This document discusses the difference between predictive and arbitrary relationships. A predictive relationship is when one variable can be used to predict another variable, such as stress predicting anxiety. An arbitrary relationship is when two variables increase or decrease together but it is unclear which influences the other, such as anxiety and depression. The document provides examples of predictive relationships and explains that most relationship questions deal with arbitrary relationships unless specified otherwise.

1. Is the problem dealing with a
predictive or arbitrary relationship?

2. By the end of this presentation you will be able
to determine if your relationship question is –

3. By the end of this presentation you will be able
to determine if your relationship question is –
Predictive

4. By the end of this presentation you will be able
to determine if your relationship question is –
Predictive
or

5. By the end of this presentation you will be able
to determine if your relationship question is –
Predictive
or
Arbitrary

6. What is a predictive relationship?

7. A predictive relationship is a relationship where
one variable

8. A predictive relationship is a relationship where
one variable (temperature)

9. A predictive relationship is a relationship where
one variable (temperature)

10. A predictive relationship is a relationship where
one variable (temperature) predicts another
variable

11. A predictive relationship is a relationship where
one variable (temperature) predicts another
variable (ice melting).

12. A predictive relationship is a relationship where
one variable (temperature) predicts another
variable (ice melting).

13. For example,

14. For example,
Does stress predict anxiety?

15. For example,
Does stress predict anxiety?
Meaning you can tell the amount of anxiety
someone has, if you know the amount of stress
they are under.

16. Here are some more examples:

17. Administrators wish to know the degree to
which the number professor publications in
professional journals predicts the time it takes
for them to achieve tenure.

18. Administrators wish to know the degree to
which the number professor publications in
professional journals predicts the time it takes
for thSeom, if t yoo auc hknieovwe ttehneu nruem. ber of professor
publications, you can predict the time it
takes to be tenured.

19. Marine biologist wish to determine the degree
to which the levels of nitrogen phosphate
concentration predicts a decrease in the number
of sea mollusks on the coast of California.

20. Marine biologist wish to determine the degree
to which the levels of nitrogen phosphate
concentration predicts a decrease in the number
of seSao m, iof lyluosuk ks noonw t hteh ec oleavset los fo Cf anliitfororngeian.
phosphate concentration, you can
predict the number of Mollusks.

21. Social scientists wish to determine the extent to
which the need for extrinsic motivation predicts
the number of selfies taken in a given day.

22. Social scientists wish to determine the extent to
which the need for extrinsic motivation predicts
the number of selfies taken in a given day.
So, if you know need for extrinsic
motivation, you can predict the number
of selfies taken in a given day.

23. In such cases, you will classify the relationship
as:
Predictive
Arbitrary

24. In other instances the relationship between two
variables is not predictive but arbitrary.

25. In other instances the relationship between two
variables is not predictive but arbitrary.
Predictive
Arbitrary

26. Meaning we do not know what causes what, we
just know that:

27. Meaning we do not know what causes what, we
just know that:
- when one increases the other increases,

28. Meaning we do not know what causes what, we
just know that:
- when one increases the other increases,
- or when one decreases the other decreases,

29. Meaning we do not know what causes what, we
just know that:
- when one increases the other increases,
- or when one decreases the other decreases,
- or when one increases the other decreases.

30. We just don’t know which influences which.

31. We just don’t know which influences which.
Generally they most likely influence each other:

32. We just don’t know which influences which.
Generally they most likely influence each other:
Peace Probably influences and is
Honorable
influenced by Living

33. We just don’t know which influences which.
Generally they most likely influence each other:
Anxiety Probably influences and is
Depression influenced by

34. When we are not sure which is which, then this
becomes an arbitrary relationship as opposed
to a predictive relationship.

35. When we are not sure which is which, then this
becomes an arbitrary relationship as opposed to
a predictive relationship.
Predictive
Arbitrary

36. Note – unless your relationship problem
specifies a predictive relationship (with one
variable influencing directly another variable)
then the problem is most likely arbitrary.

37. What is the nature of your relationship
question?

38. What is the nature of your relationship
question?
Predictive
or
Arbitrary