সমস্যা ডারউইনবাদ সৃষ্টি মানবজীবনের যাও. Bengali বাঙালি

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The Disasters Darwinism Brought to
Humanity
By
HARUN YAHYA
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fËaÉr Ll¡ k¡uzfËaÉr Ll¡ k¡uzfËaÉr Ll¡ k¡uzfËaÉr Ll¡ k¡uz
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"" fËL«¢a−a A¢Ùa−aÄl pwNË¡j ''"" fËL«¢a−a A¢Ùa−aÄl pwNË¡j ''"" fËL«¢a−a A¢Ùa−aÄl pwNË¡j ''"" fËL«¢a−a A¢Ùa−aÄl pwNË¡j '' ¢hhaÑeh¡−cl HL¢V AeÉaj ¢cL k¡ H jah¡−cl HL¢V¢hhaÑeh¡−cl HL¢V AeÉaj ¢cL k¡ H jah¡−cl HL¢V¢hhaÑeh¡−cl HL¢V AeÉaj ¢cL k¡ H jah¡−cl HL¢V¢hhaÑeh¡−cl HL¢V AeÉaj ¢cL k¡ H jah¡−cl HL¢V
…l²aÄf§ZÑ a¡¢šÅL ¢i¢šz X¡lEC−el j−a fËL«¢a−a A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ ¢eù¥l pwNË¡j pwO¢Va q−u…l²aÄf§ZÑ a¡¢šÅL ¢i¢šz X¡lEC−el j−a fËL«¢a−a A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ ¢eù¥l pwNË¡j pwO¢Va q−u…l²aÄf§ZÑ a¡¢šÅL ¢i¢šz X¡lEC−el j−a fËL«¢a−a A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ ¢eù¥l pwNË¡j pwO¢Va q−u…l²aÄf§ZÑ a¡¢šÅL ¢i¢šz X¡lEC−el j−a fËL«¢a−a A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ ¢eù¥l pwNË¡j pwO¢Va q−u
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fË¢œ²u¡l j¡dÉ−j pj¡−S p¡¢hÑL Eæue p¡¢da q−u b¡−LzfË¢œ²u¡l j¡dÉ−j pj¡−S p¡¢hÑL Eæue p¡¢da q−u b¡−LzfË¢œ²u¡l j¡dÉ−j pj¡−S p¡¢hÑL Eæue p¡¢da q−u b¡−LzfË¢œ²u¡l j¡dÉ−j pj¡−S p¡¢hÑL Eæue p¡¢da q−u b¡−Lz ¢c Al¢Se Ah ®Øf¢pp¢c Al¢Se Ah ®Øf¢pp¢c Al¢Se Ah ®Øf¢pp¢c Al¢Se Ah ®Øf¢pp e¡jL f¤ØaL¢Vle¡jL f¤ØaL¢Vle¡jL f¤ØaL¢Vle¡jL f¤ØaL¢Vl
EfEfEfEf----¢n−l¡e¡−j ¢hou¢V| pw¢rçL¡−l HC i¡o¡u X~fØq¡fe Ll¡ q−u−Rz¢n−l¡e¡−j ¢hou¢V| pw¢rçL¡−l HC i¡o¡u X~fØq¡fe Ll¡ q−u−Rz¢n−l¡e¡−j ¢hou¢V| pw¢rçL¡−l HC i¡o¡u X~fØq¡fe Ll¡ q−u−Rz¢n−l¡e¡−j ¢hou¢V| pw¢rçL¡−l HC i¡o¡u X~fØq¡fe Ll¡ q−u−Rz “ The Origin of Species
by means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Race
in the Struggle for Life ” fË¡L«¢aL ¢eh¡QÑe fË¢œ²u¡l j−dÉ fËS¡¢a pj§−ql Evf¢š Abh¡ S£hefË¡L«¢aL ¢eh¡QÑe fË¢œ²u¡l j−dÉ fËS¡¢a pj§−ql Evf¢š Abh¡ S£hefË¡L«¢aL ¢eh¡QÑe fË¢œ²u¡l j−dÉ fËS¡¢a pj§−ql Evf¢š Abh¡ S£hefË¡L«¢aL ¢eh¡QÑe fË¢œ²u¡l j−dÉ fËS¡¢a pj§−ql Evf¢š Abh¡ S£he
pwNË¡−j Be¤L¥mÉ fË¡ç fËS¡¢a pj§−ql pwlrezpwNË¡−j Be¤L¥mÉ fË¡ç fËS¡¢a pj§−ql pwlrezpwNË¡−j Be¤L¥mÉ fË¡ç fËS¡¢a pj§−ql pwlrezpwNË¡−j Be¤L¥mÉ fË¡ç fËS¡¢a pj§−ql pwlrez
hª¢Vn AbÑe£¢a¢hchª¢Vn AbÑe£¢a¢hchª¢Vn AbÑe£¢a¢hchª¢Vn AbÑe£¢a¢hc Vj¡p j¡mb¡p (Vj¡p j¡mb¡p (Vj¡p j¡mb¡p (Vj¡p j¡mb¡p (Thomas Malthus)))) HlHlHlHl An Essay on the Principle of
population f¤ØaL¢V ¢Rm X¡lEC−el H jah¡−cl fËd¡e Evp¡q c¡a¡z HC f¤Øa−L j¡eh S¡¢alf¤ØaL¢V ¢Rm X¡lEC−el H jah¡−cl fËd¡e Evp¡q c¡a¡z HC f¤Øa−L j¡eh S¡¢alf¤ØaL¢V ¢Rm X¡lEC−el H jah¡−cl fËd¡e Evp¡q c¡a¡z HC f¤Øa−L j¡eh S¡¢alf¤ØaL¢V ¢Rm X¡lEC−el H jah¡−cl fËd¡e Evp¡q c¡a¡z HC f¤Øa−L j¡eh S¡¢al
SeÉ HL¢V iu¡hq i¢hoÉ−al Cw¢Na ¢Rmz j¡mb¡p ¢qp¡h L−l ®cM¡−me ®k, SepwMÉ¡ AaÉ¿¹SeÉ HL¢V iu¡hq i¢hoÉ−al Cw¢Na ¢Rmz j¡mb¡p ¢qp¡h L−l ®cM¡−me ®k, SepwMÉ¡ AaÉ¿¹SeÉ HL¢V iu¡hq i¢hoÉ−al Cw¢Na ¢Rmz j¡mb¡p ¢qp¡h L−l ®cM¡−me ®k, SepwMÉ¡ AaÉ¿¹SeÉ HL¢V iu¡hq i¢hoÉ−al Cw¢Na ¢Rmz j¡mb¡p ¢qp¡h L−l ®cM¡−me ®k, SepwMÉ¡ AaÉ¿¹
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preservation of Favoured Races öd¤j¡œ fË¡Z£ SN−al ®r−œ hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz H ph c¡h£löd¤j¡œ fË¡Z£ SN−al ®r−œ hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz H ph c¡h£löd¤j¡œ fË¡Z£ SN−al ®r−œ hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz H ph c¡h£löd¤j¡œ fË¡Z£ SN−al ®r−œ hÉhq¡l Ll¡ q−u−Rz H ph c¡h£l
fËhš²¡l¡ fËL«af−r H f¤Øa−L X¡lECfËhš²¡l¡ fËL«af−r H f¤Øa−L X¡lECfËhš²¡l¡ fËL«af−r H f¤Øa−L X¡lECfËhš²¡l¡ fËL«af−r H f¤Øa−L X¡lECe j¡eh fËS¡¢a pÇf−LÑ ¢L ja¡ja EfØq¡fe L−l−Re a¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a pÇf−LÑ ¢L ja¡ja EfØq¡fe L−l−Re a¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a pÇf−LÑ ¢L ja¡ja EfØq¡fe L−l−Re a¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a pÇf−LÑ ¢L ja¡ja EfØq¡fe L−l−Re a¡
Aü£L¡l Ll−Re h¡ a¡ ¢h−hQe¡ L−le¢ezAü£L¡l Ll−Re h¡ a¡ ¢h−hQe¡ L−le¢ezAü£L¡l Ll−Re h¡ a¡ ¢h−hQe¡ L−le¢ezAü£L¡l Ll−Re h¡ a¡ ¢h−hQe¡ L−le¢ez
X¡lXCe a¡l f¤Øa−L E−õM L−l−Re ®k, j¡eh S¡¢a ¢hhaÑe fË¢œ²u¡u ¢h¢iæ fkÑ¡uX¡lXCe a¡l f¤Øa−L E−õM L−l−Re ®k, j¡eh S¡¢a ¢hhaÑe fË¢œ²u¡u ¢h¢iæ fkÑ¡uX¡lXCe a¡l f¤Øa−L E−õM L−l−Re ®k, j¡eh S¡¢a ¢hhaÑe fË¢œ²u¡u ¢h¢iæ fkÑ¡uX¡lXCe a¡l f¤Øa−L E−õM L−l−Re ®k, j¡eh S¡¢a ¢hhaÑe fË¢œ²u¡u ¢h¢iæ fkÑ¡u
A¢aœ²j L−l H−p−Rz ®L¡e −L¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a AeÉ−cl a¥me¡u A¢dLal ¢hL¢na J ANËplA¢aœ²j L−l H−p−Rz ®L¡e −L¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a AeÉ−cl a¥me¡u A¢dLal ¢hL¢na J ANËplA¢aœ²j L−l H−p−Rz ®L¡e −L¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a AeÉ−cl a¥me¡u A¢dLal ¢hL¢na J ANËplA¢aœ²j L−l H−p−Rz ®L¡e −L¡e j¡eh fËS¡¢a AeÉ−cl a¥me¡u A¢dLal ¢hL¢na J ANËpl
q−u−Rz ®L¡e ®L¡e fËSq−u−Rz ®L¡e ®L¡e fËSq−u−Rz ®L¡e ®L¡e fËSq−u−Rz ®L¡e ®L¡e fËS¡¢a h¡ a¡−cl f§hÑ f¤l²o j¡eh−cl a¥me¡u ¢LR¤V¡ Eæa h¡ ANËpl h¡¡¢a h¡ a¡−cl f§hÑ f¤l²o j¡eh−cl a¥me¡u ¢LR¤V¡ Eæa h¡ ANËpl h¡¡¢a h¡ a¡−cl f§hÑ f¤l²o j¡eh−cl a¥me¡u ¢LR¤V¡ Eæa h¡ ANËpl h¡¡¢a h¡ a¡−cl f§hÑ f¤l²o j¡eh−cl a¥me¡u ¢LR¤V¡ Eæa h¡ ANËpl h¡
A¢dLal ¢hL¢nazA¢dLal ¢hL¢nazA¢dLal ¢hL¢nazA¢dLal ¢hL¢naz H fËS¡¢al ®L¡e −L¡e¢V Bh¡l h¡e−ll fkÑ¡u −b−L HLV¥ p¡j¡eÉ ®hn£ EæazH fËS¡¢al ®L¡e −L¡e¢V Bh¡l h¡e−ll fkÑ¡u −b−L HLV¥ p¡j¡eÉ ®hn£ EæazH fËS¡¢al ®L¡e −L¡e¢V Bh¡l h¡e−ll fkÑ¡u −b−L HLV¥ p¡j¡eÉ ®hn£ EæazH fËS¡¢al ®L¡e −L¡e¢V Bh¡l h¡e−ll fkÑ¡u −b−L HLV¥ p¡j¡eÉ ®hn£ Eæaz
''''''''X¡lECe B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, (¢h¢iæ j¡e¤o) fËS¡¢al j−dÉX¡lECe B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, (¢h¢iæ j¡e¤o) fËS¡¢al j−dÉX¡lECe B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, (¢h¢iæ j¡e¤o) fËS¡¢al j−dÉX¡lECe B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, (¢h¢iæ j¡e¤o) fËS¡¢al j−dÉ "" A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j ''"" A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j ''"" A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j ''"" A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j ''
fn¤−cl eÉ¡u pji¡−h fË−k¡SÉzfn¤−cl eÉ¡u pji¡−h fË−k¡SÉzfn¤−cl eÉ¡u pji¡−h fË−k¡SÉzfn¤−cl eÉ¡u pji¡−h fË−k¡SÉz """""""" Ae§L¥m f¢l−hn fË¡ç fËS¡¢a ''Ae§L¥m f¢l−hn fË¡ç fËS¡¢a ''Ae§L¥m f¢l−hn fË¡ç fËS¡¢a ''Ae§L¥m f¢l−hn fË¡ç fËS¡¢a '' H pwNË¡−j ¢hSu£ q−u b¡−LzH pwNË¡−j ¢hSu£ q−u b¡−LzH pwNË¡−j ¢hSu£ q−u b¡−LzH pwNË¡−j ¢hSu£ q−u b¡−Lz
X¡lEC−el j−a H pLm " p¤¢hd¡fÊ¡ç ' fËS¡¢a q−m¡ CE−l¡f£u ®nÄaL¡u S¡¢a pj§qz H¢nu¡ JX¡lEC−el j−a H pLm " p¤¢hd¡fÊ¡ç ' fËS¡¢a q−m¡ CE−l¡f£u ®nÄaL¡u S¡¢a pj§qz H¢nu¡ JX¡lEC−el j−a H pLm " p¤¢hd¡fÊ¡ç ' fËS¡¢a q−m¡ CE−l¡f£u ®nÄaL¡u S¡¢a pj§qz H¢nu¡ JX¡lEC−el j−a H pLm " p¤¢hd¡fÊ¡ç ' fËS¡¢a q−m¡ CE−l¡f£u ®nÄaL¡u S¡¢a pj§qz H¢nu¡ J
B¢éL¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢a ""B¢éL¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢a ""B¢éL¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢a ""B¢éL¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢a "" A¢Ù¹−aÄl H pwNË¡−j ¢f¢R−uA¢Ù¹−aÄl H pwNË¡−j ¢f¢R−uA¢Ù¹−aÄl H pwNË¡−j ¢f¢R−uA¢Ù¹−aÄl H pwNË¡−j ¢f¢R−u l−u−R h¡ a¡l¡ q−m¡ ¢f¢R−u fs¡ Se−N¡¢ùzl−u−R h¡ a¡l¡ q−m¡ ¢f¢R−u fs¡ Se−N¡¢ùzl−u−R h¡ a¡l¡ q−m¡ ¢f¢R−u fs¡ Se−N¡¢ùzl−u−R h¡ a¡l¡ q−m¡ ¢f¢R−u fs¡ Se−N¡¢ùz

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¢a¢e B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, H fË¢a¢e B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, H fË¢a¢e B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, H fË¢a¢e B−l¡ c¡h£ L−le ®k, H fËS¡¢a pj§q ¢hnÄhÉ¡f£ "" A¢Ø¹−aÄl pwNË¡−j pÇf§eÑl©−f fl¡¢SaS¡¢a pj§q ¢hnÄhÉ¡f£ "" A¢Ø¹−aÄl pwNË¡−j pÇf§eÑl©−f fl¡¢SaS¡¢a pj§q ¢hnÄhÉ¡f£ "" A¢Ø¹−aÄl pwNË¡−j pÇf§eÑl©−f fl¡¢SaS¡¢a pj§q ¢hnÄhÉ¡f£ "" A¢Ø¹−aÄl pwNË¡−j pÇf§eÑl©−f fl¡¢Sa
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""na¡ë£l Nee¡u Ac§l i¢hoÉ−a piÉ fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o AhnÉC ApiÉ J hhÑl fËS¡¢al""na¡ë£l Nee¡u Ac§l i¢hoÉ−a piÉ fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o AhnÉC ApiÉ J hhÑl fËS¡¢al""na¡ë£l Nee¡u Ac§l i¢hoÉ−a piÉ fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o AhnÉC ApiÉ J hhÑl fËS¡¢al""na¡ë£l Nee¡u Ac§l i¢hoÉ−a piÉ fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o AhnÉC ApiÉ J hhÑl fËS¡¢al
Se−N¡ù£−L fª¢bh£ ®b−L ¢ej§m Ll−h Hhw a¡−cl Øq¡e A¢dL¡l Ll−hz j¡e¤o a¡l ¢eLVaj fËS¡¢aSe−N¡ù£−L fª¢bh£ ®b−L ¢ej§m Ll−h Hhw a¡−cl Øq¡e A¢dL¡l Ll−hz j¡e¤o a¡l ¢eLVaj fËS¡¢aSe−N¡ù£−L fª¢bh£ ®b−L ¢ej§m Ll−h Hhw a¡−cl Øq¡e A¢dL¡l Ll−hz j¡e¤o a¡l ¢eLVaj fËS¡¢aSe−N¡ù£−L fª¢bh£ ®b−L ¢ej§m Ll−h Hhw a¡−cl Øq¡e A¢dL¡l Ll−hz j¡e¤o a¡l ¢eLVaj fËS¡¢a
