More and more countries are lifting vaccine mandates. The supply chain continues to face many challenges. Immune and gene therapy continue to explore at different ways to treat diseases. Little has been said about the need for all levels of government to have better crisis and risk management policies and procedures. WHO governance model needs to have more audits as part of ensuring steps are taken to mitigate future pandemics.

1. GEOPOLITICAL EVENTS – VIRUSES
MANAGEMENT – WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION AND WORLD
GOVERNMENTS
Paul Young CPA CGA
March 26, 2022

2. PAUL YOUNG - BIO
Contact information email: Paul_Young_CGA@hotmail.com
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-young-055632b/
SlideShare - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga
Twitter: https://twitter.com/paulyoungcpa
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/user/youngercga1968/videos
CPA, CGA (1996)
Academia (PF1, FA4, FN2, MU1. and MS2)
SME – Customer Success Management
SME – Risk Management
SME – Close, Consolidate and Reporting
SME – Public Policy
SME – Emerging Technology
SME – Business Process Change
SME – Financial Solutions
SME – Macro/Micro Indicators
SME – Supply Chain Management
SME – Data, AI, Security, and Platform
SME – Internal Controls and Auditing

3. AGENDA
• Inflation
• Stock Market
• Wealth
• Cases
• Deaths
• Vaccinations by country
• Vaccinations / Delivery
• Vaccines / Approval
• Vaccinations / Procurement
• Employment – January 2021 (USA vs Canada)
• Unemployment (Canada vs OECD and G7)
• Stock Market
• Global GDP / Forecast
• Blog – Crisis Management
• Blog – New Normal
• Blog – Supply Chain
• Summary
• Training/Development

4. TOP GEOPOLITICAL THREATS
Source - https://www.ey.com/en_jo/geostrategy/when-political-disruption-surrounds-you-whats-your-next-strategic-
move
1. A two-tiered world
2. Evolving great power relationships
3. Middle powers on the global stage
4. Rise of cyber piracy
5. Climate change political nexus
6. Green mineral nationalism
7. Increase intervention supply chain
8. Technology nationalization
9. Expansion of the Brussels effect
10. Inequality and push for redistribution

5. PRESENTATION TITLE 5
Summary:
U.S. stocks were mixed Friday but closed mostly higher for the week after a streak of up and down days on Wall Street as investors further
mulled the path forward for interest rates and a host of new sanctions against Russia.
The S&P 500 was up 0.5% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average registered a 150-point, or about 0.4%, gain, with both benchmarks logging
a second straight week of gains. The Nasdaq Composite climbed back from session lows but closed just below breakeven after the index was
dragged down by sales of tech stocks as bond yields climbed. The 10-year Treasury benchmark rose to yield 2.5%.
Source - https://finance.yahoo.com/news/stock-market-news-live-updates-march-25-2022-221219849.html and
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-up-with-the-stock-market-march-25-2022pptx
1. Commodities - https://www.barrons.com/articles/opec-oil-prices-51648082025
2. Critical metals - https://www.barrons.com/articles/opec-oil-prices-51648082025
3. Interest rates - https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/boc-sees-households-better-shape-165957354.html
4. Low income and loans - https://www.thestar.com/business/2022/03/24/low-income-canadians-who-turned-to-loans-with-up-to-60-
interest-during-pandemic-forced-into-vicious-cycles-of-debt-survey-finds.html
5. Inflation - https://www.scotiabank.com/ca/en/about/perspectives.articles.economy.2022-03-economic-indicators-trends-global-market-
insights.html
6. ESG - https://www.funds-europe.com/sponsored-features/regulation-panel-calls-for-simplicity-in-esg-reporting
7. Geopolitical Risks - https://www.iiss.org/blogs/analysis/2022/03/corporate-rejection-of-russia-marks-new-era-of-political-risk
8. WTO - https://www.iiss.org/blogs/analysis/2022/03/corporate-rejection-of-russia-marks-new-era-of-political-risk
9. Food security - https://vocm.com/2022/03/25/trudeau-says-canada-ready-to-help-with-supply-of-grain-and-potash-amid-global-food-
security-concerns/
10. Housing - https://www.nationalmortgagenews.com/news/home-prices-hit-new-highs-as-listings-decline-redfin

6. BMO – CONSUMER PRICE INDEX
Source -
https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/
2cb89f8c-5f2c-4cd1-b642-550ea67076e2/
Source – BMO - https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/f3043170-c659-40f3-
b37f-14ca75272422/
U.S. CPI Still Behind
the Eight Ball.pdf
Canadian CPI — Got
Milk Inflation .pdf

7. OECD AND INFLATION

8. WEALTH global-wealth-report-
2015.pdf
At $514 trillion, China
overtakes US in terms of amassing the biggest net worth, World News wionews.com.pdf
The rapid growth in
global wealth McKinsey.pdf

