1. The 8 PARTS OF
SPEECH
An Overview

2. Parts of Speech
 Determining partsof speech isnothing morethan
determining thefunction/job aparticular word hasin
asentence. They all play arole in thesentence, and
oneword might beanoun onetimeand averb the
next.
 Let’staketheword run for example.
 Let’sgo on aRUN after school. (NOUN)
 I will RUN to thecafeteriato befirst in line(VERB)

3. NOUNS
person, place, thing, idea
Common: chair, pencil, school
Proper: Woodward Academy
Concrete: desk, Aunt Lulu
Abstract: freedom, love
Compound: firefighter
Collective: class, herd

4. PRONOUNS
Pronouns, for the most part, take
the place of nouns.
There are actually several different
kinds of pronouns, and they are
used much more than most people
realize.

5. PERSONAL PRONOUNS -
the basics
FIRST PERSON: I, me, my, mine,
we, our, ours, us
SECOND PERSON: you, your,
yours
THIRD PERSON: he, she, it, its,
his, him, her, hers, they, their,
theirs, them

6. DEMONSTRATIVE
THIS, THAT, THESE, and THOSE
ONLY used in place of nouns (be
aware of Demonstrative Adjectives - don’t use
them before a noun).
THIS is my book.
THAT is yours.
THESE are my pickles.
THOSE are his shoes.

7. INTERROGATIVE
WHAT, WHICH, WHO, WHOM,
AND WHOSE
And like all interrogatives, they start
questions:
WHAT are you doing?
WHO do you think you are?

8. RELATIVE
WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, WHICH, THAT
These look like interrogative pronouns,
but they do NOT ask questions.
They begin clauses that add more info to
a sentence:
My students, WHO are the best and brightest,
love relative pronouns.
The vegetables THAT are the healthiest are the
green ones.

9. INDEFINITE
An indefinite pronoun refers to
something that is not definite or
specific or exact.
The indefinite pronouns include but
are not limited to the following:
all, another, any, each, everybody, everyone,
everything, few, many, nobody, none, one,
several, some, somebody, either, neither

10. ADJECTIVES
Adjectives modify nouns & pronouns
They tell WHICH ONE, WHAT KIND,
and HOW MANY
WHICH ONE: this book or that one
WHAT KIND: the red ball, the tall kid
HOW MANY: two kids, several moments

11. DEMONSTRATIVE
ADJECTIVES:
this, that, these, and those
They are also pronouns - so be
careful how you use them.
To use them as an adjective, place
them directly before a noun:
THIS book is so good.
THOSE pencils should be put away.

12. VERBS
Express ACTION or a STATE OF
BEING (linking).
ACTION: cry, leap, laugh, run
STATE OF BEING: is, seems, looks,
appears

13. HELPING VERBS
Many people are confused about the
difference between LINKING and HELPING
verbs - and for good reason: many of the
words are the same (is, are, can, could…).
HELPING verbs help both ACTION &
LINKING verbs, while LINKING stand alone.
HELPING: I WILL walk to my class.
LINKING: I AM a teacher.

14. ADVERBS
Adverbs modify verbs, adverbs, and
adjectives.
They answer the questions how, why,
when, where, to what extent, and under
what condition.
They often end in -LY (badly, gracefully),
but they do not have to.
Words like soon, there, & very are
common adverbs that do not end in -ly.

15. PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions express relationships
between other words.
They are ALWAYS in a phrase (hint: if you
see one alone, it’s an adverb).
In the pool, near the school, over the roof,
around the fence
COMPOUND PREPS include because of,
in addition to, instead of

16. CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunction, junction, what’s your
function?
TO CONNECT words, phrases, &
clauses
There are two main kinds:
coordinating & correlative

17. COORDINATING &
CORRELATIVE
COORDINATING are the
FANBOYS:
or, and, nor, but, or yet, so
CORRELATIVE work with a partner
either… or neither… nor
not only… but also

18. INTERJECTIONS
Words used to add feeling or emphasis
to (usually) the beginning of a sentence.
They can be followed by a comma or a
conjunction.
Wow!
Hey!
Awww,