Hl p¡−b pÇHl p¡−b pÇHl p¡−b pÇHl p¡−b pÇf−LÑl ®r−œ A¢dLal E¾j¤š² J p¤n£m q−hz AbÑ¡v haÑj¡−e (1859 p¡−m) A¡¢éL¡lf−LÑl ®r−œ A¢dLal E¾j¤š² J p¤n£m q−hz AbÑ¡v haÑj¡−e (1859 p¡−m) A¡¢éL¡lf−LÑl ®r−œ A¢dLal E¾j¤š² J p¤n£m q−hz AbÑ¡v haÑj¡−e (1859 p¡−m) A¡¢éL¡lf−LÑl ®r−œ A¢dLal E¾j¤š² J p¤n£m q−hz AbÑ¡v haÑj¡−e (1859 p¡−m) A¡¢éL¡l
¢e−NË¡ h¡ A−øÊ¢mu¡e (B¢ch¡p£ ) Hhw N¢lm¡−cl p¡−b ®k, dl−el BQlZ Ll¡ qu a¡ L−Ln£u¢e−NË¡ h¡ A−øÊ¢mu¡e (B¢ch¡p£ ) Hhw N¢lm¡−cl p¡−b ®k, dl−el BQlZ Ll¡ qu a¡ L−Ln£u¢e−NË¡ h¡ A−øÊ¢mu¡e (B¢ch¡p£ ) Hhw N¢lm¡−cl p¡−b ®k, dl−el BQlZ Ll¡ qu a¡ L−Ln£u¢e−NË¡ h¡ A−øÊ¢mu¡e (B¢ch¡p£ ) Hhw N¢lm¡−cl p¡−b ®k, dl−el BQlZ Ll¡ qu a¡ L−Ln£u ----
CE−l¡f£u Hhw AeÉ ®hh¤e fËi«¢a ¢ejÀ fËS¡¢al ®b−L Eæa ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡ k¡uz''CE−l¡f£u Hhw AeÉ ®hh¤e fËi«¢a ¢ejÀ fËS¡¢al ®b−L Eæa ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡ k¡uz''CE−l¡f£u Hhw AeÉ ®hh¤e fËi«¢a ¢ejÀ fËS¡¢al ®b−L Eæa ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡ k¡uz''CE−l¡f£u Hhw AeÉ ®hh¤e fËi«¢a ¢ejÀ fËS¡¢al ®b−L Eæa ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll¡ k¡uz''
The Origin of Species Hl AeÉœ ¢a¢e c¡¢h L−l−Re ®k, Ae¤æa fËS¡¢al Se−N¡ù£ dÄwpHl AeÉœ ¢a¢e c¡¢h L−l−Re ®k, Ae¤æa fËS¡¢al Se−N¡ù£ dÄwpHl AeÉœ ¢a¢e c¡¢h L−l−Re ®k, Ae¤æa fËS¡¢al Se−N¡ù£ dÄwpHl AeÉœ ¢a¢e c¡¢h L−l−Re ®k, Ae¤æa fËS¡¢al Se−N¡ù£ dÄwp
q−u k¡Ju¡ E¢Qaz Eæa fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o−cl a¡−cl S£¢ha J lr¡ Ll¡l ®L¡e fË−u¡Se£ua¡ e¡Czq−u k¡Ju¡ E¢Qaz Eæa fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o−cl a¡−cl S£¢ha J lr¡ Ll¡l ®L¡e fË−u¡Se£ua¡ e¡Czq−u k¡Ju¡ E¢Qaz Eæa fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o−cl a¡−cl S£¢ha J lr¡ Ll¡l ®L¡e fË−u¡Se£ua¡ e¡Czq−u k¡Ju¡ E¢Qaz Eæa fËS¡¢al j¡e¤o−cl a¡−cl S£¢ha J lr¡ Ll¡l ®L¡e fË−u¡Se£ua¡ e¡Cz
¢a¢e fn¤ fËSee J fË¢af¡m−el fÜ¢al p¡−b ¢hou¢V a¥me¡ L−l E−õM L−le ®k x¢a¢e fn¤ fËSee J fË¢af¡m−el fÜ¢al p¡−b ¢hou¢V a¥me¡ L−l E−õM L−le ®k x¢a¢e fn¤ fËSee J fË¢af¡m−el fÜ¢al p¡−b ¢hou¢V a¥me¡ L−l E−õM L−le ®k x¢a¢e fn¤ fËSee J fË¢af¡m−el fÜ¢al p¡−b ¢hou¢V a¥me¡ L−l E−õM L−le ®k x
"" Ae¤æa Se−N¡ù£l p¡−b p¡−b k¡l"" Ae¤æa Se−N¡ù£l p¡−b p¡−b k¡l"" Ae¤æa Se−N¡ù£l p¡−b p¡−b k¡l"" Ae¤æa Se−N¡ù£l p¡−b p¡−b k¡l¡ n¡¢l¢lL J j¡e¢pLi¡−h c¤hÑm a¡−cl A¢Q−lC ¢ej§Ñm¡ n¡¢l¢lL J j¡e¢pLi¡−h c¤hÑm a¡−cl A¢Q−lC ¢ej§Ñm¡ n¡¢l¢lL J j¡e¢pLi¡−h c¤hÑm a¡−cl A¢Q−lC ¢ej§Ñm¡ n¡¢l¢lL J j¡e¢pLi¡−h c¤hÑm a¡−cl A¢Q−lC ¢ej§Ñm
Ll¡ q−h Hhw k¡l¡ p¡d¡leax p¤ü¡−ØqÉl A¢dL¡l£ a¡l¡C ¢V−L b¡L−hz Bjl¡ piÉ j¡e¤ol¡ HCLl¡ q−h Hhw k¡l¡ p¡d¡leax p¤ü¡−ØqÉl A¢dL¡l£ a¡l¡C ¢V−L b¡L−hz Bjl¡ piÉ j¡e¤ol¡ HCLl¡ q−h Hhw k¡l¡ p¡d¡leax p¤ü¡−ØqÉl A¢dL¡l£ a¡l¡C ¢V−L b¡L−hz Bjl¡ piÉ j¡e¤ol¡ HCLl¡ q−h Hhw k¡l¡ p¡d¡leax p¤ü¡−ØqÉl A¢dL¡l£ a¡l¡C ¢V−L b¡L−hz Bjl¡ piÉ j¡e¤ol¡ HC
¢ej§Ñm fË¢œ²u¡u h¡d¡ ¢c−u b¡¢L, Bjl¡ f¡Nm J c§hÑm−cl, j¡e¢pL −l¡NNËØa−cl SeÉ q¡pf¡a¡m J¢ej§Ñm fË¢œ²u¡u h¡d¡ ¢c−u b¡¢L, Bjl¡ f¡Nm J c§hÑm−cl, j¡e¢pL −l¡NNËØa−cl SeÉ q¡pf¡a¡m J¢ej§Ñm fË¢œ²u¡u h¡d¡ ¢c−u b¡¢L, Bjl¡ f¡Nm J c§hÑm−cl, j¡e¢pL −l¡NNËØa−cl SeÉ q¡pf¡a¡m J¢ej§Ñm fË¢œ²u¡u h¡d¡ ¢c−u b¡¢L, Bjl¡ f¡Nm J c§hÑm−cl, j¡e¢pL −l¡NNËØa−cl SeÉ q¡pf¡a¡m J
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L−l−Rz Aa£−a k¡l¡ n¡¢ll£Li¡−h c§hÑm ¢L−l−Rz Aa£−a k¡l¡ n¡¢ll£Li¡−h c§hÑm ¢L−l−Rz Aa£−a k¡l¡ n¡¢ll£Li¡−h c§hÑm ¢L−l−Rz Aa£−a k¡l¡ n¡¢ll£Li¡−h c§hÑm ¢Rm a¡l¡ …¢V hp−¿¹ jªa¥É j§−M f¢aa q−a¡z p¤n£mRm a¡l¡ …¢V hp−¿¹ jªa¥É j§−M f¢aa q−a¡z p¤n£mRm a¡l¡ …¢V hp−¿¹ jªa¥É j§−M f¢aa q−a¡z p¤n£mRm a¡l¡ …¢V hp−¿¹ jªa¥É j§−M f¢aa q−a¡z p¤n£m
pj¡−Sl c§hÑm hÉ¢š²hNÑ, H pLm LjÑL¡ä−L a¡−cl cu¡ ¢qp¡−h fËQ¡le¡ Q¡m¡ez k¡l¡ fö fËSeepj¡−Sl c§hÑm hÉ¢š²hNÑ, H pLm LjÑL¡ä−L a¡−cl cu¡ ¢qp¡−h fËQ¡le¡ Q¡m¡ez k¡l¡ fö fËSeepj¡−Sl c§hÑm hÉ¢š²hNÑ, H pLm LjÑL¡ä−L a¡−cl cu¡ ¢qp¡−h fËQ¡le¡ Q¡m¡ez k¡l¡ fö fËSeepj¡−Sl c§hÑm hÉ¢š²hNÑ, H pLm LjÑL¡ä−L a¡−cl cu¡ ¢qp¡−h fËQ¡le¡ Q¡m¡ez k¡l¡ fö fËSee
fË¢œ²u¡ fkÑ−hre L−l−Re a¡l¡ AhnÉC p−¾cq Ll−he ®k, H dl−el LjÑL¡ä j¡eh fËS¡¢alfË¢œ²u¡ fkÑ−hre L−l−Re a¡l¡ AhnÉC p−¾cq Ll−he ®k, H dl−el LjÑL¡ä j¡eh fËS¡¢alfË¢œ²u¡ fkÑ−hre L−l−Re a¡l¡ AhnÉC p−¾cq Ll−he ®k, H dl−el LjÑL¡ä j¡eh fËS¡¢alfË¢œ²u¡ fkÑ−hre L−l−Re a¡l¡ AhnÉC p−¾cq Ll−he ®k, H dl−el LjÑL¡ä j¡eh fËS¡¢al
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Stephen Jay Gould a¡l f¤ØaLa¡l f¤ØaLa¡l f¤ØaLa¡l f¤ØaL The Mismeasure of Man Hl a«a£u AdÉ¡−u E−õMHl a«a£u AdÉ¡−u E−õMHl a«a£u AdÉ¡−u E−õMHl a«a£u AdÉ¡−u E−õM
L−l−ReL−l−ReL−l−ReL−l−Re ®k, ¢LR¤ pwMÉL eªašÆ¢hc, ®nÄa¡wN®cl ab¡L¢ba ®nËùaÄ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ J®k, ¢LR¤ pwMÉL eªašÆ¢hc, ®nÄa¡wN®cl ab¡L¢ba ®nËùaÄ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ J®k, ¢LR¤ pwMÉL eªašÆ¢hc, ®nÄa¡wN®cl ab¡L¢ba ®nËùaÄ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ J®k, ¢LR¤ pwMÉL eªašÆ¢hc, ®nÄa¡wN®cl ab¡L¢ba ®nËùaÄ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ J
Ef¡š hÉhq¡l L−l−RezEf¡š hÉhq¡l L−l−RezEf¡š hÉhq¡l L−l−RezEf¡š hÉhq¡l L−l−Rez Gould Hl j−a H fË¢œ²u¡u a¡−cl ®cM¡/f¡Ju¡ S£h¡nÈ, j¡b¡l M¤¢m JHl j−a H fË¢œ²u¡u a¡−cl ®cM¡/f¡Ju¡ S£h¡nÈ, j¡b¡l M¤¢m JHl j−a H fË¢œ²u¡u a¡−cl ®cM¡/f¡Ju¡ S£h¡nÈ, j¡b¡l M¤¢m JHl j−a H fË¢œ²u¡u a¡−cl ®cM¡/f¡Ju¡ S£h¡nÈ, j¡b¡l M¤¢m J
j¢Øa−Ll BL¡l pÇf−LÑ ¢jbÉ¡Q¡l L−l−Rez a¡−cl d¡le¡ ¢Rm j¡eh h¤¢Ühª¢šl p¡−b j¢Øa−Llj¢Øa−Ll BL¡l pÇf−LÑ ¢jbÉ¡Q¡l L−l−Rez a¡−cl d¡le¡ ¢Rm j¡eh h¤¢Ühª¢šl p¡−b j¢Øa−Llj¢Øa−Ll BL¡l pÇf−LÑ ¢jbÉ¡Q¡l L−l−Rez a¡−cl d¡le¡ ¢Rm j¡eh h¤¢Ühª¢šl p¡−b j¢Øa−Llj¢Øa−Ll BL¡l pÇf−LÑ ¢jbÉ¡Q¡l L−l−Rez a¡−cl d¡le¡ ¢Rm j¡eh h¤¢Ühª¢šl p¡−b j¢Øa−Ll
BL¡−ll HL¢VBL¡−ll HL¢VBL¡−ll HL¢VBL¡−ll HL¢V pÇfLÑ B−Rz A−eL eªašÆ¢hc L−Ln£u−cl M¤¢ml BL¡l CµR¡L«ai¡−h hs ®c¢M−upÇfLÑ B−Rz A−eL eªašÆ¢hc L−Ln£u−cl M¤¢ml BL¡l CµR¡L«ai¡−h hs ®c¢M−upÇfLÑ B−Rz A−eL eªašÆ¢hc L−Ln£u−cl M¤¢ml BL¡l CµR¡L«ai¡−h hs ®c¢M−upÇfLÑ B−Rz A−eL eªašÆ¢hc L−Ln£u−cl M¤¢ml BL¡l CµR¡L«ai¡−h hs ®c¢M−u
i¡la£u J L¡−m¡ Se−N¡¢ùl h¤¢Ü Lj ¢qp¡−h EfØq¡fe L−l−Rez k¡ ¢Rm ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡l e¡−ji¡la£u J L¡−m¡ Se−N¡¢ùl h¤¢Ü Lj ¢qp¡−h EfØq¡fe L−l−Rez k¡ ¢Rm ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡l e¡−ji¡la£u J L¡−m¡ Se−N¡¢ùl h¤¢Ü Lj ¢qp¡−h EfØq¡fe L−l−Rez k¡ ¢Rm ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡l e¡−ji¡la£u J L¡−m¡ Se−N¡¢ùl h¤¢Ü Lj ¢qp¡−h EfØq¡fe L−l−Rez k¡ ¢Rm ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡l e¡−j
L−l ®Q±kÑhª¢š/®S¡µQ¤¡l£ h¡ S¡¢mu¡¢azL−l ®Q±kÑhª¢š/®S¡µQ¤¡l£ h¡ S¡¢mu¡¢azL−l ®Q±kÑhª¢š/®S¡µQ¤¡l£ h¡ S¡¢mu¡¢azL−l ®Q±kÑhª¢š/®S¡µQ¤¡l£ h¡ S¡¢mu¡¢az
Gould a¡l f¤ØaLa¡l f¤ØaLa¡l f¤ØaLa¡l f¤ØaL Ever Since Darwin H E−õM L−l−Re ®k, ¢LR¤ ¢hL«aH E−õM L−l−Re ®k, ¢LR¤ ¢hL«aH E−õM L−l−Re ®k, ¢LR¤ ¢hL«aH E−õM L−l−Re ®k, ¢LR¤ ¢hL«a a−bÉla−bÉla−bÉla−bÉl
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Hacekel J a¡l pwN£l¡J Eš−ll ®nÄa¡wN Se−N¡¢ùl ®nËùaÄ fËj¡−el SeÉ ®S¡l c¡h£ E›¡feJ a¡l pwN£l¡J Eš−ll ®nÄa¡wN Se−N¡¢ùl ®nËùaÄ fËj¡−el SeÉ ®S¡l c¡h£ E›¡feJ a¡l pwN£l¡J Eš−ll ®nÄa¡wN Se−N¡¢ùl ®nËùaÄ fËj¡−el SeÉ ®S¡l c¡h£ E›¡feJ a¡l pwN£l¡J Eš−ll ®nÄa¡wN Se−N¡¢ùl ®nËùaÄ fËj¡−el SeÉ ®S¡l c¡h£ E›¡fe
L−lez j¡eh nl£l J a¡l hÉhq¡l pÇfL£Ña ¢h¢iæ S£h¡nÈ J AeÉ¡eÉ fËj¡e¡¢c (j¢ØaL ®bL−lez j¡eh nl£l J a¡l hÉhq¡l pÇfL£Ña ¢h¢iæ S£h¡nÈ J AeÉ¡eÉ fËj¡e¡¢c (j¢ØaL ®bL−lez j¡eh nl£l J a¡l hÉhq¡l pÇfL£Ña ¢h¢iæ S£h¡nÈ J AeÉ¡eÉ fËj¡e¡¢c (j¢ØaL ®bL−lez j¡eh nl£l J a¡l hÉhq¡l pÇfL£Ña ¢h¢iæ S£h¡nÈ J AeÉ¡eÉ fËj¡e¡¢c (j¢ØaL ®b−L−L−L−L
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Herbert Spencer ¢m−M®Re x¢m−M®Re x¢m−M®Re x¢m−M®Re x ""ApiÉ−cl h¤¢Ühª¢šJ a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl j−dÉ f¤el¡hª¢š O−Vz''""ApiÉ−cl h¤¢Ühª¢šJ a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl j−dÉ f¤el¡hª¢š O−Vz''""ApiÉ−cl h¤¢Ühª¢šJ a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl j−dÉ f¤el¡hª¢š O−Vz''""ApiÉ−cl h¤¢Ühª¢šJ a¡−cl p¿¹¡e−cl j−dÉ f¤el¡hª¢š O−Vz''
1864 p¡−m1864 p¡−m1864 p¡−m1864 p¡−m Carl Vogt M¤h ®S¡−lM¤h ®S¡−lM¤h ®S¡−lM¤h ®S¡−l----®n¡−l hm−a öl² L−le ®k,®n¡−l hm−a öl² L−le ®k,®n¡−l hm−a öl² L−le ®k,®n¡−l hm−a öl² L−le ®k, "" HLSe f§eÑ huØL ¢e−NË¡l"" HLSe f§eÑ huØL ¢e−NË¡l"" HLSe f§eÑ huØL ¢e−NË¡l"" HLSe f§eÑ huØL ¢e−NË¡l
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¢qp¡−h a¡−cl Ad£e ¢Rm ®p pjØa ®c−nl SeNe¢qp¡−h a¡−cl Ad£e ¢Rm ®p pjØa ®c−nl SeNe¢qp¡−h a¡−cl Ad£e ¢Rm ®p pjØa ®c−nl SeNe¢qp¡−h a¡−cl Ad£e ¢Rm ®p pjØa ®c−nl SeNe "" B¢ch¡p£ '' "" fö p¤mi S£h¿¹ fË¡e£''"" B¢ch¡p£ '' "" fö p¤mi S£h¿¹ fË¡e£''"" B¢ch¡p£ '' "" fö p¤mi S£h¿¹ fË¡e£''"" B¢ch¡p£ '' "" fö p¤mi S£h¿¹ fË¡e£''
¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡z ®k pLm Se−N¡¢ù−L hÉ¡¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡z ®k pLm Se−N¡¢ù−L hÉ¡¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡z ®k pLm Se−N¡¢ù−L hÉ¡¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡z ®k pLm Se−N¡¢ù−L hÉ¡fLi¡−h qaÉ¡ Ll¡, h¡ k¡−cl p¡−b Aj¡e¢hL BQlZfLi¡−h qaÉ¡ Ll¡, h¡ k¡−cl p¡−b Aj¡e¢hL BQlZfLi¡−h qaÉ¡ Ll¡, h¡ k¡−cl p¡−b Aj¡e¢hL BQlZfLi¡−h qaÉ¡ Ll¡, h¡ k¡−cl p¡−b Aj¡e¢hL BQlZ
Ll¡ q−µR a¡l¡ fËLªa f−r ü¡i¡¢hL j¡eh p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡ "" AdÑ j¡ehLl¡ q−µR a¡l¡ fËLªa f−r ü¡i¡¢hL j¡eh p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡ "" AdÑ j¡ehLl¡ q−µR a¡l¡ fËLªa f−r ü¡i¡¢hL j¡eh p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡ "" AdÑ j¡ehLl¡ q−µR a¡l¡ fËLªa f−r ü¡i¡¢hL j¡eh p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡ "" AdÑ j¡eh ----AdÑ föz '' a¡CAdÑ föz '' a¡CAdÑ föz '' a¡CAdÑ föz '' a¡C
a¡−cl p¡−b ®k ¢eù¥l BQlZ Ll¡ q−µR a¡ Afl¡d eu HV¡ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ f’cn J ®o¡sna¡−cl p¡−b ®k ¢eù¥l BQlZ Ll¡ q−µR a¡ Afl¡d eu HV¡ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ f’cn J ®o¡sna¡−cl p¡−b ®k ¢eù¥l BQlZ Ll¡ q−µR a¡ Afl¡d eu HV¡ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ f’cn J ®o¡sna¡−cl p¡−b ®k ¢eù¥l BQlZ Ll¡ q−µR a¡ Afl¡d eu HV¡ fËj¡e Ll¡l SeÉ f’cn J ®o¡sn
na¡ë£−a Ef¢e−hnh¡c fª¢bh£−a fËhaÑ−el pju ®b−L Hna¡ë£−a Ef¢e−hnh¡c fª¢bh£−a fËhaÑ−el pju ®b−L Hna¡ë£−a Ef¢e−hnh¡c fª¢bh£−a fËhaÑ−el pju ®b−L Hna¡ë£−a Ef¢e−hnh¡c fª¢bh£−a fËhaÑ−el pju ®b−L H dl−e a¡¢šÆL Ae¤på¡e AhÉ¡qa ¢Rmzdl−e a¡¢šÆL Ae¤på¡e AhÉ¡qa ¢Rmzdl−e a¡¢šÆL Ae¤på¡e AhÉ¡qa ¢Rmzdl−e a¡¢šÆL Ae¤på¡e AhÉ¡qa ¢Rmz
Chirstopher Columbus a¡l B−j¢lL¡ k¡œ¡l pju c¡h£ L−le ®k, −L¡e ®L¡e Se−N¡¢ù AdÑa¡l B−j¢lL¡ k¡œ¡l pju c¡h£ L−le ®k, −L¡e ®L¡e Se−N¡¢ù AdÑa¡l B−j¢lL¡ k¡œ¡l pju c¡h£ L−le ®k, −L¡e ®L¡e Se−N¡¢ù AdÑa¡l B−j¢lL¡ k¡œ¡l pju c¡h£ L−le ®k, −L¡e ®L¡e Se−N¡¢ù AdÑ----
föl Q¡¢l¢œL ®~h¢nø pÇfæz HC c¡h£ Ae¤k¡u£ B−j¢lL¡l B¢ch¡p£Ne je¤oÉ p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡föl Q¡¢l¢œL ®~h¢nø pÇfæz HC c¡h£ Ae¤k¡u£ B−j¢lL¡l B¢ch¡p£Ne je¤oÉ p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡föl Q¡¢l¢œL ®~h¢nø pÇfæz HC c¡h£ Ae¤k¡u£ B−j¢lL¡l B¢ch¡p£Ne je¤oÉ p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡föl Q¡¢l¢œL ®~h¢nø pÇfæz HC c¡h£ Ae¤k¡u£ B−j¢lL¡l B¢ch¡p£Ne je¤oÉ p¿¹¡e eu hlw a¡l¡
HL dl−el Eæa fö fËS¡¢alz H L¡l−e a¡−cl−L Øq¡e£u Ef¢e−hnh¡cHL dl−el Eæa fö fËS¡¢alz H L¡l−e a¡−cl−L Øq¡e£u Ef¢e−hnh¡cHL dl−el Eæa fö fËS¡¢alz H L¡l−e a¡−cl−L Øq¡e£u Ef¢e−hnh¡cHL dl−el Eæa fö fËS¡¢alz H L¡l−e a¡−cl−L Øq¡e£u Ef¢e−hnh¡c£−cl ®ph¡u ¢e−u¡¢Sa£−cl ®ph¡u ¢e−u¡¢Sa£−cl ®ph¡u ¢e−u¡¢Sa£−cl ®ph¡u ¢e−u¡¢Sa
Ll¡ k¡uzLl¡ k¡uzLl¡ k¡uzLl¡ k¡uz
B−j¢lL¡ B¢h×L¡l pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢p−ej¡…¢m−aB−j¢lL¡ B¢h×L¡l pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢p−ej¡…¢m−aB−j¢lL¡ B¢h×L¡l pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢p−ej¡…¢m−aB−j¢lL¡ B¢h×L¡l pwœ²¡¿¹ ¢p−ej¡…¢m−a Chirstopher Columbus −L kaC Øq¡e£u−L kaC Øq¡e£u−L kaC Øq¡e£u−L kaC Øq¡e£u
Sep¡d¡l−el fË¢a cu¡m¤, q²cuh¡e J ejË ¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡ ®q¡L e¡ ®Le fËL«af−r ¢a¢eSep¡d¡l−el fË¢a cu¡m¤, q²cuh¡e J ejË ¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡ ®q¡L e¡ ®Le fËL«af−r ¢a¢eSep¡d¡l−el fË¢a cu¡m¤, q²cuh¡e J ejË ¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡ ®q¡L e¡ ®Le fËL«af−r ¢a¢eSep¡d¡l−el fË¢a cu¡m¤, q²cuh¡e J ejË ¢qp¡−h ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡ ®q¡L e¡ ®Le fËL«af−r ¢a¢e
"®e¢Vi' B−j¢lL¡e−cl je¤oÉfc h¡QÉ ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−ae e¡z"®e¢Vi' B−j¢lL¡e−cl je¤oÉfc h¡QÉ ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−ae e¡z"®e¢Vi' B−j¢lL¡e−cl je¤oÉfc h¡QÉ ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−ae e¡z"®e¢Vi' B−j¢lL¡e−cl je¤oÉfc h¡QÉ ¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−ae e¡z

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Chirstopher Columbus fËb−jC −pM¡−e hÉ¡fL NeqaÉ¡ pwO¢Va L−lez ¢a¢e ®kfËb−jC −pM¡−e hÉ¡fL NeqaÉ¡ pwO¢Va L−lez ¢a¢e ®kfËb−jC −pM¡−e hÉ¡fL NeqaÉ¡ pwO¢Va L−lez ¢a¢e ®kfËb−jC −pM¡−e hÉ¡fL NeqaÉ¡ pwO¢Va L−lez ¢a¢e ®k
pjØa ®cn B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re, ®p N¤¢m Ef¢e−h−n f¢lea L−le Hhw ""®e¢Vi−cl'' œ²£ac¡ppjØa ®cn B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re, ®p N¤¢m Ef¢e−h−n f¢lea L−le Hhw ""®e¢Vi−cl'' œ²£ac¡ppjØa ®cn B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re, ®p N¤¢m Ef¢e−h−n f¢lea L−le Hhw ""®e¢Vi−cl'' œ²£ac¡ppjØa ®cn B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re, ®p N¤¢m Ef¢e−h−n f¢lea L−le Hhw ""®e¢Vi−cl'' œ²£ac¡p
¢qp¡−h hÉhq¡l L−lez c¡p hÉhp¡ öl² Ll¡l¢qp¡−h hÉhq¡l L−lez c¡p hÉhp¡ öl² Ll¡l¢qp¡−h hÉhq¡l L−lez c¡p hÉhp¡ öl² Ll¡l¢qp¡−h hÉhq¡l L−lez c¡p hÉhp¡ öl² Ll¡l ""L«¢aaÄ ''""L«¢aaÄ ''""L«¢aaÄ ''""L«¢aaÄ '' a¡−LC ®cJu¡ k¡uz ®Øfe£ua¡−LC ®cJu¡ k¡uz ®Øfe£ua¡−LC ®cJu¡ k¡uz ®Øfe£ua¡−LC ®cJu¡ k¡uz ®Øfe£u
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pj§q hÉ¡fL BL¡l d¡le L−lz Ec¡qlZ ül©f E−õM Ll¡ k¡u, ®L¡e à£−fpj§q hÉ¡fL BL¡l d¡le L−lz Ec¡qlZ ül©f E−õM Ll¡ k¡u, ®L¡e à£−fpj§q hÉ¡fL BL¡l d¡le L−lz Ec¡qlZ ül©f E−õM Ll¡ k¡u, ®L¡e à£−fpj§q hÉ¡fL BL¡l d¡le L−lz Ec¡qlZ ül©f E−õM Ll¡ k¡u, ®L¡e à£−f Columbus fËbjfËbjfËbjfËbj
BNje L−le aMe Hl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 200000z ¢hn hRl fl H pwMÉ¡ cy¡s¡u 50,000 HhwBNje L−le aMe Hl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 200000z ¢hn hRl fl H pwMÉ¡ cy¡s¡u 50,000 HhwBNje L−le aMe Hl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 200000z ¢hn hRl fl H pwMÉ¡ cy¡s¡u 50,000 HhwBNje L−le aMe Hl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 200000z ¢hn hRl fl H pwMÉ¡ cy¡s¡u 50,000 Hhw
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a¡ L−j cy¡s¡u 1 ¢j¢mu−ez 1492 p¡−ma¡ L−j cy¡s¡u 1 ¢j¢mu−ez 1492 p¡−ma¡ L−j cy¡s¡u 1 ¢j¢mu−ez 1492 p¡−ma¡ L−j cy¡s¡u 1 ¢j¢mu−ez 1492 p¡−m Hispaniola à£−f SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 7à£−f SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 7à£−f SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 7à£−f SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 7----8 ¢j¢mue k¡, 14968 ¢j¢mue k¡, 14968 ¢j¢mue k¡, 14968 ¢j¢mue k¡, 1496
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(1492 p¡m) aMe Ef¢e−h−nl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 30 ¢j¢muez aMe −b−L AcÉ¡h¢d NZ qaÉ¡l(1492 p¡m) aMe Ef¢e−h−nl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 30 ¢j¢muez aMe −b−L AcÉ¡h¢d NZ qaÉ¡l(1492 p¡m) aMe Ef¢e−h−nl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 30 ¢j¢muez aMe −b−L AcÉ¡h¢d NZ qaÉ¡l(1492 p¡m) aMe Ef¢e−h−nl SepwMÉ¡ ¢Rm 30 ¢j¢muez aMe −b−L AcÉ¡h¢d NZ qaÉ¡l
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j¡−W a¡s¡ L−l, ¢QvL¡l L−l, ¢hâ²f L−l,j¡−W a¡s¡ L−l, ¢QvL¡l L−l, ¢hâ²f L−l,j¡−W a¡s¡ L−l, ¢QvL¡l L−l, ¢hâ²f L−l,j¡−W a¡s¡ L−l, ¢QvL¡l L−l, ¢hâ²f L−l, a£hË ¢QvL¡l J qa£hË ¢QvL¡l J qa£hË ¢QvL¡l J qa£hË ¢QvL¡l J q––––−N¡m Ll−a b¡−Lz ®Lq ®Lq a¡l−N¡m Ll−a b¡−Lz ®Lq ®Lq a¡l−N¡m Ll−a b¡−Lz ®Lq ®Lq a¡l−N¡m Ll−a b¡−Lz ®Lq ®Lq a¡l
fy¡S−l Ny¤a¡ j¡−l, ®Lq ®Lq e¡Q−a b¡−L , ph¡C a¡−L E−ŸnÉ L−l q¡pÉ f¢lq¡p Ll−a b¡−Lz''fy¡S−l Ny¤a¡ j¡−l, ®Lq ®Lq e¡Q−a b¡−L , ph¡C a¡−L E−ŸnÉ L−l q¡pÉ f¢lq¡p Ll−a b¡−Lz''fy¡S−l Ny¤a¡ j¡−l, ®Lq ®Lq e¡Q−a b¡−L , ph¡C a¡−L E−ŸnÉ L−l q¡pÉ f¢lq¡p Ll−a b¡−Lz''fy¡S−l Ny¤a¡ j¡−l, ®Lq ®Lq e¡Q−a b¡−L , ph¡C a¡−L E−ŸnÉ L−l q¡pÉ f¢lq¡p Ll−a b¡−Lz''
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¢h−no L−l ®p kMe ¢ekÑ¡ae J ¢eù¥la¡l ¢nL¡l q−u−Rz HV¡ HLV¡ m‹¡, Oªe¡ J c§iÑ¡NÉSe¢h−no L−l ®p kMe ¢ekÑ¡ae J ¢eù¥la¡l ¢nL¡l q−u−Rz HV¡ HLV¡ m‹¡, Oªe¡ J c§iÑ¡NÉSe¢h−no L−l ®p kMe ¢ekÑ¡ae J ¢eù¥la¡l ¢nL¡l q−u−Rz HV¡ HLV¡ m‹¡, Oªe¡ J c§iÑ¡NÉSe¢h−no L−l ®p kMe ¢ekÑ¡ae J ¢eù¥la¡l ¢nL¡l q−u−Rz HV¡ HLV¡ m‹¡, Oªe¡ J c§iÑ¡NÉSeLLLL
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®fËle L−l−Re, ®pC HLC j¡e¤−ol n¡l£¢lL c§hÑma¡ S¢ea L¡l−e a¡−L My¡Q¡u f¤−l Sepj−r ®qu®fËle L−l−Re, ®pC HLC j¡e¤−ol n¡l£¢lL c§hÑma¡ S¢ea L¡l−e a¡−L My¡Q¡u f¤−l Sepj−r ®qu®fËle L−l−Re, ®pC HLC j¡e¤−ol n¡l£¢lL c§hÑma¡ S¢ea L¡l−e a¡−L My¡Q¡u f¤−l Sepj−r ®qu®fËle L−l−Re, ®pC HLC j¡e¤−ol n¡l£¢lL c§hÑma¡ S¢ea L¡l−e a¡−L My¡Q¡u f¤−l Sepj−r ®qu
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Ll¡ ®L¡eœ²−jC pwNa euz H dl−el HL¢V B−hcefœ 12 ®p−ÃVðl 1906 p¡−mlLl¡ ®L¡eœ²−jC pwNa euz H dl−el HL¢V B−hcefœ 12 ®p−ÃVðl 1906 p¡−mlLl¡ ®L¡eœ²−jC pwNa euz H dl−el HL¢V B−hcefœ 12 ®p−ÃVðl 1906 p¡−mlLl¡ ®L¡eœ²−jC pwNa euz H dl−el HL¢V B−hcefœ 12 ®p−ÃVðl 1906 p¡−ml New York
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AER, New York, Sept 12.
