Here is my latest work on ocean life, waterways, and aquaculture

1. ANALYSIS OF
AQUACULTURE (FISH
FARMING)
PAUL YOUNG CPA, CGA
JULY 13, 2021

2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO
• CPA, CGA
• Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2)
• SME – Risk Management
• SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
• SME – Public Policy
• SME – Emerging Technology
• SME – Business Process Change
• SME – Financial Solutions
• SME – Macro/Micro Indicators
• SME – Supply Chain Management
• SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform
• SME – Internal Controls and Auditing
Contact information: Paul_Young_CGA@hotmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
SlideShare - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga

3. AGENDA
• Jules Verne/20,000 League under the Sea
• What is Fish Farming
• Market Size/Growth
• Canadian Market
• Canada/Seafood
• Technology/Fish Farming
• Blog – Fish Farming
• Blog – PEI / Tuna
• Audits / Fisheries
• Ocean/Waterways
• Regulatory Issues
• AI and Analytics

4. INTRODUCTION
• This presentation looks at the issues facing fisheries and oceans in Canada as well as
around the world.

5. CAPTAIN NEMO Did Captain Nemo have it right
about harvesting the ocean
Broil eel
SEA Cucumber

6. GLOBAL SEAFOOD
Source - https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/fish-and-seafood-market-size-2021-with-a-cagr-of-34-top-
company-data-business-growth-challenges-and-threats-covid-19-impact-gross-margins-and-regional-outlook-
2027-2021-07-05

7. CANADA / SEAFOOD
• http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/canada-showcase-its-strong-fish-seafood-industry-seafood-expo-north-america-2017-2203795.htm
• Canada's 2016 fish and seafood export values show that trade in this sector continues to grow. Canada
exported a record $6.6 billion worth of fish and seafood products in 2016, up 10 per cent from 2015. The
United States remains our largest export market, accounting for 65 per cent of our exports worth $4.3
billion. Canada is the largest supplier of fish and seafood to the United States, emphasizing the importance
of this trading partnership.
• Minister LeBlanc will take advantage of the presence of many fisheries associations and environmental non-
government organizations to hold a roundtable discussion on Canada's plan to achieve its marine
conservation targets by protecting 5 per cent of marine and coastal areas by 2017 and 10 per cent by 2020.
Marine protected areas support increased size, abundance and diversity of marine species, protect
spawning stocks and protect habitat critical to lifecycle stages which can help replenish fish stocks-all of
which can benefit Canada's fish and shellfish sector. Fisheries and Oceans Canada will continue to meet with
provinces and territories, Indigenous groups, the fishing industry, and other interested parties to discuss
their important role in conserving marine biodiversity and safeguarding the health of our oceans for future
generations.

8. WHAT IS FISH FARMING
• Fish farming or pisciculture
involves raising fish commercially
in tanks or enclosures, usually for
food. It is the principal form of
aquaculture, while other methods
may fall under mariculture. ...
Worldwide, the most important
fish species used in fish farming
are carp, tilapia, salmon, and
catfish.

9. FISH FARMING/AQUACULTURE

10. CANADIAN AQUACULTURE
Source - https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/201224/dq201224d-eng.htm

11. CANADIAN AQUACULTURE
Source - https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/201224/dq201224d-eng.htm

12. AQUACULTURE
Source - https://www.marketstudyreport.com/reports/global-aquaculture-market-2020-by-
manufacturers-regions-type-and-application-forecast-to-2025?gclid=Cj0KCQiAhZT9BRDmARIsAN2E-
J3amzA2Mt4intyV2tyBY1uyuD8xMeLryE8H4v5ADubEMQLikBmgS-EaAu5qEALw_wcB

13. TECHNOLOGY AND FISH FAMING
• https://www.aquaculture.world/iot-protects-fishing-fleets-and-global-fisheries-with-rpma-technology/
Over half of the world’s seafood is exported from developing countries. Much of
the catch is from small fishing boats, which are difficult to monitor and protect.
Commercial fishing in developing regions typically occurs within 30 miles from
land. Establishing a communication channel that can support hundreds of fishing
boats spread out over a large area is a challenge. Boats are small and lack
dependable power. Devices have to be both affordable and rugged.
Small boats spread out over a large remote area represent a challenge for
network designers. How many towers are needed and where should they be
located to offer enough usable capacity. Capacity is the number of devices that
can simultaneously be supported per tower or base-station.
The Orolia McMurdo Omnicom Solar Fishing Beacon uses Random Phase
Multiple Access (RPMA) technology. It is optimized for wireless machine-to-
machine communication. It is very spectrally efficient and moves a lot of data
per Hz of bandwidth. The low-power, wide-area (LPWA) connectivity is
provided by the Machine Network based on Ingenu’s RPMA technology.

