1. 1 . 2 ¢hfkÑu J Eæu−el pÇfLÑ 30 ¢j¢eV
1z A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ (Session Objectives) :
HC A¢d−hn−el −n−o AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m hZÑe¡ Ll−a f¡l−he -
j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæu−el d¡le¡ AbÑ¡v pj−ul p¡−b p¡−b i¡−m¡i¡−h S£he d¡le J jkÑ¡c¡l p¡−b
−hy−Q b¡L¡ z
A−eL L−ø fË¡ç Eæ¢a HL¢V ¢hfkÑ−u eø q−u k¡u : Eæu−el Efl ¢hfÑk−ul fËi¡h z
¢hfÑku ¢Li¡−h O−V : c¤−kÑ¡N, ¢hfæa¡ J rja¡l j−dÉ pÇfLÑ ¢L z
pj¡−Sl ph−Q−u ¢hfæ −nËe£l Efl fËi¡h: S£he d¡le, S£¢hL¡ ¢eÑh¡q, h¡pÙÛ¡e J S£h−el
p£j¡−lM¡l Efl ¢hfÑk−ul fËi¡h z
2z A¢d−hn−el j§m ¢nr¡ (Key Learning Points) :
j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæu−el d¡le¡ Ae¤k¡u£, j¡e¤o ¢e−Sl Eæue p¡d−e j¤MÉ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−l z
j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæue fË¢œ²u¡u j¡eh¡¢dL¡l ¢i¢šL L¡kÑfËe¡m£C (Right Based Approach) qm
j¤MÉ z
pj−ul ANËN¢al p¡−b S£he d¡l−el j¡e Eæ¢a Ll¡ J jkÑ¡c¡ p¡−b −hy−Q b¡L¡C qm Eæue z
hý L−ø A¢SÑa Eæue ¢hfkÑ−ul L¡l−e eø q−u k¡u z
c§−kÑ¡N J ¢hfæa¡l ¢jme ¢hfkÑu −X−L B−e z
haÑj¡e ¢hfæa¡l p¡−b pj¡−Sl haÑj¡e rja¡ pj¡−Sl Efl Ty¥¢ Ll dle J j¡œ¡ ¢eZÑ−u
…l¦aÆf§ZÑ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−l z
(c§−kÑ¡N × ¢hfæa¡) / rja¡ = Ty¥¢Ll j¡œ¡
3z −S−e l¡M¤e (Hand Out) :
j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæu−el d¡le¡ : j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæu−el mrÉ qm p¡d¡le j¡e¤o J j¡eh pÇfËc¡u−L
pÇf−cl ¢eu¿»e rja¡ ¢g¢l−u −cJu¡, k¡−a a¡l¡ ¢e−Sl Q¡¢qc¡ ¢e−Sl¡C −jV¡−a f¡−l z
j¡eh −L¢¾cÊL Eæu−el fËd¡e e£¢a : ¢e−Sl Eæue p¡d−e j¡e¤o ¢e−S j¤MÉ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−l :
p¡hÑ−i±jaÆ j¡e¤−ol i£a−lC h¡p L−l Hhw j¡e¤oC pj¡−Sl pL¡l¡aÈL f¢lhaÑ−el j§m Q¡¢h z HC
j¡e¤oC pj¡S−L ¢e¢ÕQa f¢lhaÑ−el ¢c−L H¢N−u ¢e−u k¡u z j¡eh pÇfËc¡−ul p¡hÑS¢ee Bn¡ qm,
ü¡d£ea¡ J Nea¿» z j¡e¤o−L pS¡N L−l, a¡l Q¡¢qc¡…¢m ¢Q¢q²a Ll−a Hhw a¡ −f−a j¡e¤o−L
p¡q¡kÉ Ll¡ qm plL¡−ll °hd i¨¢jL¡ z