9. HOSPITALIZATION

10. CASES
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rates-
and-analysis/economic-
analysis.html
weekly-economic-wat
ch.pdf
covid19-daily-monito
r_20222603.pdf

11. DEATHS
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rat
es-and-
analysis/economic-
analysis.html

12. HOSPITALIZATION
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rat
es-and-
analysis/economic-
analysis.html

13. DOSAGE
Source -
https://www.nbc.ca/en/rates
-and-analysis/economic-
analysis.html

14. VACCINES
APPROVAL
Source -
https://www.nytimes.com/inter
active/2020/science/coronaviru
s-vaccine-tracker.html

15. PROCUREMENT
/
VACCINATIONS
Source -
https://launchandscalefaster.or
g/COVID-19

16. VACCINATION
DOSAGE
Source -
https://www.economist.co
m/graphic-
detail/tracking-
coronavirus-across-the-
world

17. USA VS CANADA EMPLOYMENT U.S. Payrolls Another
Gold Medal Month.pdf
Cdn Jobs Silver
Lining in Reopening Playbook.pdf

18. GDP – CANADA VS USA
Source - https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/5d512b38-d983-47d7-b6e9-
a343cbe5c8a7/ or https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/us-economic-
forecast/united-states-outlook-analysis.html
BMO -
https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/1be1761a-
815a-439e-bfaa-476fb22c271f/
GDP - USA -
3Q21.pdf

19. USA VS CANADA – RETAIL SALES
BMO -
https://economics.bmo.com/en/publications/detail/22b2cd6b-
9bd5-40bd-adb5-cc731fd39393/
https://economics.bmo.com/en/publicati
ons/detail/aa07ad91-c6e1-4f66-9955-
c8e8ab17638d/
U.S. Retail Sales The
Pause That Refreshes - Consumer spending.pdf
A Joyous January
Indeed.pdf

20. GDP FORECAST
Source – Scotiabank
Incoming data confirm a robust Canadian economy. With
wages rising and upside surprises to inflation, we now
believe the Bank of Canada (BoC) will raise rates in April,
followed by three consecutive 25 bps moves in following
meetings. A pause is likely late in 2022 to assess the
impacts of the first set of moves. We remain of the view
that 100 bps of tightening is forthcoming in 2022, followed
by another 100 bps in 2023. The real policy rate would
remain negative through the end of 2023.
• While emergence of the omicron variant increases
uncertainty in the short-run, upside risks to the rate
forecast dominate. We’ll be re-assessing our rate forecast
once we have more clarity on the likely impacts of
omicron.
• The review of the BoC’s inflation-control mandate clouds
the rate and inflation outlook. Given the time it is taking to
come to a decision on the 5-year review, we fear the
Government and BoC are contemplating important
changes to the mandate. If that were to occur, greater
uncertainty would be introduced in the central bank’s
reaction function with potential impacts on inflation
expectations.
• The Federal Reserve is now clearly signaling concerns
about inflation and appears to be paving the way for
higher policy rates in the United States. We have brought
forward our expected rate increases from late-2022 to mid-
2022, with 100 bps of tightening expected in the year.
Global GDP - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/what-is-
next-for-the-global-economy-december-2021

21. BLOG – CRISIS MANAGEMENT
There are emergency management
depts for a reason. So, why has
emergency management not been
subjected to annual audits as part of
scrutinization when it comes to
geopolitical events?
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcg
a/crisis-and-emergency-management-
how-best-to-manage-risk

22. AUDIT REPORT / CANADA PANDEMIC
Crisis Management
Auditor/Report
Despite nearly two decades of warnings, planning and government spending, the
Public Health Agency of Canada was not ready for the global pandemic and did not
appreciate the threat it posed in its early stages, Canada's auditor general says.
In a hard-hitting review released today, Auditor General Karen Hogan took the
country's primary pandemic response agency to task for failures in early warning,
surveillance, risk assessments, data-sharing with the provinces and follow-up on
Canadian travelers who were ordered into quarantine.
"The agency was not adequately prepared to respond to the pandemic, and it
underestimated the potential impact of the virus at the onset of the pandemic," said
the AG's review — one of three that looked at the Liberal government's management
of the COVID-19 crisis, which as of Thursday had killed 22,780 Canadians and
brought the country's economy to its knees.
https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/auditor-general-pandemic-covid-phac-1.5963895
Here is my work on crisis management -
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/why-there-needs-to-be-audited-reports-of-
crisis-emergency-management-policies-and-procedures