14. IBM AND FISH FARMING
• http://www.globalfuturist.org/2017/03/ibm-and-hyperledger-launch-enterprise-ready-blockchain/
IBM first introduced the concept of BaaS last year but now it believes that its new
service is ready for prime time, and it’s hoping that it’s going to go down a storm with
developers who are busy building blockchain applications that audit, monitor,
support and track everything from the entire US military, all the way through to tuna
and pigs, Universal Basic Income (UBI) programs and foreign exchange trading.
.globalfuturist.org – March 25, 2017

15. NEW STARTUP / INNOVASEA
• https://www.innovasea.com/about-us/

16. BLOG – FISH FARMING
• http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/fisheries-act-overhaul-1.4522472?cmp=rss
• Before 2012, the Fisheries Act banned all activities that harmed fish habitat.
• That year, Stephen Harper's Conservative government introduced omnibus legislation that prohibited activities that affected fish in commercial,
recreational or Indigenous fisheries.
1. Liberals are reversing this approach to promote fish farming
2. Did the Liberals even consult the provinces?
3. Harper never gutted the water ways, but wanted more protection of the habitat - http://business.financialpost.com/opinion/no-the-harper-
government-didnt-gut-laws-protecting-our-waterways/wcm/29a66644-55df-40bb-9ce4-03760377ec52
4. Fish Farming is big business - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-fishing-farming-aquaculture. There has been issues with fish
farming - http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/cooke-aquaculture-collapse-fish-farm-1.4259083 or
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/cooke-aquaculture-collapse-fish-farm-1.4259083 (Where is the science?)
5. There has been concerns with the ecology via fish farming - https://e360.yale.edu/features/how-aquaculture-is-threatening-the-native-fish-
species-of-africa
6. There could be risk to disease - https://blogs.umass.edu/natsci397a-eross/the-impact-of-aquaculture-on-the-environment/.
7. Liberals have been in power for over two years as such have done little to improve existing laws on water -
http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/wwf-canada-watershed-rivers-freshwater-1.4154120. Liberals constantly called out the CPC for their lack of
focus on water protection, right?

17. AQUACULTURE
Blog – Aquaculture – Fish Farming and Water Management
Aquaculture operators can be largely optimistic about their prospects in 2021, although some farmers,
particularly in Chile, may struggle to fulfil increasingly onerous regulations.
Source - https://www.seafoodnews.com/ or https://thefishsite.com/articles/reasons-to-be-cheerful-in-
aquaculture-in-2021
Water Management - https://www.equaltimes.org/water-pollution-forces-europe-to#.X-nmbxZ7lPY
Restoring wetlands - https://phys.org/news/2020-12-wetlands-farms-pollution.html
Dietary/Seafood - https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/food-safety-health/seafood-industry-s-2021-
outlook-brighter-as-consumers-focus-on-health
Here is my work on the management of oceans and waterways
https://www2.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/aquaculture-fish-farming-and-harvesting-ocean-and-water-
management

18. NORWAY / FISH FARMING
• Source - https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2018/08/first-ocean-fish-farm-raising-1-5-million-salmon-three-miles-off-
norway.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+blogspot%2Fadvancednano+%28
• Ocean Farm 1 is the world’s first deep-sea aquaculture farm. It is designed by leading salmon
farmer SalMar ASA (of Norway). They paid China Shipbuilding Industry $300 million for six
facilities.
• The production unit will be around 70 meters high and will have a diameter of around 160 meters.
the production unit will be able to produce 12,000 tons of fish each year. The production system can
withstand 100 foot (31 meter) waves. The systems can be put anywhere in the open sea. The new
system will be able to grow 3 million salmon each year. The production ocean fish farm will cost 157
million euros.

19. PEI / TUNA
Source - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/operations/fish-buyer-in-p-e-i-opens-plant-to-
promote-canadas-sustainable-tuna-fishery-237237/
• PEI has tuna fish hatchery https://www.nsnews.com/fish-buyer-in-p-e-i-opens-plant-to-promote-canada-s-
sustainable-tuna-fishery-1.23912561 “Tompkins said 99 per cent of bluefin tuna is sold for sushi. In Canada,
yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna caught off Nova Scotia and Newfoundland can be of sushi grade, but they are
often canned. The OneTuna plant in North Lake, P.E.I., was completed in May and obtained its CFIA
certification in June. The plant still has to compete with international buyers, and so far it has processed
three bluefins, which typically weigh more than 200 kilograms and can grow to 725 kilograms.”

20. AUDIT AND OVERSIGHT – FISHERIES AND OCEANS
Analysis
1. Lack of action on fish stocks - https://nationalpost.com/news/audit-finds-canadas-fisheries-in-decline-says-response-
lacks-urgency
2. Failures to managed the risks with salmon farming - https://www.oag-
bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/mr_20180424_e_43008.html
3. Mining gaps / environment - https://ipolitics.ca/2019/04/04/the-drilldown-auditor-general-report-highlights-major-
gaps-in-canadian-mining-regulation/
4. Audit of fish stocks - http://www.canadianaquaponics.com/2018/11/only-one-third-of-canadas-fish-stocks.html or
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/11/13/1946200/0/en/Canada-s-fish-populations-declining-
government-must-urgently-enforce-new-Fisheries-Act-and-get-serious-about-rebuilding-fisheries.html
5. Management of waterways - https://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/parl_cesd_201710_02_e_42490.html