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HLSe djÑk¡SLHLSe djÑk¡SLHLSe djÑk¡SLHLSe djÑk¡SL Dr. Gilbert h−me, HC fËcnÑe£¢V iu¡hq hÉ¡f¡l Hhw ¢a¢e (h−me, HC fËcnÑe£¢V iu¡hq hÉ¡f¡l Hhw ¢a¢e (h−me, HC fËcnÑe£¢V iu¡hq hÉ¡f¡l Hhw ¢a¢e (h−me, HC fËcnÑe£¢V iu¡hq hÉ¡f¡l Hhw ¢a¢e (Dr. Gilbert) J) J) J) J
AeÉ¡eÉ k¡SLNeAeÉ¡eÉ k¡SLNeAeÉ¡eÉ k¡SLNeAeÉ¡eÉ k¡SLNe Dr. Mac Arthur p¡−b p¡−b HLC OVe¡ ®cM−a Q¡e a¡ q−m¡ x HC h¤njÉ¡e−Lp¡−b p¡−b HLC OVe¡ ®cM−a Q¡e a¡ q−m¡ x HC h¤njÉ¡e−Lp¡−b p¡−b HLC OVe¡ ®cM−a Q¡e a¡ q−m¡ x HC h¤njÉ¡e−Lp¡−b p¡−b HLC OVe¡ ®cM−a Q¡e a¡ q−m¡ x HC h¤njÉ¡e−L
h¡e−ll My¡Q¡ ®b−L j¤š² L−l AeÉ ®L¡b¡u f¡W¡−e qu ''h¡e−ll My¡Q¡ ®b−L j¤š² L−l AeÉ ®L¡b¡u f¡W¡−e qu ''h¡e−ll My¡Q¡ ®b−L j¤š² L−l AeÉ ®L¡b¡u f¡W¡−e qu ''h¡e−ll My¡Q¡ ®b−L j¤š² L−l AeÉ ®L¡b¡u f¡W¡−e qu ''

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H¢c−LH¢c−LH¢c−LH¢c−L Hitler,,,, Treitschke Hl j−a¡C X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢h−no L−lHl j−a¡C X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢h−no L−lHl j−a¡C X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢h−no L−lHl j−a¡C X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢h−no L−l ""¢V−L b¡L¡l SeÉ""¢V−L b¡L¡l SeÉ""¢V−L b¡L¡l SeÉ""¢V−L b¡L¡l SeÉ
pwNË¡j ''pwNË¡j ''pwNË¡j ''pwNË¡j '' ašÆ −b−L a¡l ¢eSü jaašÆ −b−L a¡l ¢eSü jaašÆ −b−L a¡l ¢eSü jaašÆ −b−L a¡l ¢eSü ja¡cnÑ ¢hL¢na L−l¢R−mez a¡l L¥MÉ¡a f¤ØaL¡cnÑ ¢hL¢na L−l¢R−mez a¡l L¥MÉ¡a f¤ØaL¡cnÑ ¢hL¢na L−l¢R−mez a¡l L¥MÉ¡a f¤ØaL¡cnÑ ¢hL¢na L−l¢R−mez a¡l L¥MÉ¡a f¤ØaL Mein Kampf
(My Struggle) “A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j jah¡c''A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j jah¡c''A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j jah¡c''A¢Øa−aÄl SeÉ pwNË¡j jah¡c'' à¡l¡ fËi¡¢haz X¡lEC−el eÉ¡u ¢qVm¡lJà¡l¡ fËi¡¢haz X¡lEC−el eÉ¡u ¢qVm¡lJà¡l¡ fËi¡¢haz X¡lEC−el eÉ¡u ¢qVm¡lJà¡l¡ fËi¡¢haz X¡lEC−el eÉ¡u ¢qVm¡lJ
ACE−l¡f£u Se−N¡¢ù−L h¡el fËS¡¢al A¢a¢lš² ¢LR¤ j−e Ll−ae e¡z ¢a¢e hm−ae "" el¢iLACE−l¡f£u Se−N¡¢ù−L h¡el fËS¡¢al A¢a¢lš² ¢LR¤ j−e Ll−ae e¡z ¢a¢e hm−ae "" el¢iLACE−l¡f£u Se−N¡¢ù−L h¡el fËS¡¢al A¢a¢lš² ¢LR¤ j−e Ll−ae e¡z ¢a¢e hm−ae "" el¢iLACE−l¡f£u Se−N¡¢ù−L h¡el fËS¡¢al A¢a¢lš² ¢LR¤ j−e Ll−ae e¡z ¢a¢e hm−ae "" el¢iL
S¡jÑ¡e S¡¢a−L h¡c ¢c−m hy¡¾c−ll e¡Q R¡s¡ ¢LR¤CS¡jÑ¡e S¡¢a−L h¡c ¢c−m hy¡¾c−ll e¡Q R¡s¡ ¢LR¤CS¡jÑ¡e S¡¢a−L h¡c ¢c−m hy¡¾c−ll e¡Q R¡s¡ ¢LR¤CS¡jÑ¡e S¡¢a−L h¡c ¢c−m hy¡¾c−ll e¡Q R¡s¡ ¢LR¤C b¡L−h e¡z '' 1933 p¡−mb¡L−h e¡z '' 1933 p¡−mb¡L−h e¡z '' 1933 p¡−mb¡L−h e¡z '' 1933 p¡−m Nuremburg HHHH
e¡¢S f¡¢VÑl −n¡i¡k¡œ¡u ¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−lee¡¢S f¡¢VÑl −n¡i¡k¡œ¡u ¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−lee¡¢S f¡¢VÑl −n¡i¡k¡œ¡u ¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−lee¡¢S f¡¢VÑl −n¡i¡k¡œ¡u ¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−le "" HL¢V EµQ h¡ ®nËù(BkÑ)fËS¡¢a Ae¤æa h¡ e£Q"" HL¢V EµQ h¡ ®nËù(BkÑ)fËS¡¢a Ae¤æa h¡ e£Q"" HL¢V EµQ h¡ ®nËù(BkÑ)fËS¡¢a Ae¤æa h¡ e£Q"" HL¢V EµQ h¡ ®nËù(BkÑ)fËS¡¢a Ae¤æa h¡ e£Q
fËS¡¢al SeNe−L n¡pe Ll−h, HV¡ HL¢V A¢dL¡l k¡ Bjl¡ fËL«¢a−a ®cM−a f¡C Hhw HV¡CfËS¡¢al SeNe−L n¡pe Ll−h, HV¡ HL¢V A¢dL¡l k¡ Bjl¡ fËL«¢a−a ®cM−a f¡C Hhw HV¡CfËS¡¢al SeNe−L n¡pe Ll−h, HV¡ HL¢V A¢dL¡l k¡ Bjl¡ fËL«¢a−a ®cM−a f¡C Hhw HV¡CfËS¡¢al SeNe−L n¡pe Ll−h, HV¡ HL¢V A¢dL¡l k¡ Bjl¡ fËL«¢a−a ®cM−a f¡C Hhw HV¡C
HLj¡œ ®h¡dNjÉ J k¤¢š² pwNa A¢dL¡l L¡le HV¡ ®~h‘¡¢eL ¢i¢šHLj¡œ ®h¡dNjÉ J k¤¢š² pwNa A¢dL¡l L¡le HV¡ ®~h‘¡¢eL ¢i¢šHLj¡œ ®h¡dNjÉ J k¤¢š² pwNa A¢dL¡l L¡le HV¡ ®~h‘¡¢eL ¢i¢šHLj¡œ ®h¡dNjÉ J k¤¢š² pwNa A¢dL¡l L¡le HV¡ ®~h‘¡¢eL ¢i¢šl Efl fË¢a¢ùaz''l Efl fË¢a¢ùaz''l Efl fË¢a¢ùaz''l Efl fË¢a¢ùaz'' Hitler
¢k¢e BkÑ S¡¢al ®nËù−aÄ ¢hnÄ¡p£ ¢R−me, L¡lZ ¢a¢e H ®nËùaÄ ¢a¢e HL¢V fËL«¢a fËcš A¢dL¡l¢k¢e BkÑ S¡¢al ®nËù−aÄ ¢hnÄ¡p£ ¢R−me, L¡lZ ¢a¢e H ®nËùaÄ ¢a¢e HL¢V fËL«¢a fËcš A¢dL¡l¢k¢e BkÑ S¡¢al ®nËù−aÄ ¢hnÄ¡p£ ¢R−me, L¡lZ ¢a¢e H ®nËùaÄ ¢a¢e HL¢V fËL«¢a fËcš A¢dL¡l¢k¢e BkÑ S¡¢al ®nËù−aÄ ¢hnÄ¡p£ ¢R−me, L¡lZ ¢a¢e H ®nËùaÄ ¢a¢e HL¢V fËL«¢a fËcš A¢dL¡l
¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−aez¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−aez¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−aez¢qp¡−h ¢h−hQe¡ Ll−aez
Dr. Hentry M Morris i¨af§hÑi¨af§hÑi¨af§hÑi¨af§hÑ President of the Institute for Creation Research,
¢qVm¡−ll¢qVm¡−ll¢qVm¡−ll¢qVm¡−ll Mein Kampf hC −b−L Eઢa ¢c−u E−õMhC −b−L Eઢa ¢c−u E−õMhC −b−L Eઢa ¢c−u E−õMhC −b−L Eઢa ¢c−u E−õM L−l h−me,L−l h−me,L−l h−me,L−l h−me, "" Cý¢c S¡¢a HL¢V j¡e−hal"" Cý¢c S¡¢a HL¢V j¡e−hal"" Cý¢c S¡¢a HL¢V j¡e−hal"" Cý¢c S¡¢a HL¢V j¡e−hal

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Ludmerer E−õM L−le ®k, HC ašÆE−õM L−le ®k, HC ašÆE−õM L−le ®k, HC ašÆE−õM L−le ®k, HC ašÆ Plato HlHlHlHl Republic Hl pjuL¡m ®b−LC Q¡m¤ ¢RmzHl pjuL¡m ®b−LC Q¡m¤ ¢RmzHl pjuL¡m ®b−LC Q¡m¤ ¢RmzHl pjuL¡m ®b−LC Q¡m¤ ¢Rmz
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h¢dÑa pwh¢dÑa pwh¢dÑa pwh¢dÑa pwØLle, k¡ a¡l Q¡Q¡a i¡CØLle, k¡ a¡l Q¡Q¡a i¡CØLle, k¡ a¡l Q¡Q¡a i¡CØLle, k¡ a¡l Q¡Q¡a i¡C Charles Darwin E›¡fe L−l¢R−mezE›¡fe L−l¢R−mezE›¡fe L−l¢R−mezE›¡fe L−l¢R−mez
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Hungarian pj¡−SÉlpj¡−SÉlpj¡−SÉlpj¡−SÉl Chief of Staff, Franz Baron Conrad Von Hoetzendorff fËbj ¢hnÄk¤−ÜlfËbj ¢hnÄk¤−ÜlfËbj ¢hnÄk¤−ÜlfËbj ¢hnÄk¤−Ül
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THURINGEN l¡−SÉl¡−SÉl¡−SÉl¡−SÉ GERA nq−lnq−lnq−lnq−l ELRAHMAN jp¢S−cl S¡e¡m¡ S¤e j¡−p ijp¢S−cl S¡e¡m¡ S¤e j¡−p ijp¢S−cl S¡e¡m¡ S¤e j¡−p ijp¢S−cl S¡e¡m¡ S¤e j¡−p i¡‰¡ quz¡‰¡ quz¡‰¡ quz¡‰¡ quz
Baden Wurttemberg l¡−SÉll¡−SÉll¡−SÉll¡−SÉl EPPingen nq−ll HL¢V a¥L£Ñ jp¢S−cl c¤C¢Vnq−ll HL¢V a¥L£Ñ jp¢S−cl c¤C¢Vnq−ll HL¢V a¥L£Ñ jp¢S−cl c¤C¢Vnq−ll HL¢V a¥L£Ñ jp¢S−cl c¤C¢V Molotov
LL−Vm ¢e−rf Ll¡ quzLL−Vm ¢e−rf Ll¡ quzLL−Vm ¢e−rf Ll¡ quzLL−Vm ¢e−rf Ll¡ quz
Pinneberg HlHlHlHl Utersen Bh¡¢pL Hm¡L¡u Ah¢ØqaBh¡¢pL Hm¡L¡u Ah¢ØqaBh¡¢pL Hm¡L¡u Ah¢ØqaBh¡¢pL Hm¡L¡u Ah¢Øqa Green MosqueH j−m¡Vi LL−VmH j−m¡Vi LL−VmH j−m¡Vi LL−VmH j−m¡Vi LL−Vm
¢e−rf Ll¡ quz¢e−rf Ll¡ quz¢e−rf Ll¡ quz¢e−rf Ll¡ quz Meningen Hl HL¢V a¥L£Ñ−cl Ad§É¢oa hpah¡s£−a A¢NÀ pw−k¡N Ll¡ quzHl HL¢V a¥L£Ñ−cl Ad§É¢oa hpah¡s£−a A¢NÀ pw−k¡N Ll¡ quzHl HL¢V a¥L£Ñ−cl Ad§É¢oa hpah¡s£−a A¢NÀ pw−k¡N Ll¡ quzHl HL¢V a¥L£Ñ−cl Ad§É¢oa hpah¡s£−a A¢NÀ pw−k¡N Ll¡ quz
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p¡−b p¡−b X¡lEq~eh¡−cl fae O−Vz p¢WL S¡e¡l SeÉ fs¤e (p¡−b p¡−b X¡lEq~eh¡−cl fae O−Vz p¢WL S¡e¡l SeÉ fs¤e (p¡−b p¡−b X¡lEq~eh¡−cl fae O−Vz p¢WL S¡e¡l SeÉ fs¤e (p¡−b p¡−b X¡lEq~eh¡−cl fae O−Vz p¢WL S¡e¡l SeÉ fs¤e (The Evolution Deceit By
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S¡¢al L¡−R hÉbÑ ¢qp¡−h fkÑh¢pa q−h H ¢h−hQe¡u a¡l¡ Bd§¢eL ¢h‘¡e N−hoe¡l gm¡gm kac¤lS¡¢al L¡−R hÉbÑ ¢qp¡−h fkÑh¢pa q−h H ¢h−hQe¡u a¡l¡ Bd§¢eL ¢h‘¡e N−hoe¡l gm¡gm kac¤lS¡¢al L¡−R hÉbÑ ¢qp¡−h fkÑh¢pa q−h H ¢h−hQe¡u a¡l¡ Bd§¢eL ¢h‘¡e N−hoe¡l gm¡gm kac¤lS¡¢al L¡−R hÉbÑ ¢qp¡−h fkÑh¢pa q−h H ¢h−hQe¡u a¡l¡ Bd§¢eL ¢h‘¡e N−hoe¡l gm¡gm kac¤l
