PRACTICAL RESEARCH

1. QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGNS

2. DESIGN
•A plan or something that is conceptualized by
the mind.
•A result of a mental activity characterized by
unfixed formation of something but an extensive
interconnection of things.
•The field of research serves as a blueprint or a
skeletal framework of your research study.

3. TYPES OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH DESIGNS

4. Case Study
• This research design is to describe a person, a thing, or any
creature on Earth for the purpose of explaining the reasons
behind the nature of its existence.
• The research design aims is to determine why such creature
(person, organization, thing, or event) acts, behaves, occurs,
or exists in a particular manner.
• A case study centers on an individual or single subject matter.
• The methods of collecting data for this research design are
interview, observation, and questionnaire.

5. Ethnography
• This research design involves a study of a certain cultural
group organization in which you the researcher to obtain
knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-
up, and relationships of the group members, must
necessarily involve you in their group activities.
• Ethnography requires your actual participation in the
group members activities.
• The methods of collecting data is just to observe the
group.

6. Historical Study
• This research design is to determine the reasons for
changes or performance of things in the physical world
in a certain period (i.e., years, decades, or centuries).
• The scope or coverage of a study refers to the number
of years covered.
• The method in collecting data are biography or
autobiography reading, documentary analysis, and
chronicling activities.

7. Phenomenology
• This research design is something you experience on
Earth as a person.
• It is a sensory experience that makes you perceive or
understand things that naturally occur in your life such
as death, joy, friendship, caregiving, defeat, victory, and
the like.
• The method in collecting data is unstructured interview.

8. Grounded Theory
• This research design aims at developing a theory to
increase your understanding of something in a psycho-
social context.
• Grounded theory design takes place in an inductive
manner, wherein one basic category of peoples action
and interactions gets related to a second category, to
third category, and so on, until a new theory emerges
from the previous data.

9. SAMPLING
•It refers to a method or process of
selecting respondents or people to
answer questions meant to yield data
for a research study.

10. PROBABILITY SAMPLING OR
UNBIASED SAMPLING
• It involves all members listed in the sampling
frame representing a certain population
focused on by your study.
• An equal chance of participation in the
sampling or selection process is given to
every member listed in the sampling frame.

11. SAMPLING ERROR
•The selection does not take place in the
way it is planned.
•The sampling error are depends on the
size of the sample.

12. TYPES OF PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

13. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
•The best type of sampling through
which you choose sample from a
population. Using a pure-chance
selection, you assure every member the
same opportunity to be in the sample.

14. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
•This kind of probability sampling,
chance and system are the ones to
determine who should compose the
sample.

15. STRATIFIED SAMPLING
•The group comprising the sample is
chosen in a way that such group is
liable to subdivision during the data
analysis stage.

16. CLUSTER SAMPLING
•This is a probability sampling that
makes you isolate a set of persons
instead of individual members to serve
as sample members.

17. NON- PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
•Non-probability sampling disregards
random selection of subjects.
•The subjects are chosen based on their
availability or the purpose of the study.

18. TYPES OF
NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

19. QUOTA SAMPLING
•Tend to choose sample members possessing
or indicating the characteristics of the target
population.
•Using a quota or a specific set of persons
whom you believe to have the characteristics
of the target population involved in the study.

20. VOLUNTARY SAMPLING
•Since the subjects you expect to participate
in the sample selection are the ones
volunteering to constitute the sample,
there is no need for you to do any selection
process.

21. PURPOSIVE OR
JUDGEMENTAL SAMPLING
•You choose people whom you are sure
could corresponds to the objectives of
your study, like selecting those with rich
experience or interest in your study.

22. AVAILABILITY SAMPLING
•The willingness of a person as your subject to
interest.
•During the data collection time, you encounter
people walking on the school campus, along
corridors, and along the park or employees
lining up at an office, and these people show
willingness to respond to your questions.

23. SNOWBALL SAMPLING
•This sampling method does
not give a specific set of
samples.