21. OCEANS AND WATERWAY
Ocean Supercluster - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-safety/canadas-
ocean-supercluster-announces-29m-ocean-aware-project-258011/
1. With a total project value of $29 million, the Ocean Supercluster will provide $13.74 million in
funding for the project, with $15.7M in funding coming from industry partners.
1. There needs to be oversight into the moneys spend on the Supercluster
https://oceansupercluster.ca/board-of-directors/
2. The cluster is headed by former Deloitte employee - https://www.linkedin.com/in/kendra-macdonald-
40b574/?originalSubdomain=ca
3. There needs to be audited F/S and audited performance reports for this entities -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/internal-audit-and-performance-base-auditing
4. The world is seeing more reclamation of sea by urban planners -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/urban-and-rural-planning-whats-next-236315321
5. Fish tracking technology - https://www.thechronicleherald.ca/business/local-business/ocean-aware-
project-puts-29-million-in-play-for-fish-research-in-atlantic-canada-478550/

22. ANALYTICS AND OCEANS
• Data and AI Seafood Clusters - https://www.ibm.com/case-studies/the-seafood-innovation-cluster-
hybrid-cloud-fish-farming
• Data science and salmon farming - https://www.ibm.com/blogs/cloud-computing/2018/09/17/data-
science-norway-fish-farmers/
• Precision fish farming will rely on data and AI - https://www.seafoodsource.com/news/supply-
trade/precision-fisheries-of-the-future-will-rely-on-data-and-ai-to-improve-profits
• First ever smart fish farm -
https://new.siemens.com/sg/en/products/services/industry/aquaculture.html
• Using modeling as part of better sales forecasting - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAWkTPG-F-
c&t=121s

23. REGULATORY ISSUES / CANADA
Of 472 seafood samples collected from Canadian grocery stores and restaurants, nearly half were mislabeled. In part, that is
because the place of origin on seafood products may only suggest the last place the product was processed, which is allowed
under Canada’s current standards, she added.
The report calculates that the illicit seafood trade in Canada results in lost tax revenues of nearly $94 million, as unreported
catches equal an estimated 14 per cent of the $3.9-billion annual landed value for marine fisheries.
The group also found Canadians are spending up to $160 million annually on seafood caught via undocumented fishing.
Source - https://www.supplypro.ca/regulatory-gaps-in-canadian-seafood-supply-chain-pose-threat-oceana-canada/
• Other sources
1. Department of Fisheries - https://ipolitics.ca/2020/10/30/the-biggest-threat-to-wild-pacific-salmon-is-fisheries-and-
oceans-canada/
2. Health of stocks - https://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/English/att__e_41734.html
3. Aquaculture - https://www.saltwire.com/business/local-business/fish-and-aquaculture-groups-team-up-on-a-20-year-
vision-for-canadas-seafood-industry-510336/
4. More work needs to be done to support exports of seafood in a sustainable way -
https://www.fishfarmingexpert.com/article/canadian-seafood-industry-delivers-blueprint-for-a-blue-economy/
5. Exports - https://www.seafoodnews.com/Story/1136275/China-Boosts-the-Development-of-Canadas-Seafood-Industry

24. WATER AND OCEANS
There are many issues with water and its
waterways including waste being dumped into
various water systems.
The world continues to reclaim parts of
waterways for its urban development –
https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/05/4th-
mainland-bridge-to-gulp-2-5bn-now-
%E2%80%95-lagos-govt/ or
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2021/0
5/04/commentary/world-commentary/sand-
construction-development-environment-oceans-
pollution/ or Water -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/wate
r-management-water-crisis-world-may-2021

25. WHAT’S NEXT
• Aquaculture has thrived under previous governments - https://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/aquaculture/sector-secteur/stats-eng.htm
• Expanding exports of seafood in a sustainable way - https://www2.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/merchandise-trade-canada-september-2020
• Proper environmental assessments need to be completed and audited from time to time ensure aquaculture farms are not impacting the
environment - https://cottagelife.com/outdoors/a-study-reveals-the-ecological-impact-of-aquaculture-in-ontarios-great-lakes/
• More and more technology needs to be used a part of supporting aquaculture. The government will need to review tax policies including capital
write-down - http://bcsalmonfarmers.ca/b-c-company-leads-aquaculture-industry-with-tech-advancements/
• More work is required when it comes to management of waterways - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/global-emissions-and-the-
environment
• More performance and operational audits of water management by all levels of govt - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/the-role-of-
operational-and-performancebased-auditing-on-government-and-the-private-sector
• Feds launch new aircraft to improve conservation and protection of oceans - https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/environment-and-safety/feds-launch-new-
aircraft-to-improve-conservation-and-protection-of-oceans-267154/
• Why are drones not being used along with data, AI, and Platform? https://www.brookings.edu/research/drones-and-aerial-surveillance-considerations-for-legislatures/ or https://hackernoon.com/how-drones-
are-transforming-big-data-analytics-gszq30tr
•