j¡eh¡¢dL¡l ¢i¢šL L¡kÑfËe¡m£ : j¡eh pÇfËc¡−ul Eæue J p¡hÑ−i±jaÆ ÙÛ¡f−el SeÉ p¡d¡le j¡e¤−ol
¡eh¡¢dL¡l
q¡−a pÇfc ¢eu¿»−el rja¡ b¡L¡ fË−u¡Se z öd¤j¡œ a¡C eu, fË−u¡Se£u abÉ J p§Qe¡ a¡l¡ Q¡¢qc¡
Ae¤p¡−l −f−a f¡l−h Hhw fË−u¡S−e plL¡l£ B¢dL¡¢lL−cl L¡−R °L¢guv Q¡C−h z H…¢m p¡d¡le
j¡e¤−ol A¢dL¡l ab¡ plL¡l HC A¢dL¡l…¢m p¤¤¢e¢ÕQ−al c¡¢uaÆ f¡me Ll−h z ph −c−nl j¡e¤o−L
HL¢œa q−u HC c¡¢u−aÆl fË¢a plL¡l−L pS¡N L−l HC c¡¢uaÆ…¢ml f¡me p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll−a q−h z
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2. pju J Eæu−el pÇfLÑ : Eæue qm HL¢V fÜ¢a k¡l jdÉ ¢c−u j¡e¤−ol S£he d¡l−el j¡e J jkÑ¡c¡
h¡−s z Eæa S£hek¡œ¡ ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢ho−ul Efl ¢eiÑln£m z kb¡ - −j±¢mL p¤¤−k¡N p¤¤¢hd¡ f¡−µR ¢L
e¡? a¡l −j±¢mL Q¡¢qc¡ f§le q−µR ¢Le¡ ? −p Sl¦l£ f¢l−oh¡ f¡−µR ¢L e¡ ? - HC p¤¤¢hd¡…¢m S£h−e
A¿¹i¥Ñš² q−m S£he d¡l−el j¡e Eæa q−u−R a¡ hm−a f¡¢l z
jkÑ¡c¡l AbÑ qm : j¡e¤o ¢e−Sl −j±mL A¢dL¡l…¢m −i¡N Ll−a f¡l−R ¢Le¡? a¡l¡ l¡Se£¢a ab¡
pj¡S f¢lQ¡me hÉhÙÛ¡u AwnNËqe Ll−a f¡l−R ¢Le¡ ? −ic¡-−i−cl ¢hl¦−Ü BJu¡S a¥m−a f¡l−R
¢L e¡ CaÉ¡¢c z Eæue qm HL¢V A¢h¢µRæ fË¢œ²u¡ k¡ pj−ul p¡−b H¢N−u Q−m z ¢hfkÑu HC Eæu−el
d¡l¡ ab¡ A¢SÑa m¡−il f−b h¡d¡ q−u cy¡s¡u z
¢hfkÑ−ul L¡l−Z hý L−ø Be¡ Eæu−el ¢L f¢l¢ÙÛ¢a qu ? BbÑ-p¡j¡¢SL Eæue qm pj¡S J
pÇfËc¡−ul c£OÑ¢c−el fË−Qø¡l gm z fËaÉ¿¹ Hm¡L¡l j¡e¤o hý −i±−N¡¢mL h¡d¡ A¢aœ²j L−l fË¡b¢jL
f¢l−oh¡…¢m f¡u z ü¡ÙÛÉ f¢l−oh¡, ¢nr¡, −lne f¢l−oh¡, f¢löÜ Sm J −n±Q hÉhÙÛ¡ HC f¢loh¡l
A¿¹i¥Ñš² z ¢L¿¹¥ HLV¡ −R¡– ¢hfkÑu hý fË−Qø¡u Be¡ Eæue−L dÆwp L−l j¡e¤o−L A−eLV¡ ¢fR−e J
¢e−jÀ −W−m −cu z c£OÑÙÛ¡u£ Eæue ab¡ c¡¢lâ qÊÊ¡pLle fË−Qø¡…¢ml SeÉ h¡lwh¡l Bp£e fË¡L«¢aL
c§−kÑ¡N HL hs i£¢al L¡le z HC AhÙÛ¡u Bj¡−cl pj¡−Sl ph−Q−u ¢hfæ −nËe£l j¡e¤−ol¡ i£oei¡−h
r¢aNËÙÛ qu z abÉ ¢h−nÔoe Ll−m ¢hfkÑ−ul g−m ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma f¢lhaÑe…¢m −cM¡ k¡−h : hph¡−pl ÙÛ¡e
f¢lhaÑe h¡ ÙÛ¡e¡¿¹le, S£¢hL¡l Evp dÆwp, ¢nö−cl Af¤¢øS¢ea pjpÉ¡ J f¡Q¡−ll pwMÉ¡u hª¢Ü