23. NEW NORMAL
Here are many links on great work by Mckinsey Group - https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/coronavirus-
leading-through-the-crisis?cid=other-eml-nsl-mip-
mck&hlkid=e220291424cb421991e4e6a3b37ecb2d&hctky=11493232&hdpid=b812b692-ed48-496d-a1e4-
9eb133561e6b#
I can add a bit more color in terms of what needs to transpire:
1. Careers in demand are those that are in areas like skills trades or healthcare or Information technology.
2. World continues to grow public sector employment at higher rate than the goods-producing sector.
3. Targeting policies that will support the reshoring of key parts of the supply chain.
4. Better balance between regulations when it comes to supporting getting goods to market.
5. More targeted focus of customers on areas like customer success to better help drive transformation of both the
public and private sectors.
6. Information technology will play a key role in terms of transforming the economy.
7. Fixing issues with global trade including the elimination of protectionism policies.
8. Reforming taxation including transforming tax acts as well as closing-down tax havens.
9. Reforming the housing market to ensure it is more affordable.
10. Reforming the size of government as part of moving to a digital model
Source - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/new-normal-canada-and-the-world-february-2021-242414576

24. SUPPLY CHAIN
https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/china-s-trade-unexpectedly-surges-despite-virus-outbreaks-
1.1648671?taid=61373efe2b6d260001ced600&utm_campaign=trueAnthem+Manual&utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_sour
ce=twitter
There are enormous issues with ports, rails, and other parts of the infrastructure's ability to move goods to the end consumer.
https://ibm.box.com/s/bqy9mr0ktlgi64sbf49o4rg5d9w0rqkn
Blog – How to build a resilient Supply Chain using Data and AI
https://ibm.box.com/s/bqy9mr0ktlgi64sbf49o4rg5d9w0rqkn

25. SUPPLY CHAIN
Blog – Ecommerce and Retail – Container Shortage and Risks to Supply Chain
Ship-building companies continue to work on building ever larger container vessels, and there’s little
evidence this trend will stop anytime soon.
Today, an estimated 90% of the world’s goods are transported by sea, with 60% of that – including virtually
all your imported fruits, gadgets and appliances – packed in large steel containers. The rest is mainly
commodities like oil or grains that are poured directly into the hull. In total, about US$14 trillion of the
world’s goods spend some time inside a big metal box.
In short, without the standardized container, the global supply chain that society depends upon – and that I
study – would not exist.
A recent shortage of these containers is raising costs and snarling supply chains of thousands of products
across the world. The situation highlights the importance of the simple yet essential cargo containers that,
from a distance, resemble Lego blocks floating on the sea.
https://www.canadianmanufacturing.com/features/global-shortage-of-shipping-containers-highlights-their-importance-
in-getting-goods-to-amazon-warehouses-store-shelves-and-your-door-in-time-for-christmas/

26. NEXT PANDEMIC
Source - https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/g20-leaders-urged-at-
global-health-summit-to-take-bold-action-to-prevent-future-pandemics-
868068233.html
TORONTO, May 21, 2021 /CNW/ - As G20 leaders meet for a Global Health Summit, the global
charity World Animal Protection is urging them to prioritize pandemic prevention and to curb the
global commercial wildlife trade due to its role in this pandemic and previous epidemics.
How come you never demand performance audits from @WHO
https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/the-importance-of-
value-for-money-and-perfomance-based-audits

27. RISK MANAGEMENT
Blog – Managing Data as part of Mitigating Geopolitical Risks –
Private and Public Sector
• This ties nicely into my many blogs around how best to
managed data as it relates to geopolitical events:
• Audit and Risk Analytics
https://ibm.ent.box.com/folder/116292560123
• Crisis and Emergency Management -
https://ibm.box.com/s/rsp6p9tez8uru9fo0wu5d13bxt7rtrr0

28. OTHER GEOPOLITICAL RISKS
Source - https://globalriskinsights.com/
1. Chile Election
2. Sudan political instability
3. EMEA dependence on Russia Natural Gas
4. South Africa political instability
5. Future Pandemic outbreak
6. China and Taiwan
7. Ukraine and Russia Conflict
8. Military coups in Africa
9. Iran nuclear weapons
10. Hamas and Hezbollah

29. IMPROVING IMMUNE SYSTEMS
• Improving the immune system - https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2020/mar/5-ways-to-boost-
your-immune-system/
• Food and immune system - https://www.healthline.com/health/food-nutrition/foods-that-boost-the-immune-
system
• Startups - https://www.medicalstartups.org/top/immunotherapy/
• Gene and cell therapy = https://www.drugtargetreview.com/article/100201/highlights-from-drug-target-
reviews-cell-gene-therapy-advancements-online-summit/

30. BOOSTER SHOTS
Source - https://fortune.com/2022/01/19/covid-19-
boosters-block-immunity-omicron-study-finds/
COVID boosters do
not provide protection against Omicron, study finds Fortune - Heatlhcare.pdf

