Theory And The Nursing Process

Theory and the Nursing Process
Theory and the Nursing Process
Kenneth L. Harris
University of Phoenix
Community and Family Nursing
NSG 420
June 22, 2015
Kimberly Lewis RN, MSN–Ed
Theory and the Nursing Process The theoretical basis for public and community nurses began in the
nineteenth century with Florence Nightingale. Nightingale believed in the prevention and
surveillance of diseases. She further believed that a disease was more prevalent in poor
environments. She proved that good health was more prevalent with a good environment for
instance providing adequate ventilation, clean water, warmth, light, and cleanliness during the
Crimean War (Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014).
The public and community health nurse can affect change in behavior by ... Show more content on
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The activities include physical and occupational therapy, nutrition counseling, and case management
("Community Health Nursing," 2013).
The two theories the Nightingale and the Knowles are an example of the integration of the nursing
and education discipline to promote a health community and protect the population from illness,
communicable diseases, injury, and death. The challenges are great but obtainable.
The use of the survey by the community and public health nurses to identify problems and develop a
plan of action. The development of education programs by employing the Knowles principles to
reach out to the adult learner.
The mission of community and public health nursing is related back to the work of Florence
Nightingale. Her observation that good environment leads to good health and bad environment leads
to bad health.
References
Allender, J. A., Rector, C., & Warner, K. D. (2014). Community and public health nursing (8
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins.
Beagley, L. (2011, October). Educating Patients: Understanding Barriers, Learning Styles, and
Teaching Techniques. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 26, 331–337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2011.06.002
Martin, D., & Yurkovich, E. (2014). "Close–Knit" Defines a Healthy Native American Indian
Family. Journal of Family Nursing, 20(51–72).

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Nursing Process
The nursing process is described as being an individualised problem solving approach in which
patients receive nursing care. The nursing process consists of four distinct phases, each having a
discreet role in the process, theses phases of the process are: assessment, planning, intervention and
evaluation. (Oxford Dictionary of Nursing 2003) It is important that the four stages of the process
from assessment to evaluation are carried out sequentially because each phase follows logically
from one to the other. As a result the maximum well–being of the patient is always the key issue and
the nurse is aware and confident of action to be taken during intervention. This essay will describe
the nursing process and the importance each of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However this may lead to conflict as the nurse and the patient may have different priorities from
each other, for example, if the patient requires a blood transfusion but they are a Jehovah witness. It
has been accepted that planning is a process which offers patient 's active involvement in deciding,
agreeing and knowing how their health will be managed, thus allowing the patient 's ethical belief to
stay intact. (Department of Health 2006 (DH)). Once the planning stage of the nursing process is
completed the next stage is intervention. The intervention phase of the nursing process is the
beginning of the practical nursing care to the patient. Details of treatment are clearly given to and
are acknowledged by the patient. Thus goals laid out in planning will be achieved by the patient and
nursing staff. Throughout this phase the nurse will continually review the patient to ensure that the
interventions are successful (Jyoti Beck 2011). It has been suggested that the early phase of
intervention is time consuming. However as soon as the procedures are integrated into daily
standard care they become more manageable even when they are in addition to the current
workloads as long as the goals are in suitable practice (Maria Dunckley et al 2005). This suggests
that the nurse must ensure that they never undermine the care of a patient 's everyday needs as these
are as important as the action

Orlando's Theory Of The Deliberative Nursing Process
Critique Analysis This section presents an analysis of Orlando's theory. The central thesis of the
Theory of the Deliberative Nursing Process is finding out and meeting the patient's immediate need
for help. The concepts and propositions of the theory are written at a concrete level of discussion
(Fawcett, & Desanto–Madeya, 2013). The theory is classified as a middle–range predicative theory.
The theory identifies the effects of a specific interpersonal nursing process on identification of the
patient's immediate need for help. origins. Ida Jean Orlando was born in 1929. She obtained her
diploma in nursing from New York Medical College, her Bachelor of Science in public health
nursing from St. John's University and Masters in mental health nursing at Columbia University
(Current Nursing, 2013). She was an Associate Professor at Yale School of Nursing and Director of
the Graduate Program in Mental Health Psychiatric Nursing (Current Nursing, 2013). Orlando
published her book The Dynamic Nurse–Patient Relationship in 1961. Orlando does not credit any
theoretical sources in the development of her theory (Necor, 2014, p. 5). She formulated the
deliberative nursing process from the considerable amount of data she recorded on nurse patient
observations. She evaluated facts from those observations to develop her theory. Orlando
proclaimed that her theory is valid and applied it in her work with patients and nurses and the
teaching of students (Necor, 2014, p. 5). unique focus.