CaÉ¡¢c z a¡C, Eæuej§mL L¡S −q¡L h¡ ¢hfkÑu qÊÊ¡pLl−el L¡S - HCph ¢hfæ −nËe£l j¡e¤o−cl
fË¢a ¢h−no eSl l¡M¡ Sl¦l£ z
c§−kÑ¡N, ¢hfæa¡ J rja¡l pÇfLÑ : ¢hfæa¡l pw‘¡ −b−L S¡e¡ k¡u −k −L¡−e¡ ¢e¢ÕQa ¢hfc h¡
BO¡a−L ¢i¢š L−l L¡E−L ¢Qla−l ¢hfæ hm¡ k¡u e¡ z p¤¤al¡w −k fËnÀ¢V phpju Ll¡ E¢Qv a¡
qm, hÉ¢š²¢V ¢L−pl −b−L Ap¤¤l¢ra h¡ ¢hfæ ? −k ph j¡e¤o ec£ h¡ pj¤â a£lhaÑ£ Hm¡L¡u h¡p
L−le a¡−cl SeÉ O§ZÑ£Ts J heÉ¡ ¢hfæa¡l L¡le q−a f¡−l z p¡j¡¢SL, l¡S°e¢aL Hhw AbÑ°e¢aL
pjpÉ¡u Bœ²¡¿¹ −cn…¢m−a hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤−ol f−r p¤¤M J n¡¢¿¹−a Eæaj¡−el S£hek¡fe Ll¡
LøLl z
¢hfæa¡l ¢hfl£−a B−R rja¡ k¡ hÉ¡¢š²Na pÇfc, f¡¢lh¡¢lL pÇfc, pj¡S h¡ pÇfËc¡−ul pÇfc h¡
−L¡−e¡ fË¡¢aù¡¢eL J S¡a£u pÇfc q−a f¡−l k¡ c¤−kÑ¡−Nl fËi¡h−L Lj¡−a f¡−l z j¡e¤−ol ¢hfkÑu
−j¡L¡¢hm¡l rja¡ Hhw −L±nm ¢h¢iæ −nËZ£l j¡e¤−ol j−dÉ fªbL J H¢V pj−ul p¡−b f¢lhaÑen£m z
−k ph j¡e¤−ol¡ c£OÑ¢c−el d−l e¡e¡lLj c¤−kÑ¡−Nl pÇj¥¢Me −kje - Ml¡, fa−‰l Bœ²je, p¡j¢lL k¤Ü
CaÉ¡¢cl pÇj¥¢Me qu a¡−cl j−dÉ S£he lr¡l −L±n−ml j¡e J rja¡−L c¤hÑm L−l Hhw
flhaÑ£L¡−m Bp£e c§−kÑ¡N k¡ ¢hf−cl −j¡L¡¢hm¡ Ll¡l rja¡−L qÊÊ¡p L−l −cu z
HV¡ j−e l¡M¡ Sl¦l£ −k, ¢hfkÑu aMeC O−V kMe ¢hfæa¡ J c¤−kÑ¡N HL p¡−b ¢j¢ma qu z e£−Ql
pj£LlZ −b−L Ty¥¢Ll pñhe¡−L heÑe¡ Ll¡ k¡u z kb¡ -
c¤−kÑ¡N × ¢hfæa¡ / rja¡ = Ty¥¢L
HC L¡l−e ¢hfæa¡ L¢j−u Hhw rja¡ hª¢Ül j¡dÉ−jC ¢hfkÑ−ul T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLle pñh z HSeÉ cra¡l
p¡−b h¡¢qÉL h¡ n¡¢ll£L, p¡j¡¢SL J BqlZNa ¢hfæa¡…¢m−L ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡l p¡−b p¡−b c¤−kÑ¡NfËhe
Hm¡L¡u hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤−ol rja¡…¢mJ ¢Q¢q²a ab¡ ¢h−nÔoe Ll−a q−h z
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3. 4z A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡ J ¢heÉ¡p (Session Plan) :
pju A¢d−hn−el L¡kÑ¡hm£l heÑe¡
fËbj 10 ¢j¢eV pi¡ öl¦ q−h HC A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ J pjNË fË¢nr−Z HC
A¢d−hn−el a¡vfkÑÉ heeÑ¡ L−l z
• â¥a ¢Q¿¹e (Brain Storming) :
- Eæue hm−a Bjl¡ ¢L h¤¢T ?
