer Reviewed Publication
SREF-FM-010 (Also published as Texas A & M Publication 805-124)
Taylor, Eric L., Holley, A. Gordon, & Kirk, Melanie (March, 2007)
http://www.sref.info/resources/publications/pesticide-development---a-brief-look-at-the-
history/at_download/file.

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Solubility
Adsorption
Persistence
Volatility
University of Florida – IFAS Extension Copyright © 2015 https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi202

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 Pesticides are often referred to according to
the type of pest they control. Another way to
think about pesticides is to consider those that
are chemical pesticides or are derived from a
common source or production method. Other
categories include biopesticides, antimicrobials,
and pest control devices.

17.  Chemical pesticides are derived from a
common source or production method such as
organophosphate pesticides, carbamate
pesticides, organochlorine insecticides,
pyrethroid pesticides, and sulfonylurea
herbicides.
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18.  Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides
derived from such natural materials as animals,
plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. For
example, canola oil and baking soda have
pesticidal applications and are considered
biopesticides.
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19.  Antimicrobial pesticides are
substances or mixtures of substances
used to destroy or suppress the growth
of harmful microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, or fungi on inanimate
objects and surfaces. Antimicrobial
products contain about 275 different
active ingredients and are marketed in
several formulations: sprays, liquids,
concentrated powders, and gases.
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20.  Pest Control "device" is any instrument or
contrivance (other than a firearm) intended for
trapping, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any
pest. A mousetrap is an example of a device.
Unlike pesticides, EPA does not require devices to
be registered with the Agency. Devices are
subject to certain labeling, packaging, record
keeping, and import/export requirements,
however.
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ENCAP EA-ESD Course: USAID Pesticide
Procedures. visit www.encapafrica.org
In-field crop
protection
Dosing of lakes,
ponds & lagoons
to control disease
vectors
Area spraying for
mosquito and
other disease
vector control
Stored product
protection
(seeds, food aid
crops, etc.)
Household insect
and structural
pest control
Insecticide treated
bed nets &
Interior household
residual spraying
Treatment of
export crops,
fumigation of
timber
Outbreak pest
control – locusts,
rodents, etc.
Livestock tick
control-dipping,
spraying, pouring
And other uses. . .

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 Most pesticides may be
classified according to the pests
they kill. The word ending or
suffix -cide means to kill. The
following types of pesticides are
used to kill specific kinds of pests:
British Columbia - Ministry of Agriculture: About Pesticides
Copyright © 2015, Province of British Columbia
.http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/pesticides/a_3.htm#types
Target pest
algae
birds
bacteria
fungi
weeds
insects
mites
snails, slugs
nematodes
fish
rodents
Pesticide
algicide
avicide
bactericide
fungicide
herbicide
insecticide
miticide
molluscicide
nematicide
piscicide
rodenticide

23. BioTechnology
 This discussion would not be complete without
mentioning biotechnological advancement
made in the agricultural world. Biotechnology, or
genetic engineering, can be used to modify the
genetic compositions of plants, animals, and
microorganisms. Currently, the technology is used
primarily to modify crops, although other
applications are constantly being development.
Some of the most important commercial
applications of biotechnology include
advancements made in herbicide tolerant, insect
tolerant, and virus tolerant crops.

24. E N D
Thankyou for
listening!