pñh ®N¡fe Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−lezpñh ®N¡fe Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−lezpñh ®N¡fe Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−lezpñh ®N¡fe Ll¡l ®Qø¡ L−lez

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c−ä ¢hÜ L−l pi¡u hš²ªa¡l j−’ l¡M¡ q−a¡z H dl−el fË¢a¢qwp¡ fl¡ue elj¡wp ir−el ®j¡qc−ä ¢hÜ L−l pi¡u hš²ªa¡l j−’ l¡M¡ q−a¡z H dl−el fË¢a¢qwp¡ fl¡ue elj¡wp ir−el ®j¡qc−ä ¢hÜ L−l pi¡u hš²ªa¡l j−’ l¡M¡ q−a¡z H dl−el fË¢a¢qwp¡ fl¡ue elj¡wp ir−el ®j¡qc−ä ¢hÜ L−l pi¡u hš²ªa¡l j−’ l¡M¡ q−a¡z H dl−el fË¢a¢qwp¡ fl¡ue elj¡wp ir−el ®j¡q
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fÜ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ¢h¢iæa¡ b¡L¡ p−šÆJ Afl¡d…−m¡l fÉ¡V¡eÑ pÇf−LÑfÜ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ¢h¢iæa¡ b¡L¡ p−šÆJ Afl¡d…−m¡l fÉ¡V¡eÑ pÇf−LÑfÜ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ¢h¢iæa¡ b¡L¡ p−šÆJ Afl¡d…−m¡l fÉ¡V¡eÑ pÇf−LÑfÜ¢a Ae¤k¡u£ ¢h¢iæa¡ b¡L¡ p−šÆJ Afl¡d…−m¡l fÉ¡V¡eÑ pÇf−LÑ Afl¡d…¢ml HL¢V pe¡š²LleAfl¡d…¢ml HL¢V pe¡š²LleAfl¡d…¢ml HL¢V pe¡š²LleAfl¡d…¢ml HL¢V pe¡š²Lle
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L−le, ¢L−le, ¢L−le, ¢L−le, ¢a¢e LMeJ H dl−el ¢hï¡¢¿¹j§mL ®M¡c¡−â¡q£ ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£J q−a f¡−le e¡za¢e LMeJ H dl−el ¢hï¡¢¿¹j§mL ®M¡c¡−â¡q£ ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£J q−a f¡−le e¡za¢e LMeJ H dl−el ¢hï¡¢¿¹j§mL ®M¡c¡−â¡q£ ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£J q−a f¡−le e¡za¢e LMeJ H dl−el ¢hï¡¢¿¹j§mL ®M¡c¡−â¡q£ ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£J q−a f¡−le e¡z
fr¡¿¹−l ®k ®m¡L, ®L¡e d−jÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ eu h¡ k¡l A¿¹−l ®M¡c¡i£¢a b¡−L e¡, a¡l L¡−Slfr¡¿¹−l ®k ®m¡L, ®L¡e d−jÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ eu h¡ k¡l A¿¹−l ®M¡c¡i£¢a b¡−L e¡, a¡l L¡−Slfr¡¿¹−l ®k ®m¡L, ®L¡e d−jÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ eu h¡ k¡l A¿¹−l ®M¡c¡i£¢a b¡−L e¡, a¡l L¡−Slfr¡¿¹−l ®k ®m¡L, ®L¡e d−jÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ eu h¡ k¡l A¿¹−l ®M¡c¡i£¢a b¡−L e¡, a¡l L¡−Sl
®L¡e p£j¡®lM¡ b¡−L e¡z ®p ¢hnÄ¡p L−l ®k, ®p Hhw a¡l f§hÑ f¤l²o fö ¢Rm Hhw ¢hhaÑeh¡c£®L¡e p£j¡®lM¡ b¡−L e¡z ®p ¢hnÄ¡p L−l ®k, ®p Hhw a¡l f§hÑ f¤l²o fö ¢Rm Hhw ¢hhaÑeh¡c£®L¡e p£j¡®lM¡ b¡−L e¡z ®p ¢hnÄ¡p L−l ®k, ®p Hhw a¡l f§hÑ f¤l²o fö ¢Rm Hhw ¢hhaÑeh¡c£®L¡e p£j¡®lM¡ b¡−L e¡z ®p ¢hnÄ¡p L−l ®k, ®p Hhw a¡l f§hÑ f¤l²o fö ¢Rm Hhw ¢hhaÑeh¡c£
fË¢œ²u¡u j¡e−h l©fË¢œ²u¡u j¡e−h l©fË¢œ²u¡u j¡e−h l©fË¢œ²u¡u j¡e−h l©f¡¿¹¢la q−u−Rz ®p HJ ¢hnÄ¡p L−l, Ss fc¡bÑ R¡s¡ fª¢bh£−a Bl ¢LR¤C e¡C,f¡¿¹¢la q−u−Rz ®p HJ ¢hnÄ¡p L−l, Ss fc¡bÑ R¡s¡ fª¢bh£−a Bl ¢LR¤C e¡C,f¡¿¹¢la q−u−Rz ®p HJ ¢hnÄ¡p L−l, Ss fc¡bÑ R¡s¡ fª¢bh£−a Bl ¢LR¤C e¡C,f¡¿¹¢la q−u−Rz ®p HJ ¢hnÄ¡p L−l, Ss fc¡bÑ R¡s¡ fª¢bh£−a Bl ¢LR¤C e¡C,
ph ¢LR¤C Ss fc¡bÑ ®b−L ®~ch¡v pª¢ø q−u−Rz H dl−el ®m¡LC p¤−k¡N ®f−m H dl−el ¢eù¥lph ¢LR¤C Ss fc¡bÑ ®b−L ®~ch¡v pª¢ø q−u−Rz H dl−el ®m¡LC p¤−k¡N ®f−m H dl−el ¢eù¥lph ¢LR¤C Ss fc¡bÑ ®b−L ®~ch¡v pª¢ø q−u−Rz H dl−el ®m¡LC p¤−k¡N ®f−m H dl−el ¢eù¥lph ¢LR¤C Ss fc¡bÑ ®b−L ®~ch¡v pª¢ø q−u−Rz H dl−el ®m¡LC p¤−k¡N ®f−m H dl−el ¢eù¥l
A¡Qle Ll−a prj quz fËbj ¢c−L k¢cJ j−e q−a f¡−l ®k, a¡l¡ L¡−l¡ ®L¡e r¢a Ll−a prjA¡Qle Ll−a prj quz fËbj ¢c−L k¢cJ j−e q−a f¡−l ®k, a¡l¡ L¡−l¡ ®L¡e r¢a Ll−a prjA¡Qle Ll−a prj quz fËbj ¢c−L k¢cJ j−e q−a f¡−l ®k, a¡l¡ L¡−l¡ ®L¡e r¢a Ll−a prjA¡Qle Ll−a prj quz fËbj ¢c−L k¢cJ j−e q−a f¡−l ®k, a¡l¡ L¡−l¡ ®L¡e r¢a Ll−a prj
q−he e¡z ¢L¿º Efk¤š² f¢lq−he e¡z ¢L¿º Efk¤š² f¢lq−he e¡z ¢L¿º Efk¤š² f¢lq−he e¡z ¢L¿º Efk¤š² f¢l−hn ®f−m ®cM¡ k¡−h ®k, ®p HLSe SOeÉ M¤e£ ¢qp¡−h BaÈfËL¡n L−l−hn ®f−m ®cM¡ k¡−h ®k, ®p HLSe SOeÉ M¤e£ ¢qp¡−h BaÈfËL¡n L−l−hn ®f−m ®cM¡ k¡−h ®k, ®p HLSe SOeÉ M¤e£ ¢qp¡−h BaÈfËL¡n L−l−hn ®f−m ®cM¡ k¡−h ®k, ®p HLSe SOeÉ M¤e£ ¢qp¡−h BaÈfËL¡n L−l
Hhw NZqaÉ¡, …çqaÉ¡, j¡e¤o−L ¢ekÑ¡ae, e¡ M¡C−u qaÉ¡ CaÉ¡¢c L¡kÑœ²j Ll−a ¢àd¡ L−l e¡, öd¤Hhw NZqaÉ¡, …çqaÉ¡, j¡e¤o−L ¢ekÑ¡ae, e¡ M¡C−u qaÉ¡ CaÉ¡¢c L¡kÑœ²j Ll−a ¢àd¡ L−l e¡, öd¤Hhw NZqaÉ¡, …çqaÉ¡, j¡e¤o−L ¢ekÑ¡ae, e¡ M¡C−u qaÉ¡ CaÉ¡¢c L¡kÑœ²j Ll−a ¢àd¡ L−l e¡, öd¤Hhw NZqaÉ¡, …çqaÉ¡, j¡e¤o−L ¢ekÑ¡ae, e¡ M¡C−u qaÉ¡ CaÉ¡¢c L¡kÑœ²j Ll−a ¢àd¡ L−l e¡, öd¤
H L¡l−eq~ ®k a¡l fË¢afr H ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ euzH L¡l−eq~ ®k a¡l fË¢afr H ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ euzH L¡l−eq~ ®k a¡l fË¢afr H ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ euzH L¡l−eq~ ®k a¡l fË¢afr H ja¡c−nÑ ¢hnÄ¡p£ euz
1970 p¡−m p¡¢q−aÉ ®e¡−hm ¢hSu£ l¡¢nu¡e ®mML1970 p¡−m p¡¢q−aÉ ®e¡−hm ¢hSu£ l¡¢nu¡e ®mML1970 p¡−m p¡¢q−aÉ ®e¡−hm ¢hSu£ l¡¢nu¡e ®mML1970 p¡−m p¡¢q−aÉ ®e¡−hm ¢hSu£ l¡¢nu¡e ®mML Alexander I Solzhenitsyn 1983198319831983
p¡−m m¾X−e HL hšªa¡u l¡¢nu¡l SeN−el c¤xM c¤cÑn¡l L¡le heÑe¡ fËpw−N h−me,p¡−m m¾X−e HL hšªa¡u l¡¢nu¡l SeN−el c¤xM c¤cÑn¡l L¡le heÑe¡ fËpw−N h−me,p¡−m m¾X−e HL hšªa¡u l¡¢nu¡l SeN−el c¤xM c¤cÑn¡l L¡le heÑe¡ fËpw−N h−me,p¡−m m¾X−e HL hšªa¡u l¡¢nu¡l SeN−el c¤xM c¤cÑn¡l L¡le heÑe¡ fËpw−N h−me,
""BS ®b−L AdÑ na¡ë£ f§−hÑ kMe B¢j ¢nö ¢Rm¡j, aMe −hn ¢LR¤ hªÜ ®m¡L l¡¢nu¡l""BS ®b−L AdÑ na¡ë£ f§−hÑ kMe B¢j ¢nö ¢Rm¡j, aMe −hn ¢LR¤ hªÜ ®m¡L l¡¢nu¡l""BS ®b−L AdÑ na¡ë£ f§−hÑ kMe B¢j ¢nö ¢Rm¡j, aMe −hn ¢LR¤ hªÜ ®m¡L l¡¢nu¡l""BS ®b−L AdÑ na¡ë£ f§−hÑ kMe B¢j ¢nö ¢Rm¡j, aMe −hn ¢LR¤ hªÜ ®m¡L l¡¢nu¡l
SeN−el c§−iÑ¡−Nl L¡le hÉ¡MÉ¡ fËpw−N hm−a ö−e−Re, j¡e¤o Bõ¡q−L i¥−m ®N−R ®p L¡l−eC HSeN−el c§−iÑ¡−Nl L¡le hÉ¡MÉ¡ fËpw−N hm−a ö−e−Re, j¡e¤o Bõ¡q−L i¥−m ®N−R ®p L¡l−eC HSeN−el c§−iÑ¡−Nl L¡le hÉ¡MÉ¡ fËpw−N hm−a ö−e−Re, j¡e¤o Bõ¡q−L i¥−m ®N−R ®p L¡l−eC HSeN−el c§−iÑ¡−Nl L¡le hÉ¡MÉ¡ fËpw−N hm−a ö−e−Re, j¡e¤o Bõ¡q−L i¥−m ®N−R ®p L¡l−eC H
ph ¢LR¤ph ¢LR¤ph ¢LR¤ph ¢LR¤ q−u−Rz aMe ®b−L BS fkÑ¿¹ 50 hvpl d−l B¢j Bj¡−cl ¢hfÔ−hl C¢aq¡p ¢e−uq−u−Rz aMe ®b−L BS fkÑ¿¹ 50 hvpl d−l B¢j Bj¡−cl ¢hfÔ−hl C¢aq¡p ¢e−uq−u−Rz aMe ®b−L BS fkÑ¿¹ 50 hvpl d−l B¢j Bj¡−cl ¢hfÔ−hl C¢aq¡p ¢e−uq−u−Rz aMe ®b−L BS fkÑ¿¹ 50 hvpl d−l B¢j Bj¡−cl ¢hfÔ−hl C¢aq¡p ¢e−u
N−hoe¡ L−l¢Rz H fË¢œ²u¡u na na hC f¡W L−l¢Rz hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h na na fËj¡e J p¡rÉ pwNËqN−hoe¡ L−l¢Rz H fË¢œ²u¡u na na hC f¡W L−l¢Rz hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h na na fËj¡e J p¡rÉ pwNËqN−hoe¡ L−l¢Rz H fË¢œ²u¡u na na hC f¡W L−l¢Rz hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h na na fËj¡e J p¡rÉ pwNËqN−hoe¡ L−l¢Rz H fË¢œ²u¡u na na hC f¡W L−l¢Rz hÉ¢š²Nai¡−h na na fËj¡e J p¡rÉ pwNËq
L−l¢Rz H ¢h−â¡−ql BhSÑe¡ f¢l×L¡l Ll¡l m−rÉ ¢e−SJ 8 i¢mEj f¤ØaL ¢m−M¢Rz ¢L¿¹ BSJL−l¢Rz H ¢h−â¡−ql BhSÑe¡ f¢l×L¡l Ll¡l m−rÉ ¢e−SJ 8 i¢mEj f¤ØaL ¢m−M¢Rz ¢L¿¹ BSJL−l¢Rz H ¢h−â¡−ql BhSÑe¡ f¢l×L¡l Ll¡l m−rÉ ¢e−SJ 8 i¢mEj f¤ØaL ¢m−M¢Rz ¢L¿¹ BSJL−l¢Rz H ¢h−â¡−ql BhSÑe¡ f¢l×L¡l Ll¡l m−rÉ ¢e−SJ 8 i¢mEj f¤ØaL ¢m−M¢Rz ¢L¿¹ BSJ
Bj¡−L k¢c ®LqBj¡−cl jq¡ dBj¡−L k¢c ®LqBj¡−cl jq¡ dBj¡−L k¢c ®LqBj¡−cl jq¡ dBj¡−L k¢c ®LqBj¡−cl jq¡ dÄwpk‘ k¡−a 60 mr ®m¡L®L h¢m q−a q−u−R a¡l fËd¡e L¡leÄwpk‘ k¡−a 60 mr ®m¡L®L h¢m q−a q−u−R a¡l fËd¡e L¡leÄwpk‘ k¡−a 60 mr ®m¡L®L h¢m q−a q−u−R a¡l fËd¡e L¡leÄwpk‘ k¡−a 60 mr ®m¡L®L h¢m q−a q−u−R a¡l fËd¡e L¡le