- L¡l Eæue Hhw L¡l ¢pÜ¡¿¹ ?
â¥a ¢Q¿¹e −b−L E−W Bp¡ abÉ…¢m−L −h¡−XÑ ¢mM−a q−h z â¥a ¢Q¿¹e
Hl −n−o ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢ml Efl −S¡l −cJu¡ clL¡l :
• Eæue qm HL¢V fÜ¢a
• ph−Q−u Ap¤¤l¢ra Hhw c§hÑm ¢hou…¢m−L Eæu−el −L¾cÊ Ll¡
E¢Qv
• j¡e¤oC Eæu−e j¤MÉ i¨¢jL¡ NËqe L−l
• Eæu−el SeÉ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ −eh¡l A¢dL¡l pj¡−Sl fË¢a¢V j¡e¤−ol
B−R
11 - 20 ¢j¢eV cªnÉ 1 : ¢hfkÑu - Eæue pÇfÑ−L
heÑe¡ : Eæue qm HL¢V fË¢œ²u¡
k¡ pj−ul p¡−b S£he ¢ehÑ¡−ql
j¡e ab¡ hÉ¢š²l jkÑ¡c¡l Eæ¢a
L−l z ¢hfkÑu e¡ OV−m üi¡haC
j¡e¤o / pj¡S œ²jhdÑj¡e Eæu−el
f−b H¢N−u Q−m z a−h −h¡T¡l
fË−u¡Se −k, phÑ¡¢dL ¢hfæ −nËe£l
j¡e¤o−L p¡d¡lZa: üÒf Eæue f¡Ju¡l SeÉ Qlj E−ŸÉ¡N£ q−a ab¡
ms¡C Ll−a qu z
pj¡−Sl j¡e¤−ol c£OÑ¢c−el fË−Qø¡l g−m p¡j¡¢SL J AbÑ°e¢aL Eæue
pñh qu z fËaÉ¿¹ Hm¡L¡u hph¡pL¡l£ j¡e¤o−L e§eÉaj p¤¤−k¡N p¤¤¢hd¡
−kje - ü¡ÙÛÉ f¢l−oh¡, ¢nr¡, −lne hÉhÙÛ¡, f¡e£u Sm J −n±QhÉhÙÛ¡
CaÉ¡¢c −f−a −N−mJ e¡e¡¢hd −i±−N¡¢mL pjpÉ¡l pÇj¥¢Me q−a qu z
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4. 21 - 30 ¢j¢eV cªnÉ 2 :
heÑe¡ : HLV¡ −R¡V a£hËal
c¤−kÑ¡NJ A−eL fË−Qø¡u
Be¡ Eæue−L ¢fR−e −W−m
−cu z
fË¡L«¢aL c¤−kÑ¡−Nl L¡l−e
h¡lwh¡l Bp¡ ¢hfkÑu
c£OÑÙÛ¡u£ Eæue J c¡¢lâ
qÊÊ¡pLle fË−Qø¡…¢ml SeÉ ¢hl¡V i£¢al L¡le z pj¡−S phÑ¡¢dL ¢hfæ
−nËe£l AhÙÛ¡ Hja¡hÙÛ¡u c§¢hÑpq q−u f−s z a−bÉ −cM¡ k¡u, ¢hfkÑ−ul
gm¡gm ül©f h¡pÙÛ¡e f¢lhaÑe h¡ ÙÛ¡e¡¿¹le, j¡e¤−ol BS£¢hL¡l Evp
dÆwp, ¢nö−cl j−dÉ œ²jhdÑj¡e Af¤¢ø ab¡ f¡Q¡l qJu¡l pñhe¡−L
h¡¢s−u −a¡−m z
a¡C, p¡d¡le Eæuej§mL LjÑp§Q£ −q¡L h¡ ¢hfkÑu T¥y¢L qÊÊ¡pLlZ, Eiu
−r−œC ¢hfæ −nËe£l j¡e¤−ol fË¢a ¢h−no eSl ¢c−a q−h z
5z fˢnrZ fܢa (Training Method) :
p−œl Awn fÜ¢a
A¢d−hn−el fË¡lñ â¥a ¢Q¿¹e : HC fÜ¢al j¡dÉ−j AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ B−m¡QÉ ¢houhÙ¹¥ pÇfÑ−L
QVÚfVÚ i¡h−a J B−m¡Qe¡ Ll−a p¤¤−k¡N f¡e z a−h, HC fÜ¢a hÉhq¡−ll
SeÉ a£r, hÉ¡MÉ¡k¤š² Sh¡h pñ¡h£ (open ended) fËnÀ Ll¡l cra¡ b¡L¡
fË−u¡Se z AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl −cJu¡ fË¢a¢V Ešl −n¡e¡ J −h¡−XÑ −mM¡
¢h−no fË−u¡Se z p£¢ja Ešl pñ¡h£ fËnÀ (close ended) e¡ Ll¡C E¢Qa z