31. FOOD COSTS
1. Trucker shortage
2. Factor labor shortage
3. Rising warehouse costs
4. Food scarcity
5. Supply chain delays
https://www.thomasnet.com/insights/5-reasons-why-groceries-are-so-expensive-right-now/?ecms_id=6176bbf5-ba66-
4d82-89f1-df3e9ceb9969&ecms_short=ART6517&doc_type=ted_article&sponsored=&acct=&parent_id=d2286731-
fef9-4f48-8a45-
df0f64c043f9&utm_content=featuredstory&position=2&linktype=title&channel=email&campaign_type=thomas_ind
ustry_update&campaign_name=tiu220204&utm_campaign=tiu220204&utm_medium=email&utm_source=thomas_i
ndustry_update&tinid=221763045
Here is my work - https://www.slideshare.net/paulyoungcga/transportation-sector-analysis-and-commentary-
december-2021

32. SUMMARY
• More and more countries are lifting vaccine mandates.
• Supply chain continues to face many challenges.
• Immune and gene therapy continue to explore at different ways to treat diseases.
• Little has been said about the need for all levels of government to have better crisis and risk
management policies and procedures.
• WHO governance model needs to have more audits as part ensuring steps are taking to
mitigate future pandemics.
Blog – What is next for Geopolitical Risks and Events (Future Pandemics)
weekly-economic-wat
ch.pdf
covid19-daily-monito
r_20222603.pdf
Weekly Insights
Barclays Corporate and Investment Bank.pdf
China Economy Faces
Worst Slowdown Since Pandemic, Nomura Says - Bloomberg.pdf
McGill joins Moderna
in battle against global health threats Channels - McGill University.pdf
The Grave Wealth
Gap Between Celebrities And You.pdf
It's a matter of
national security Sanofi doesn't want new high-rise neighbors watching its Toronto plant Fierce Pharma.pdf
Make Resilience Your
Company’s Strategic Advantage.pdf
Are the Risks of
Global Supply Chains Starting to Outweigh the Rewards .pdf
Geo-political tensions
threaten global commitment to decarbonization TheHill.pdf
Food security is back
on EU leaders’ menu with a global flavour – EURACTIV.com.pdf
Swiss Re outlines
danger of stagflation - Reinsurance News.pdf
The health benefits of
popular foods.pdf
Drugs for
Immunotherapy Global Market Report 2022.pdf
2022 forecast Cell,
gene therapy makers push past regulatory, payer hurdles to set up high hopes for next year Fierce Pharma.pdf
The American
healthcare crisis Why nurses are traveling south TravelDailyNews International.pdf
Mayo vaccinologist
says COVID-19's future is impossible to predict - Duluth News Tribune News, weather, and sports from Duluth, Minnesota.pdf
United Way report
shows housing costs outpacing wages in Huron-Perth The Stratford Beacon Herald.pdf
Pharmaceutical
Spending Up 77% Over 10 Years, Yet Out-of-Pocket Prescription Drug Costs Have Fallen in Same Period - ValuePenguin.pdf
OHIP Dental
Coverage and Free Dental Care Ontario in 2021.pdf
Summary:
Little traction has been made addressing the systemic issues with healthcare -
https://www.traveldailynews.com/post/the-american-healthcare-crisis-why-nurses-are-traveling-south
Little has been done to mitigate the spread of future viruses -
https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/newsmd/mayo-vaccinologist-says-covid-19s-future-is-impossible-
to-predict
Housing costs are out pacing wages - https://www.stratfordbeaconherald.com/news/local-news/united-
way-housing-report-shows-housing-costs-outpacing-wages-in-huron-perth
Government like of Canada are pushing pharmacare without truly grasping all angles when it comes to
the cost of drugs - https://www.valuepenguin.com/pharmaceutical-spending-study
Many people around the world have private healthcare insurance. Those costs have been on the rise -
https://www.benefitscanada.com/benefits/health-benefits/employer-health-benefits-cost-trends-to-
rise-8-1-globally-in-2022-survey/
Politicians are looking for votes instead of looking at how best to deliver programs like dental care to
their residents - https://www.smilecaredental.ca/blog/ohip-dental-coverage-free-dental-care-ontario-
2021
1. Global GDP - https://www.cib.barclays/our-insights/weekly-insights.html
2. China GDP - https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-26/china-economy-faces-
worst-slowdown-since-pandemic-nomura-says
3. Future pandemics - https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/channels/news/mcgill-joins-moderna-
battle-against-global-health-threats-338693
4. Wealth - https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/grave-wealth-gap-between-celebrities-160650281.html

33. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT
• If you like to learn more
about trade and/or other
subjects as part of your
professional learning, and
development then feel
free to review my material
on
https://www.udemy.com/
(search Paul Young CPA
CGA)
• These subjects address
how to fixed issues with
housing and/or systemic
issues related to economy
including government
policies