The Importance Of Clinical Reasoning And Judgement In The...
Clinical Reasoning and Judgement in The Nursing Process
Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are essential skills to develop a sound clinical judgement.
Nurses use critical thinking models and processes to support and organize the interventions that they
perform in the clinical setting. In the scenario of Mr. Patient requesting for a "Do Not Resuscitate"
order, I used the nursing process to serve as the framework of the patient care and the Lasater's
Clinical Judgment Rubric by Kathie Lasater (2007) to guide my reflection. In this paper, I will
describe the skills that were used in relation to the nursing process, provide analysis of the model
and application of learning in terms of CNO competencies, and evaluate my clinical decision–
making in terms of patient outcomes. While, the nursing process, served as a guide to organize my
thought process in relation to the overall picture of the patient, I also incorporated thinking
structures such as ABC and Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs to determine the prioritization in each
activity. Furthermore, I utilized the Structured Prebriefing Worksheet by Karin Page–Cutrara (2015)
to make inferences from the data before engaging in the scenario.
Clinical Reasoning Skills in Scenario
The main clinical issue in the scenario is the need of a "Do Not Resuscitate" order by the client. In
the pre–briefing process, I predicted that the patient needs medication to reduce his chronic pain
related to his previous medical history of prostate cancer and transurethral resection of prostate.
Using the nursing process, I am able to systematically assess and deliver appropriate interventions
to the patient. I prioritize his chronic pain over his feelings, based on the Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs. As I complete his physical assessment, I noticed that his pain level is the only variable that is
out of the normal limits. I examined his pain in detail using the PQRST pain assessment tool. I tried
to look for more gaps in my assessment when I inquire about his feelings in which I learned that
patient would like to have a DNR order.
In the planning phase, the health care team had a discussion about prioritization. On one hand, the
patient's pain level is eight out of ten that needed

Phases of The Nursing Process
Introduction The nursing process is "An organised, systematic and deliberate approach to nursing
with the aim of improving standards in nursing care" (Rush S, Fergy S &Weels D, 1996).The five
steps of the nursing process are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluating. It
was developed by Ida Jean in Florida, USA in 1958 and it was transferred to the UK by 1970.The
'process 'is neither a 'model 'nor a 'philosophy' as it is sometimes defined but merely a method of
reasonable discerning and it needs to be used with a clear nursing model. This is foundation for
integrating the development into our model for ideal nursing. Throughout the process the patient's
independence should be endured in mind in all the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The primary source of information about the patient is the patient himself. However, secondary
sources such as health records and family members are important especially in the case of children
and disoriented, unconscious or severely ill or disabled people. Information given willingly by the
person is categorized as subjective, whereas other types of information such as data from
measurements are objective (Roper, Logan, Tierney, 1996 p.52).It involves asking the patient about
observable signs and the non–observable symptoms. During assessment the care provider
establishes a data base, continuously updates the data base, validates data and communicates data.
(CamillieriM, 2013). Diagnosis The second phase in nursing process is formulating a nursing
diagnosis and examination and combination of data (Camillieri M, 2013). Nurses diagnose human
responses to actual or potential health problems after analyzing and interpreting the data they collect
from their assessment (LearningExpress Editors, 2009).NANDA (North American Nurses Diagnosis
Associations) that was established in 1973 to identify standards and classify health problems treated
by nurses defines nursing diagnosis as a clinical judgment about individual, family, or potential
health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing
interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable.

The nursing process Essay
The standards of practice describe a competent level of nursing care as exhibited by the critical
thinking model known as the nursing process. This practice includes the areas of assessment,
diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing process
includes significant actions taken by registered nurses (RN) and forms the foundation of the nurse's
decision–making ("American Nurses Association," 2010). Assessment is the accurate collection of
comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health or the situation ("American Nurses
Association," 2010). Assessment is the first step in the nursing process and the most important.
Assessment is the accurate collection of the patient's health date ... Show more content on
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It is during the second phase that the nurse must establish a nursing diagnosis. Only diagnosis
approved and listed through The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) may be
used. Ineffective airway clearance, risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for infection and ineffective
coping are just a few examples of NANDA approved diagnosis. A nursing diagnosis is a clinical
judgment about actual or potential individual, family, or community experiences/responses to health
problems/life processes. A nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions
to achieve outcomes for which the nurse has accountability (Defining the Knowledge," 2012). The
third standard of practice is outcomes identification. During this phase, the registered nurse
identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation ("American
Nurses Association," 2010). During this step outcomes must be derived from the nursing diagnosis
and must be measurable, realistic and attainable by the patient. The registered nurse involves the
patient, family, heath care providers, and others in formulating expected outcomes when possible
and appropriate. The registered nurse must also consider associated risks, benefits, costs, current
scientific evidence, expected trajectory of the condition, and clinical expertise when formulating
outcomes ("American Nurses Association," 2010). Example of an