cª−nÉl j¡dÉ−j ¢hou cªnÉ, a¡¢mL¡, NË¡g CaÉ¡¢c p¡q¡−kÉ S¢Vm ¢hou−LJ M¤hC a¡s¡a¡¢s Hhw
hÙ¹¥l heÑe¡ L¡kÑLl£ i¡−h heeÑ¡ Ll¡ k¡u z R¢h…¢m−L fË¢nre L−rl ¢e¢cÑø gy¡L¡
ÙÛ¡−e l¡M−a q−h z AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl R¢h…¢m −c−M k¡ −h¡T¡ k¡−µR a¡
hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−a hm−a q−h z L−uLSe Awn NËqeL¡l£l Ešl −ch¡l fl
k¤¢š² ¢c−u R¢h…¢m−L hÉ¡MÉ¡ L−l ¢c−a q−h z phÑc¡ j−e l¡M−a q−h,
R¢h…¢m−L −ke Øfø J hs j¡−fl qu k¡−a AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl −cM−a J
h¤T−a f¡−l z R¢h…¢m −gÓ„ hÉ¡e¡l q−m M¤hC i¡−m¡ qu z
AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl j−dÉ AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl B−m¡Qe¡l j¡dÉ−j B−m¡QÉ ¢houhÙ¹¥l j¤MÉ ¢hou…¢m a¥−m
B−m¡Qe¡ Be¡C qm HC fÜ¢al E−ŸnÉ z H−a AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ m¡N¡a¡l ¢Q¿¹¡ J
B−m¡Qe¡l j¡dÉ−j ¢hou…¢m a¥−m B−ee z AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl j−dÉ
¢LR¥S−el ¢hou pÇf−LÑ i¡−m¡ abÉ S¡e¡ b¡−L ab¡ ¢LR¥S−el ‘¡e p£¢ja
- HC ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ ¢e−uC HC fÜ¢al hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qu z AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡
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5. a¡−cl p¡j−e l¡M¡ fËnÀ h¡ ¢ho−ul Efl ¢e−S−cl j−dÉ B−m¡Qe¡ L−le z
j¤MÉ ¢hou…¢ml Efl ¢Q¿¹¡ J fË¢agm−ell SeÉ fËnÀ…¢m k¤¢š²p‰ai¡−h
p¡S¡−e¡ fË−u¡Se, k¡−a AwnNËqeL¡l£l¡ ¢nr¡l Eæ¢a−L Ae¤ih Ll−a
f¡−le z B−m¡Qe¡ Qm¡L¡m£e fË−aÉ−Ll ja¡ja−L …l¦aÆ ¢c−a q−h z
EÜ«a hš²−hÉl p¡l¡wn −h¡−XÑ ¢m−M l¡M−m M¤hC i¡−m¡ q−h z f¢l−n−o
¢e−Sl ja¡ja k¤š² L−l f§eÑ¡‰ Sh¡h °al£ Ll−a q−h z
j¤MÉ ¢hou…¢ml AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl p−‰ B−m¡Qe¡l j¡dÉ−j j§MÉ ¢nr¡l ¢hou…¢m−L a¥−m
pw¢rçLle −eJu¡ −nËù Ef¡u z ph−Q−u pqS fb qm, AwnNËqeL¡l£−cl ¢e−S−L fËnÀ
Ll−a hm¡ - “HC pœ −b−L B¢j ¢L ¢n−M¢R ? ”
6z fË−u¡Se£u p¡jNË£ (Material Required) :
−hÑ¡X
j¡LÑ¡l −fe
Q¡VÑ −ff¡l
f§−hÑl ByL¡ / °al£ cªnÉ / R¢h
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