pw¢rçaji¡−h hm−a hm¡ qu, a¡q−m B¢j ®pC Lb¡lC f¤el¡hª¢š Ll¡ R¡s¡ p¢WLi¡−h AeÉpw¢rçaji¡−h hm−a hm¡ qu, a¡q−m B¢j ®pC Lb¡lC f¤el¡hª¢š Ll¡ R¡s¡ p¢WLi¡−h AeÉpw¢rçaji¡−h hm−a hm¡ qu, a¡q−m B¢j ®pC Lb¡lC f¤el¡hª¢š Ll¡ R¡s¡ p¢WLi¡−h AeÉpw¢rçaji¡−h hm−a hm¡ qu, a¡q−m B¢j ®pC Lb¡lC f¤el¡hª¢š Ll¡ R¡s¡ p¢WLi¡−h AeÉ
¢LR¤C hm−a f¡l−h¡e¡, Bl a¡ q−m¡¢LR¤C hm−a f¡l−h¡e¡, Bl a¡ q−m¡¢LR¤C hm−a f¡l−h¡e¡, Bl a¡ q−m¡¢LR¤C hm−a f¡l−h¡e¡, Bl a¡ q−m¡----j¡e¤o DnÄl−L i¨−m ®N−R, a¡C H ph OVe¡l Aha¡le¡j¡e¤o DnÄl−L i¨−m ®N−R, a¡C H ph OVe¡l Aha¡le¡j¡e¤o DnÄl−L i¨−m ®N−R, a¡C H ph OVe¡l Aha¡le¡j¡e¤o DnÄl−L i¨−m ®N−R, a¡C H ph OVe¡l Aha¡le¡
q−u−Rz''q−u−Rz''q−u−Rz''q−u−Rz''
Solzhenitsyn Hl fkÑ−hre p¢WLz fËL«af−Hl fkÑ−hre p¢WLz fËL«af−Hl fkÑ−hre p¢WLz fËL«af−Hl fkÑ−hre p¢WLz fËL«af−r ®M¡c¡i£¢al Ae¤f¢Øq¢a h¡ Bõ¡q−L i¥−mr ®M¡c¡i£¢al Ae¤f¢Øq¢a h¡ Bõ¡q−L i¥−mr ®M¡c¡i£¢al Ae¤f¢Øq¢a h¡ Bõ¡q−L i¥−mr ®M¡c¡i£¢al Ae¤f¢Øq¢a h¡ Bõ¡q−L i¥−m
k¡Ju¡l L¡l−eC pj¡−S H dl−el p¿»¡p; pwO¡a J AaÉ¡Q¡l OV−a f¡−l Hhw ph¡C H hÉ¡f¡−lk¡Ju¡l L¡l−eC pj¡−S H dl−el p¿»¡p; pwO¡a J AaÉ¡Q¡l OV−a f¡−l Hhw ph¡C H hÉ¡f¡−lk¡Ju¡l L¡l−eC pj¡−S H dl−el p¿»¡p; pwO¡a J AaÉ¡Q¡l OV−a f¡−l Hhw ph¡C H hÉ¡f¡−lk¡Ju¡l L¡l−eC pj¡−S H dl−el p¿»¡p; pwO¡a J AaÉ¡Q¡l OV−a f¡−l Hhw ph¡C H hÉ¡f¡−l
p¡r£−N¡f¡−ml i¨¢jL¡u Aha£Ñe q−hz fr¡¿¹−l Bõ¡qa¡m¡ LMeJ ®L¡e ¢LR¤ i¥−me e¡ ®L¡e i¥§mp¡r£−N¡f¡−ml i¨¢jL¡u Aha£Ñe q−hz fr¡¿¹−l Bõ¡qa¡m¡ LMeJ ®L¡e ¢LR¤ i¥−me e¡ ®L¡e i¥§mp¡r£−N¡f¡−ml i¨¢jL¡u Aha£Ñe q−hz fr¡¿¹−l Bõ¡qa¡m¡ LMeJ ®L¡e ¢LR¤ i¥−me e¡ ®L¡e i¥§mp¡r£−N¡f¡−ml i¨¢jL¡u Aha£Ñe q−hz fr¡¿¹−l Bõ¡qa¡m¡ LMeJ ®L¡e ¢LR¤ i¥−me e¡ ®L¡e i¥§m

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L−le e¡z q©cuq£e L¢jE¢eø ®ea«hª¾c a¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl−L fËQäL−le e¡z q©cuq£e L¢jE¢eø ®ea«hª¾c a¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl−L fËQäL−le e¡z q©cuq£e L¢jE¢eø ®ea«hª¾c a¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl−L fËQäL−le e¡z q©cuq£e L¢jE¢eø ®ea«hª¾c a¡l¡ ¢e−S−cl−L fËQä rja¡dl ¢h−hQe¡ L−l pj¡Srja¡dl ¢h−hQe¡ L−l pj¡Srja¡dl ¢h−hQe¡ L−l pj¡Srja¡dl ¢h−hQe¡ L−l pj¡S
f¢lQ¡me¡l SeÉ ¢h¢iæ l£¢a fÜ¢a Ae¤på¡e h¡ B¢h×L¡l Ll−a¡z ¢e−S−cl j−dÉ ®N¡fe pi¡uf¢lQ¡me¡l SeÉ ¢h¢iæ l£¢a fÜ¢a Ae¤på¡e h¡ B¢h×L¡l Ll−a¡z ¢e−S−cl j−dÉ ®N¡fe pi¡uf¢lQ¡me¡l SeÉ ¢h¢iæ l£¢a fÜ¢a Ae¤på¡e h¡ B¢h×L¡l Ll−a¡z ¢e−S−cl j−dÉ ®N¡fe pi¡uf¢lQ¡me¡l SeÉ ¢h¢iæ l£¢a fÜ¢a Ae¤på¡e h¡ B¢h×L¡l Ll−a¡z ¢e−S−cl j−dÉ ®N¡fe pi¡u
SeN−el SeÉ ¢eaÉ ea¥e ¢ekÑ¡a−el g¢¾c ¢g¢Ll Ll−a¡z a¡l¡ kMe H…−m¡ Ll−a¡ Bõ¡qa¡m¡SeN−el SeÉ ¢eaÉ ea¥e ¢ekÑ¡a−el g¢¾c ¢g¢Ll Ll−a¡z a¡l¡ kMe H…−m¡ Ll−a¡ Bõ¡qa¡m¡SeN−el SeÉ ¢eaÉ ea¥e ¢ekÑ¡a−el g¢¾c ¢g¢Ll Ll−a¡z a¡l¡ kMe H…−m¡ Ll−a¡ Bõ¡qa¡m¡SeN−el SeÉ ¢eaÉ ea¥e ¢ekÑ¡a−el g¢¾c ¢g¢Ll Ll−a¡z a¡l¡ kMe H…−m¡ Ll−a¡ Bõ¡qa¡m¡
Hl ph ¢LR¤C S¡e−aez a¡l¡ k¡ L−l−R a¡l n¡¢Øa Bõ¡qa¡m¡ AhnÉC ¢c−hez f¢hœHl ph ¢LR¤C S¡e−aez a¡l¡ k¡ L−l−R a¡l n¡¢Øa Bõ¡qa¡m¡ AhnÉC ¢c−hez f¢hœHl ph ¢LR¤C S¡e−aez a¡l¡ k¡ L−l−R a¡l n¡¢Øa Bõ¡qa¡m¡ AhnÉC ¢c−hez f¢hœHl ph ¢LR¤C S¡e−aez a¡l¡ k¡ L−l−R a¡l n¡¢Øa Bõ¡qa¡m¡ AhnÉC ¢c−hez f¢hœ ®L¡l¡−e®L¡l¡−e®L¡l¡−e®L¡l¡−e
¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−l−Re, ""®pC ¢ce, ®k¢ce Eq¡−cl pLm−L HL−œ E¢›a Ll¡ qC−h Hhw Eq¡¢cN−L¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−l−Re, ""®pC ¢ce, ®k¢ce Eq¡−cl pLm−L HL−œ E¢›a Ll¡ qC−h Hhw Eq¡¢cN−L¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−l−Re, ""®pC ¢ce, ®k¢ce Eq¡−cl pLm−L HL−œ E¢›a Ll¡ qC−h Hhw Eq¡¢cN−L¢a¢e ®O¡oe¡ L−l−Re, ""®pC ¢ce, ®k¢ce Eq¡−cl pLm−L HL−œ E¢›a Ll¡ qC−h Hhw Eq¡¢cN−L
S¡e¡Cu¡ ®cJu¡ qC−h k¡q¡ Eq¡l¡ L¢la, Bõ¡q a¡q¡l ¢qp¡h l¡¢Mu¡−Rez Bõ¡q phÑ ¢ho−u pjÉLS¡e¡Cu¡ ®cJu¡ qC−h k¡q¡ Eq¡l¡ L¢la, Bõ¡q a¡q¡l ¢qp¡h l¡¢Mu¡−Rez Bõ¡q phÑ ¢ho−u pjÉLS¡e¡Cu¡ ®cJu¡ qC−h k¡q¡ Eq¡l¡ L¢la, Bõ¡q a¡q¡l ¢qp¡h l¡¢Mu¡−Rez Bõ¡q phÑ ¢ho−u pjÉLS¡e¡Cu¡ ®cJu¡ qC−h k¡q¡ Eq¡l¡ L¢la, Bõ¡q a¡q¡l ¢qp¡h l¡¢Mu¡−Rez Bõ¡q phÑ ¢ho−u pjÉL
â|ø¡z a§¢j ¢L mrÉ Ll e¡, BL¡n jäm£ J fª¢bh£−a k¡q¡ ¢LR¤ B−R Bõ¡q a¡q¡ S¡−ee, ¢â|ø¡z a§¢j ¢L mrÉ Ll e¡, BL¡n jäm£ J fª¢bh£−a k¡q¡ ¢LR¤ B−R Bõ¡q a¡q¡ S¡−ee, ¢â|ø¡z a§¢j ¢L mrÉ Ll e¡, BL¡n jäm£ J fª¢bh£−a k¡q¡ ¢LR¤ B−R Bõ¡q a¡q¡ S¡−ee, ¢â|ø¡z a§¢j ¢L mrÉ Ll e¡, BL¡n jäm£ J fª¢bh£−a k¡q¡ ¢LR¤ B−R Bõ¡q a¡q¡ S¡−ee, ¢aeaeaeae
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aMe a¡l¡ h¤T−a f¡l−h ¢L dl−aMe a¡l¡ h¤T−a f¡l−h ¢L dl−aMe a¡l¡ h¤T−a f¡l−h ¢L dl−aMe a¡l¡ h¤T−a f¡l−h ¢L dl−el A¿¹p¡löeÉ, gy¡f¡ J ¢jbÉ¡ S£he cnÑe a¡l¡ m¡me L−l®Rzel A¿¹p¡löeÉ, gy¡f¡ J ¢jbÉ¡ S£he cnÑe a¡l¡ m¡me L−l®Rzel A¿¹p¡löeÉ, gy¡f¡ J ¢jbÉ¡ S£he cnÑe a¡l¡ m¡me L−l®Rzel A¿¹p¡löeÉ, gy¡f¡ J ¢jbÉ¡ S£he cnÑe a¡l¡ m¡me L−l®Rz
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HC dl−el ¢hQ§É¢a h¡ A¢hnÄ¡p X¡lECe¡−cl hÉ¡fL fËQ¡−lC gmz g−m j¡e¤o j−e L−l ®k, a¡lHC dl−el ¢hQ§É¢a h¡ A¢hnÄ¡p X¡lECe¡−cl hÉ¡fL fËQ¡−lC gmz g−m j¡e¤o j−e L−l ®k, a¡lHC dl−el ¢hQ§É¢a h¡ A¢hnÄ¡p X¡lECe¡−cl hÉ¡fL fËQ¡−lC gmz g−m j¡e¤o j−e L−l ®k, a¡lHC dl−el ¢hQ§É¢a h¡ A¢hnÄ¡p X¡lECe¡−cl hÉ¡fL fËQ¡−lC gmz g−m j¡e¤o j−e L−l ®k, a¡l
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Ni£l Ae¤på¡−e ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, fÊ−aÉL qaÉ¡, f¢aa¡hª¢š, fËa¡le¡, S¤u¡Q¥¢l, O¤o ®meNi£l Ae¤på¡−e ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, fÊ−aÉL qaÉ¡, f¢aa¡hª¢š, fËa¡le¡, S¤u¡Q¥¢l, O¤o ®meNi£l Ae¤på¡−e ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, fÊ−aÉL qaÉ¡, f¢aa¡hª¢š, fËa¡le¡, S¤u¡Q¥¢l, O¤o ®meNi£l Ae¤på¡−e ®cM¡ k¡u ®k, fÊ−aÉL qaÉ¡, f¢aa¡hª¢š, fËa¡le¡, S¤u¡Q¥¢l, O¤o ®me----®ce,®ce,®ce,®ce,
œ²uœ²uœ²uœ²u----¢hœ²−u, ®m¡L WL¡−e¡pq pLm A®~e¢aL L¡kÑœ²−j djÑq£ea¡C fËd¡e L¡le ¢qp¡−h cªnÉj¡e quz¢hœ²−u, ®m¡L WL¡−e¡pq pLm A®~e¢aL L¡kÑœ²−j djÑq£ea¡C fËd¡e L¡le ¢qp¡−h cªnÉj¡e quz¢hœ²−u, ®m¡L WL¡−e¡pq pLm A®~e¢aL L¡kÑœ²−j djÑq£ea¡C fËd¡e L¡le ¢qp¡−h cªnÉj¡e quz¢hœ²−u, ®m¡L WL¡−e¡pq pLm A®~e¢aL L¡kÑœ²−j djÑq£ea¡C fËd¡e L¡le ¢qp¡−h cªnÉj¡e quz
djÑq£ea¡ fËQ¡le¡l fËd¡e ¢hou q−µR X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ AbÑ¡v j¡e¤o ®~ch¡vdjÑq£ea¡ fËQ¡le¡l fËd¡e ¢hou q−µR X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ AbÑ¡v j¡e¤o ®~ch¡vdjÑq£ea¡ fËQ¡le¡l fËd¡e ¢hou q−µR X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ AbÑ¡v j¡e¤o ®~ch¡vdjÑq£ea¡ fËQ¡le¡l fËd¡e ¢hou q−µR X¡lECeh¡−cl ¢jbÉ¡ ašÆ AbÑ¡v j¡e¤o ®~ch¡v pª¢ø q−u−R a¡Cpª¢ø q−u−R a¡Cpª¢ø q−u−R a¡Cpª¢ø q−u−R a¡C
a¡l ®L¡e pËø¡ h¡ pª¢øLaÑ¡ e¡Cza¡l ®L¡e pËø¡ h¡ pª¢øLaÑ¡ e¡Cza¡l ®L¡e pËø¡ h¡ pª¢øLaÑ¡ e¡Cza¡l ®L¡e pËø¡ h¡ pª¢øLaÑ¡ e¡Cz
The Lie: Evolution Hl ®mMLHl ®mMLHl ®mMLHl ®mML Ken Ham X¡lECeh¡−cl djÑq£ea¡ pÇf−LÑ ¢m−M−Re ®k,X¡lECeh¡−cl djÑq£ea¡ pÇf−LÑ ¢m−M−Re ®k,X¡lECeh¡−cl djÑq£ea¡ pÇf−LÑ ¢m−M−Re ®k,X¡lECeh¡−cl djÑq£ea¡ pÇf−LÑ ¢m−M−Re ®k,
"" k¢c Bf¢e Bõ¡q−L Aü£L¡l L−le Hhw Bõ¡ql S¡uN¡u AeÉ ®L¡e ¢hnÄ¡p"" k¢c Bf¢e Bõ¡q−L Aü£L¡l L−le Hhw Bõ¡ql S¡uN¡u AeÉ ®L¡e ¢hnÄ¡p"" k¢c Bf¢e Bõ¡q−L Aü£L¡l L−le Hhw Bõ¡ql S¡uN¡u AeÉ ®L¡e ¢hnÄ¡p"" k¢c Bf¢e Bõ¡q−L Aü£L¡l L−le Hhw Bõ¡ql S¡uN¡u AeÉ ®L¡e ¢hnÄ¡p----k¡ qW¡vk¡ qW¡vk¡ qW¡vk¡ qW¡v
h¡ H−m¡f¡b¡¢s ®L¡e fË¢œ²u¡u ¢hnÄ¡p Øq¡fe L−le, ®p ®r−œ eÉ¡u Jh¡ H−m¡f¡b¡¢s ®L¡e fË¢œ²u¡u ¢hnÄ¡p Øq¡fe L−le, ®p ®r−œ eÉ¡u Jh¡ H−m¡f¡b¡¢s ®L¡e fË¢œ²u¡u ¢hnÄ¡p Øq¡fe L−le, ®p ®r−œ eÉ¡u Jh¡ H−m¡f¡b¡¢s ®L¡e fË¢œ²u¡u ¢hnÄ¡p Øq¡fe L−le, ®p ®r−œ eÉ¡u J AeÉ¡−ul ®L¡e ¢i¢š b¡−L e¡zAeÉ¡−ul ®L¡e ¢i¢š b¡−L e¡zAeÉ¡−ul ®L¡e ¢i¢š b¡−L e¡zAeÉ¡−ul ®L¡e ¢i¢š b¡−L e¡z

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k¢c Ni£li¡−h på¡e L¢l a¡q−m ¢hnÄhËj¡−ä HL dl−el Al¡SLa¡C ®cM−a f¡C''k¢c Ni£li¡−h på¡e L¢l a¡q−m ¢hnÄhËj¡−ä HL dl−el Al¡SLa¡C ®cM−a f¡C''k¢c Ni£li¡−h på¡e L¢l a¡q−m ¢hnÄhËj¡−ä HL dl−el Al¡SLa¡C ®cM−a f¡C''k¢c Ni£li¡−h på¡e L¢l a¡q−m ¢hnÄhËj¡−ä HL dl−el Al¡SLa¡C ®cM−a f¡C''
fËMÉ¡a S¡jÑ¡e X¡lECeh¡c£ J hZÑh¡c£ c¡nÑ¢eLfËMÉ¡a S¡jÑ¡e X¡lECeh¡c£ J hZÑh¡c£ c¡nÑ¢eLfËMÉ¡a S¡jÑ¡e X¡lECeh¡c£ J hZÑh¡c£ c¡nÑ¢eLfËMÉ¡a S¡jÑ¡e X¡lECeh¡c£ J hZÑh¡c£ c¡nÑ¢eL Nietzschei a¡l hZÑh¡c£ ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ua¡l hZÑh¡c£ ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ua¡l hZÑh¡c£ ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ua¡l hZÑh¡c£ ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡u
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""qa¡n¡h”L'' h−m j−e Ll−a q−hz""qa¡n¡h”L'' h−m j−e Ll−a q−hz""qa¡n¡h”L'' h−m j−e Ll−a q−hz""qa¡n¡h”L'' h−m j−e Ll−a q−hz Nietzschei Hl a¥µRh¡c j§max H ja¡c−nÑl pjbÑe L−lHl a¥µRh¡c j§max H ja¡c−nÑl pjbÑe L−lHl a¥µRh¡c j§max H ja¡c−nÑl pjbÑe L−lHl a¥µRh¡c j§max H ja¡c−nÑl pjbÑe L−l
b¡−Lz j¡e¤o ¢eÕQuC ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e jq¡e E−Ÿ−nÉl SeÉ ®hy−Q b¡−Lzb¡−Lz j¡e¤o ¢eÕQuC ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e jq¡e E−Ÿ−nÉl SeÉ ®hy−Q b¡−Lzb¡−Lz j¡e¤o ¢eÕQuC ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e jq¡e E−Ÿ−nÉl SeÉ ®hy−Q b¡−Lzb¡−Lz j¡e¤o ¢eÕQuC ®L¡e e¡ ®L¡e jq¡e E−Ÿ−nÉl SeÉ ®hy−Q b¡−Lz Nietzschei ¢k¢e Bõ¡ql¢k¢e Bõ¡ql¢k¢e Bõ¡ql¢k¢e Bõ¡ql
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pÇfLÑ e¡Cz H L¡l−e a¡l j−a j¡e¤o ph pju a¡l S£h−el E−ŸnÉ Ae¤p¾d¡−el SeÉ hÉØapÇfLÑ e¡Cz H L¡l−e a¡l j−a j¡e¤o ph pju a¡l S£h−el E−ŸnÉ Ae¤p¾d¡−el SeÉ hÉØapÇfLÑ e¡Cz H L¡l−e a¡l j−a j¡e¤o ph pju a¡l S£h−el E−ŸnÉ Ae¤p¾d¡−el SeÉ hÉØapÇfLÑ e¡Cz H L¡l−e a¡l j−a j¡e¤o ph pju a¡l S£h−el E−ŸnÉ Ae¤p¾d¡−el SeÉ hÉØa
b¡−Lz ¢L¿º a¡ e¡ ®f−u −p qa¡n¡ J ®~el¡nÉSeL i¡hd¡l¡u f¢aa quz j¡e¤−ol E¢Qa a¡lb¡−Lz ¢L¿º a¡ e¡ ®f−u −p qa¡n¡ J ®~el¡nÉSeL i¡hd¡l¡u f¢aa quz j¡e¤−ol E¢Qa a¡lb¡−Lz ¢L¿º a¡ e¡ ®f−u −p qa¡n¡ J ®~el¡nÉSeL i¡hd¡l¡u f¢aa quz j¡e¤−ol E¢Qa a¡lb¡−Lz ¢L¿º a¡ e¡ ®f−u −p qa¡n¡ J ®~el¡nÉSeL i¡hd¡l¡u f¢aa quz j¡e¤−ol E¢Qa a¡l
S£h−el fËL«a E−ŸnÉ My¤−S ®hl Ll¡z ¢L¿ºS£h−el fËL«a E−ŸnÉ My¤−S ®hl Ll¡z ¢L¿ºS£h−el fËL«a E−ŸnÉ My¤−S ®hl Ll¡z ¢L¿ºS£h−el fËL«a E−ŸnÉ My¤−S ®hl Ll¡z ¢L¿º Nietzschei Hl ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ Ae¤kHl ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ Ae¤kHl ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ Ae¤kHl ¢Q¿¹¡d¡l¡ Ae¤k¡u£ k¢c ®Lq a¡l S−¾jl¡u£ k¢c ®Lq a¡l S−¾jl¡u£ k¢c ®Lq a¡l S−¾jl¡u£ k¢c ®Lq a¡l S−¾jl
j§m E−ŸnÉ Aü£L¡l L−l a¡q−m AhnÉC ®p a¡ My¤−S f¡−h e¡z H ®r−œj§m E−ŸnÉ Aü£L¡l L−l a¡q−m AhnÉC ®p a¡ My¤−S f¡−h e¡z H ®r−œj§m E−ŸnÉ Aü£L¡l L−l a¡q−m AhnÉC ®p a¡ My¤−S f¡−h e¡z H ®r−œj§m E−ŸnÉ Aü£L¡l L−l a¡q−m AhnÉC ®p a¡ My¤−S f¡−h e¡z H ®r−œ Nietzschei HLHLHLHL
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jq¡e Bõ¡qa¡m¡ j¡e¤o−L pª¢ø L−l−Re ®k pj¡ShÉhØq¡ H jq¡paÉ−L i§¢m−u ®cuz ®pCjq¡e Bõ¡qa¡m¡ j¡e¤o−L pª¢ø L−l−Re ®k pj¡ShÉhØq¡ H jq¡paÉ−L i§¢m−u ®cuz ®pCjq¡e Bõ¡qa¡m¡ j¡e¤o−L pª¢ø L−l−Re ®k pj¡ShÉhØq¡ H jq¡paÉ−L i§¢m−u ®cuz ®pCjq¡e Bõ¡qa¡m¡ j¡e¤o−L pª¢ø L−l−Re ®k pj¡ShÉhØq¡ H jq¡paÉ−L i§¢m−u ®cuz ®pC
pj¡S A¢a AhnÉC HL¢V BdÉ¡¢aÈL J ®~e¢aL dÄwpj¡S A¢a AhnÉC HL¢V BdÉ¡¢aÈL J ®~e¢aL dÄwpj¡S A¢a AhnÉC HL¢V BdÉ¡¢aÈL J ®~e¢aL dÄwpj¡S A¢a AhnÉC HL¢V BdÉ¡¢aÈL J ®~e¢aL dÄw−pl ¢nL¡l q−u b¡−Lz depÇfc, SeLmÉ¡e J−pl ¢nL¡l q−u b¡−Lz depÇfc, SeLmÉ¡e J−pl ¢nL¡l q−u b¡−Lz depÇfc, SeLmÉ¡e J−pl ¢nL¡l q−u b¡−Lz depÇfc, SeLmÉ¡e J

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1050 Hl j−dÉ 1 q−m a¡ h¡Ù¹−h pwO¢Va qJu¡ Apñh z Ec¡qleül©f hm¡ k¡u ®k,1050 Hl j−dÉ 1 q−m a¡ h¡Ù¹−h pwO¢Va qJu¡ Apñh z Ec¡qleül©f hm¡ k¡u ®k,1050 Hl j−dÉ 1 q−m a¡ h¡Ù¹−h pwO¢Va qJu¡ Apñh z Ec¡qleül©f hm¡ k¡u ®k,1050 Hl j−dÉ 1 q−m a¡ h¡Ù¹−h pwO¢Va qJu¡ Apñh z Ec¡qleül©f hm¡ k¡u ®k, DNA AZ¤AZ¤AZ¤AZ¤
k¡ ¢eE¢LÓu¡p Hl j−dÉ AhÙÛ¡e L−l z HCk¡ ¢eE¢LÓu¡p Hl j−dÉ AhÙÛ¡e L−l z HCk¡ ¢eE¢LÓu¡p Hl j−dÉ AhÙÛ¡e L−l z HCk¡ ¢eE¢LÓu¡p Hl j−dÉ AhÙÛ¡e L−l z HC DNA Hl j−dÉ j¡e¤−ol S¾j ¢houHl j−dÉ j¡e¤−ol S¾j ¢houHl j−dÉ j¡e¤−ol S¾j ¢houHl j−dÉ j¡e¤−ol S¾j ¢houL ¢h¢iæ abÉL ¢h¢iæ abÉL ¢h¢iæ abÉL ¢h¢iæ abÉ
p¢æ−h¢na b¡−L z j¡e¤−olp¢æ−h¢na b¡−L z j¡e¤−olp¢æ−h¢na b¡−L z j¡e¤−olp¢æ−h¢na b¡−L z j¡e¤−ol genetic code k¢c L¡N−Sl Efl ¢mM¡ qu a¡q−m 500 fªù¡l 900 hCk¢c L¡N−Sl Efl ¢mM¡ qu a¡q−m 500 fªù¡l 900 hCk¢c L¡N−Sl Efl ¢mM¡ qu a¡q−m 500 fªù¡l 900 hCk¢c L¡N−Sl Efl ¢mM¡ qu a¡q−m 500 fªù¡l 900 hC
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L¡L¡L¡L¡kÑLl qu z HV¡ flØf−ll Efl ¢eiÑln£m z a¡C H−cl fË¢al©f qJu¡l SeÉ HLC p¡−bkÑLl qu z HV¡ flØf−ll Efl ¢eiÑln£m z a¡C H−cl fË¢al©f qJu¡l SeÉ HLC p¡−bkÑLl qu z HV¡ flØf−ll Efl ¢eiÑln£m z a¡C H−cl fË¢al©f qJu¡l SeÉ HLC p¡−bkÑLl qu z HV¡ flØf−ll Efl ¢eiÑln£m z a¡C H−cl fË¢al©f qJu¡l SeÉ HLC p¡−b
Ef¢ÙÛ¢a fË−u¡Se qu z H L¡l−ZC fª¢bh£−L fË¡−Zl Evp pÇf¢LÑa Ae¤på¡e fË¢œ²u¡u HL¢VEf¢ÙÛ¢a fË−u¡Se qu z H L¡l−ZC fª¢bh£−L fË¡−Zl Evp pÇf¢LÑa Ae¤på¡e fË¢œ²u¡u HL¢VEf¢ÙÛ¢a fË−u¡Se qu z H L¡l−ZC fª¢bh£−L fË¡−Zl Evp pÇf¢LÑa Ae¤på¡e fË¢œ²u¡u HL¢VEf¢ÙÛ¢a fË−u¡Se qu z H L¡l−ZC fª¢bh£−L fË¡−Zl Evp pÇf¢LÑa Ae¤på¡e fË¢œ²u¡u HL¢V
AQm¡hÙÛ¡l pª¢ø qu zAQm¡hÙÛ¡l pª¢ø qu zAQm¡hÙÛ¡l pª¢ø qu zAQm¡hÙÛ¡l pª¢ø qu z

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HLC pja¡−m ¢h¢œ²u¡ L−l ea¥e pª¢øl ¢hou¢V L¡kÑa Apñh z a¡R¡s¡ H c¤¢Vl HL¢V R¡s¡HLC pja¡−m ¢h¢œ²u¡ L−l ea¥e pª¢øl ¢hou¢V L¡kÑa Apñh z a¡R¡s¡ H c¤¢Vl HL¢V R¡s¡HLC pja¡−m ¢h¢œ²u¡ L−l ea¥e pª¢øl ¢hou¢V L¡kÑa Apñh z a¡R¡s¡ H c¤¢Vl HL¢V R¡s¡HLC pja¡−m ¢h¢œ²u¡ L−l ea¥e pª¢øl ¢hou¢V L¡kÑa Apñh z a¡R¡s¡ H c¤¢Vl HL¢V R¡s¡
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X¡lECe a¡l ¢hhaÑeh¡c a−šÅl p¡−b fË¡L«¢aL ¢ehÑ¡Qe−L pÇf§ZÑi¡−h HL£i¨a L−lX¡lECe a¡l ¢hhaÑeh¡c a−šÅl p¡−b fË¡L«¢aL ¢ehÑ¡Qe−L pÇf§ZÑi¡−h HL£i¨a L−lX¡lECe a¡l ¢hhaÑeh¡c a−šÅl p¡−b fË¡L«¢aL ¢ehÑ¡Qe−L pÇf§ZÑi¡−h HL£i¨a L−lX¡lECe a¡l ¢hhaÑeh¡c a−šÅl p¡−b fË¡L«¢aL ¢ehÑ¡Qe−L pÇf§ZÑi¡−h HL£i¨a L−l
EfÙÛ¡fe L−l−Re z HC fË¢œ²u¡−L ¢a¢e HaC …l¦aÄ fËc¡e L−l−Re k¡ a¡l f¤Ù¹−Ll e¡j Ll−elEfÙÛ¡fe L−l−Re z HC fË¢œ²u¡−L ¢a¢e HaC …l¦aÄ fËc¡e L−l−Re k¡ a¡l f¤Ù¹−Ll e¡j Ll−elEfÙÛ¡fe L−l−Re z HC fË¢œ²u¡−L ¢a¢e HaC …l¦aÄ fËc¡e L−l−Re k¡ a¡l f¤Ù¹−Ll e¡j Ll−elEfÙÛ¡fe L−l−Re z HC fË¢œ²u¡−L ¢a¢e HaC …l¦aÄ fËc¡e L−l−Re k¡ a¡l f¤Ù¹−Ll e¡j Ll−el
j¡dÉ−jC ®h¡T¡ k¡u,j¡dÉ−jC ®h¡T¡ k¡u,j¡dÉ−jC ®h¡T¡ k¡u,j¡dÉ−jC ®h¡T¡ k¡u, ---- The Origin of Species, By means of Natural Selection.
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1. AUSTRALOPITHECUS
2. HOMO HABILIES

83. 83 / 88
3. HOMO ERECTUS
4. HOMO SAPIENS
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HLSe ¢hhaÑeh¡−cl LHLSe ¢hhaÑeh¡−cl LHLSe ¢hhaÑeh¡−cl LHLSe ¢hhaÑeh¡−cl L––––l pjbÑLl pjbÑLl pjbÑLl pjbÑL Ernst Mayr H Lb¡ ü£L¡l L−l E−õM L−l−Re ®k, fËL«af−rH Lb¡ ü£L¡l L−l E−õM L−l−Re ®k, fËL«af−rH Lb¡ ü£L¡l L−l E−õM L−l−Re ®k, fËL«af−rH Lb¡ ü£L¡l L−l E−õM L−l−Re ®k, fËL«af−r
H hwnH hwnH hwnH hwn a¡¢ma¡¢ma¡¢ma¡¢mL¡uL¡uL¡uL¡u Homo Sapiens fkÑ¿¹ −L¡e p§œ (fkÑ¿¹ −L¡e p§œ (fkÑ¿¹ −L¡e p§œ (fkÑ¿¹ −L¡e p§œ (Chain) f¡Ju¡) f¡Ju¡) f¡Ju¡) f¡Ju¡ k¡u¢e h¡ H p§œ q¡¢l−u ®N−R zk¡u¢e h¡ H p§œ q¡¢l−u ®N−R zk¡u¢e h¡ H p§œ q¡¢l−u ®N−R zk¡u¢e h¡ H p§œ q¡¢l−u ®N−R z
je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al pª¢ø f¢lLÒfe¡ hZÑe¡ fËp−‰ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£l¡je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al pª¢ø f¢lLÒfe¡ hZÑe¡ fËp−‰ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£l¡je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al pª¢ø f¢lLÒfe¡ hZÑe¡ fËp−‰ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£l¡je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al pª¢ø f¢lLÒfe¡ hZÑe¡ fËp−‰ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£l¡ Australopithe-cus>Homo
Habilis>Homo erectus>Homo Sapiens HC hwn¡e¤œ²j Ae¤ple Ll¡ q−u−R j−jÑ c¡h£ L−le zHC hwn¡e¤œ²j Ae¤ple Ll¡ q−u−R j−jÑ c¡h£ L−le zHC hwn¡e¤œ²j Ae¤ple Ll¡ q−u−R j−jÑ c¡h£ L−le zHC hwn¡e¤œ²j Ae¤ple Ll¡ q−u−R j−jÑ c¡h£ L−le z
fr¡¿¹−l S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£l¡ B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re ®k,fr¡¿¹−l S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£l¡ B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re ®k,fr¡¿¹−l S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£l¡ B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re ®k,fr¡¿¹−l S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£l¡ B¢h×L¡l L−l−Re ®k, Australopithecus, Homo habilis J Homo
erectus HLC pj−u fª¢bh£l ¢h¢iæ Hm¡L¡u hph¡p Ll−a¡ z a¡R¡s¡HLC pj−u fª¢bh£l ¢h¢iæ Hm¡L¡u hph¡p Ll−a¡ z a¡R¡s¡HLC pj−u fª¢bh£l ¢h¢iæ Hm¡L¡u hph¡p Ll−a¡ z a¡R¡s¡HLC pj−u fª¢bh£l ¢h¢iæ Hm¡L¡u hph¡p Ll−a¡ z a¡R¡s¡ Homo erectus ®nËe£i¥š²®nËe£i¥š²®nËe£i¥š²®nËe£i¥š²
fË¡Z£ A¢a pÇfТaL¡m fkÑ¿¹ fª¢bh£−a ¢hcÉj¡e ¢Rmz N−hoe¡u ®cM¡ ®N−R ®k xfË¡Z£ A¢a pÇfТaL¡m fkÑ¿¹ fª¢bh£−a ¢hcÉj¡e ¢Rmz N−hoe¡u ®cM¡ ®N−R ®k xfË¡Z£ A¢a pÇfТaL¡m fkÑ¿¹ fª¢bh£−a ¢hcÉj¡e ¢Rmz N−hoe¡u ®cM¡ ®N−R ®k xfË¡Z£ A¢a pÇfТaL¡m fkÑ¿¹ fª¢bh£−a ¢hcÉj¡e ¢Rmz N−hoe¡u ®cM¡ ®N−R ®k x
“Homo sapiens (Bd¤¢eL j¡e¤o)(Bd¤¢eL j¡e¤o)(Bd¤¢eL j¡e¤o)(Bd¤¢eL j¡e¤o) neandertalensis J Homo erectus HLC pjuL¡−mHLC pjuL¡−mHLC pjuL¡−mHLC pjuL¡−m
f¡n¡f¡¢f¡n¡f¡¢f¡n¡f¡¢f¡n¡f¡¢n fª¢bh£−n fª¢bh£−n fª¢bh£−n fª¢bh£−a hph¡p Ll−a b¡−L za hph¡p Ll−a b¡−L za hph¡p Ll−a b¡−L za hph¡p Ll−a b¡−L z
H ®b−LC fËj¡¢Za qu ®k, je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al f§hÑ f¤l¦o pÇf¢LÑa ašÅ H−Lh¡−lC ¢i¢šq£e ab¡H ®b−LC fËj¡¢Za qu ®k, je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al f§hÑ f¤l¦o pÇf¢LÑa ašÅ H−Lh¡−lC ¢i¢šq£e ab¡H ®b−LC fËj¡¢Za qu ®k, je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al f§hÑ f¤l¦o pÇf¢LÑa ašÅ H−Lh¡−lC ¢i¢šq£e ab¡H ®b−LC fËj¡¢Za qu ®k, je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al f§hÑ f¤l¦o pÇf¢LÑa ašÅ H−Lh¡−lC ¢i¢šq£e ab¡
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Harvard University Hl ¢hMÉ¡a S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£,Hl ¢hMÉ¡a S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£,Hl ¢hMÉ¡a S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£,Hl ¢hMÉ¡a S£h¡nÈ ¢h‘¡e£, Stephen Jay Gould ¢k¢e ¢e−S HLSe¢k¢e ¢e−S HLSe¢k¢e ¢e−S HLSe¢k¢e ¢e−S HLSe
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BjBjBjBj¡−cl (hwn m¢aL¡l) ¢py¢sl ¢ae fËS¡¢a¡−cl (hwn m¢aL¡l) ¢py¢sl ¢ae fËS¡¢a¡−cl (hwn m¢aL¡l) ¢py¢sl ¢ae fËS¡¢a¡−cl (hwn m¢aL¡l) ¢py¢sl ¢ae fËS¡¢a----Africanus, Australopithecines J Homo habilies
Hl −L¡e fËS¡¢aC L¡−l¡ ®b−L Eá§a qu¢e z a¡R¡s¡ HC ¢ae ®nËe£l ®L¡e ®nËe£l j−dÉ fª¢bh£−aHl −L¡e fËS¡¢aC L¡−l¡ ®b−L Eá§a qu¢e z a¡R¡s¡ HC ¢ae ®nËe£l ®L¡e ®nËe£l j−dÉ fª¢bh£−aHl −L¡e fËS¡¢aC L¡−l¡ ®b−L Eá§a qu¢e z a¡R¡s¡ HC ¢ae ®nËe£l ®L¡e ®nËe£l j−dÉ fª¢bh£−aHl −L¡e fËS¡¢aC L¡−l¡ ®b−L Eá§a qu¢e z a¡R¡s¡ HC ¢ae ®nËe£l ®L¡e ®nËe£l j−dÉ fª¢bh£−a
a¡−cl A¢Ù¹aÄ b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u ®L¡e dl−el ¢hhaÑ−el mre fkÑ−hre Ll¡ k¡u¢e za¡−cl A¢Ù¹aÄ b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u ®L¡e dl−el ¢hhaÑ−el mre fkÑ−hre Ll¡ k¡u¢e za¡−cl A¢Ù¹aÄ b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u ®L¡e dl−el ¢hhaÑ−el mre fkÑ−hre Ll¡ k¡u¢e za¡−cl A¢Ù¹aÄ b¡L¡ AhÙÛ¡u ®L¡e dl−el ¢hhaÑ−el mre fkÑ−hre Ll¡ k¡u¢e z
AbÑ¡v ú¥m L−m−Sl fAbÑ¡v ú¥m L−m−Sl fAbÑ¡v ú¥m L−m−Sl fAbÑ¡v ú¥m L−m−Sl f¡WÉ f¤Ù¹−L h¡ ¢p−ej¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al ¢hhaÑ−el (AdÑ j¡eh¡WÉ f¤Ù¹−L h¡ ¢p−ej¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al ¢hhaÑ−el (AdÑ j¡eh¡WÉ f¤Ù¹−L h¡ ¢p−ej¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al ¢hhaÑ−el (AdÑ j¡eh¡WÉ f¤Ù¹−L h¡ ¢p−ej¡u je¤oÉ fËS¡¢al ¢hhaÑ−el (AdÑ j¡eh----AdÑAdÑAdÑAdÑ
h¡e−ll) ®k ¢Qœ h¡ R¢h ®cM¡ k¡u a¡ h¡−e¡u¡V J L¢Òfa, ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡u Hl −L¡e ¢i¢š M¤y−Sh¡e−ll) ®k ¢Qœ h¡ R¢h ®cM¡ k¡u a¡ h¡−e¡u¡V J L¢Òfa, ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡u Hl −L¡e ¢i¢š M¤y−Sh¡e−ll) ®k ¢Qœ h¡ R¢h ®cM¡ k¡u a¡ h¡−e¡u¡V J L¢Òfa, ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡u Hl −L¡e ¢i¢š M¤y−Sh¡e−ll) ®k ¢Qœ h¡ R¢h ®cM¡ k¡u a¡ h¡−e¡u¡V J L¢Òfa, ®~h‘¡¢eL N−hoe¡u Hl −L¡e ¢i¢š M¤y−S
f¡Ju¡ k¡u¢e z H…−m¡ öd¤j¡œ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£−cl fËQ¡le¡ ¢qp¡−h H ašÅ ¢SC−u l¡M¡l H¢V HL¢Vf¡Ju¡ k¡u¢e z H…−m¡ öd¤j¡œ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£−cl fËQ¡le¡ ¢qp¡−h H ašÅ ¢SC−u l¡M¡l H¢V HL¢Vf¡Ju¡ k¡u¢e z H…−m¡ öd¤j¡œ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£−cl fËQ¡le¡ ¢qp¡−h H ašÅ ¢SC−u l¡M¡l H¢V HL¢Vf¡Ju¡ k¡u¢e z H…−m¡ öd¤j¡œ ¢hhaÑeh¡c£−cl fËQ¡le¡ ¢qp¡−h H ašÅ ¢SC−u l¡M¡l H¢V HL¢V
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NËqe−k¡NÉ fËÙ¹¡he¡ q−a f¡−l ?NËqe−k¡NÉ fËÙ¹¡he¡ q−a f¡−l ?NËqe−k¡NÉ fËÙ¹¡he¡ q−a f¡−l ?NËqe−k¡NÉ fËÙ¹¡he¡ q−a f¡−l ?
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Bh¡l ¢i−sl j−dÉ ph dl−el ®N¡mj¡−ml BJu¡S nËhe L−l b¡−Le z k¢c H pju Bfe¡lBh¡l ¢i−sl j−dÉ ph dl−el ®N¡mj¡−ml BJu¡S nËhe L−l b¡−Le z k¢c H pju Bfe¡lBh¡l ¢i−sl j−dÉ ph dl−el ®N¡mj¡−ml BJu¡S nËhe L−l b¡−Le z k¢c H pju Bfe¡lBh¡l ¢i−sl j−dÉ ph dl−el ®N¡mj¡−ml BJu¡S nËhe L−l b¡−Le z k¢c H pju Bfe¡l
j¢Ù¹−×L ®L¡e p§rÈ k¿» ¢c−u f¢lj¡f Ll¡ q−a¡ ®cM¡ ®k−a¡ a¡ pÇf§ZÑi¡−h nëq£e h¡ ¢exnëj¢Ù¹−×L ®L¡e p§rÈ k¿» ¢c−u f¢lj¡f Ll¡ q−a¡ ®cM¡ ®k−a¡ a¡ pÇf§ZÑi¡−h nëq£e h¡ ¢exnëj¢Ù¹−×L ®L¡e p§rÈ k¿» ¢c−u f¢lj¡f Ll¡ q−a¡ ®cM¡ ®k−a¡ a¡ pÇf§ZÑi¡−h nëq£e h¡ ¢exnëj¢Ù¹−×L ®L¡e p§rÈ k¿» ¢c−u f¢lj¡f Ll¡ q−a¡ ®cM¡ ®k−a¡ a¡ pÇf§ZÑi¡−h nëq£e h¡ ¢exnë zzzz
fË¢a¢hð h¡ R¢h N−hoe¡l jaC j§m në al‰ k¡ pªSe J f¤ex pªSe ¢L pñh a¡ ¢e−ufË¢a¢hð h¡ R¢h N−hoe¡l jaC j§m në al‰ k¡ pªSe J f¤ex pªSe ¢L pñh a¡ ¢e−ufË¢a¢hð h¡ R¢h N−hoe¡l jaC j§m në al‰ k¡ pªSe J f¤ex pªSe ¢L pñh a¡ ¢e−ufË¢a¢hð h¡ R¢h N−hoe¡l jaC j§m në al‰ k¡ pªSe J f¤ex pªSe ¢L pñh a¡ ¢e−u
hR−ll fl hRl N−hoe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R z HlC gmn˦¢a−a ®~al£ Ll¡ q−u−R në lrL/NËqe k¿»hR−ll fl hRl N−hoe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R z HlC gmn˦¢a−a ®~al£ Ll¡ q−u−R në lrL/NËqe k¿»hR−ll fl hRl N−hoe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R z HlC gmn˦¢a−a ®~al£ Ll¡ q−u−R në lrL/NËqe k¿»hR−ll fl hRl N−hoe¡ Ll¡ q−u−R z HlC gmn˦¢a−a ®~al£ Ll¡ q−u−R në lrL/NËqe k¿»
((((Sound Recorder) k¡−a j§m në al‰ ¢hnÄÙ¹a¡l p¡−b ®lLXÑ Ll¡ k¡u z Hph Lm¡−L±nm J) k¡−a j§m në al‰ ¢hnÄÙ¹a¡l p¡−b ®lLXÑ Ll¡ k¡u z Hph Lm¡−L±nm J) k¡−a j§m në al‰ ¢hnÄÙ¹a¡l p¡−b ®lLXÑ Ll¡ k¡u z Hph Lm¡−L±nm J) k¡−a j§m në al‰ ¢hnÄÙ¹a¡l p¡−b ®lLXÑ Ll¡ k¡u z Hph Lm¡−L±nm J

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q¡S¡l q¡S¡l C¢”¢eq¡S¡l q¡S¡l C¢”¢eq¡S¡l q¡S¡l C¢”¢eq¡S¡l q¡S¡l C¢”¢eu¡l J ¢h−no‘−cl N−hoe¡ J fË−Qø¡ p−šÅJ j¡eh nËhe k¿» ab¡ L−ZÑ¢¾cÐ−ulu¡l J ¢h−no‘−cl N−hoe¡ J fË−Qø¡ p−šÅJ j¡eh nËhe k¿» ab¡ L−ZÑ¢¾cÐ−ulu¡l J ¢h−no‘−cl N−hoe¡ J fË−Qø¡ p−šÅJ j¡eh nËhe k¿» ab¡ L−ZÑ¢¾cÐ−ulu¡l J ¢h−no‘−cl N−hoe¡ J fË−Qø¡ p−šÅJ j¡eh nËhe k¿» ab¡ L−ZÑ¢¾cÐ−ul
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