Human Flourishing and the Nursing Process
Healing the Mind, Body, and Soul through Caring: Bridging the Science of Nursing and the Human
Spirit Verity A. Becher Pueblo Community College, Southwest Campus Introduction Nursing is as
much science as it is a study in the human condition. Combining caring and the notion of human
flourishing allows the nurse sharpen her understanding of patients' needs by observing and
understanding herself (Husted & Husted, 2008). A nurse is able to better anticipate the needs of
her patients by noting similarities and differences between the two of them. With caring in the
nursing corner, even under less–than–ideal conditions, one can still create havens of hope,
nourishment, and the possibility for flourishing (MacCulloh, 2011). When ... Show more content on
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Human flourishing encompasses the uniqueness, dignity, diversity, freedom, happiness, and holistic
well–being of the individual within the larger family, community, and population (PCC, 2012).
Bringing these two concepts together is like having an umbrella during a rain storm; individually
they are helpful and necessary but together they are the perfect combination. Caring is that feeling
deep down that drives nurses to strive for and promote the notion of human flourishing. To help
patients achieve the best possible health that they can. It is important to utilize nursing skills of
honesty, taking risks, critically thinking, compassion, creativity, and caring (MacCulloch, 2011). To
care is to feel and understand what your patient is going through influencing action to help the
patient achieve their best possible self, and then allow both the patient and one's self to grow in
every aspect of life; to flourish inside the body and as a member of the community. Personal
Reflection I chose to write about the connection between caring and human flourishing because I
believe that everything in our lives

Nursing Budgeting Process Paper
Budgeting is an important managerial process to plan and control the finances of a unit. There are
multiple factors that impact the nurse budgeting process and each organization has its own approach
in the budgeting process. The nursing leader has the fiscal responsibility to balance the long–term
fiscal needs of the organization with the patients' short term health care needs .The final budget is
usually the result of a compromise of these factors that affect the organization. s The purpose of this
paper is to discuss nursing budget in the context of health care nursing leadership. Question 1.
Describes the various internal and external forces that impact the development of the budget in a
healthcare facility (like the hospital)? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The internal factors are those that impact the provision of health care on a daily basis (Finkler et al.,
2007). These factors are health care staffing, wages for regular and temporary health care providers,
medical equipment, office supplies and repair and maintenance (Gallagher & Hodge, 2012). These
factors fall under the umbrella of the operating budget. According to Dunham–Taylor & Pinczuk
(2015), the operating budget cover the day–to–day cost of the unit, and represents "best guess" of
costs over an incoming period (Dunham–Taylor & Pinczuk, 2015). Acording to Finkler, Kovner and
Jones (2007), the largest element of nursing operating budget is usually health care staffing. The
authors added that "nursing personnel costs dominate largely because the clinical care provided by
nurses is essential to the process of providing health care services" (Finkler, et al., 2007). Health
care staffing budget is prioritized according to the immediate staffing need in the nursing unit. High
acuity levels often require an increase in the utilization of licensed nursing personnel , which relates
to increased salary expenditures. For example, the intensive care unit will generally require a higher
staff–to–patient ratio than a regular nursing floor and will incur a much larger nursing expense than
the regular

Stakeholders in Nursing Programs' Evaluation Process
Part 1 Stakeholders on Nursing Programs Evaluation Process First, we must ask who the
stakeholders are when it comes to any nursing program. This is a wide universe, for the stakeholders
are many. First, of course, we have instructors at the university level, most of whom have been or
are practicing professionals. Then there are the administrators of the program who must continually
search out money and grants to keep the program going. We then move into the public sector:
patients, families, physicians, support staff at healthcare facilities, healthcare administration, HMOs,
private insurers, and governmental agencies (Colvin, et.al., 2008). Each has a role to play within the
evaluation process. If we divide these groups, we find some commonalities: The administrators
Each person in charge of any program that has anything to do with nursing has an effect on the
evaluation process. They must be confident that the quality and consistency of nursing is being met
when they graduate students (accreditation) or hire. They must know that the programs are meeting
state and Federal requirements and must continually lobby for funding to keep the flow of
professional nurses coming as needed. Medical Professionals This is possibly the most robust of the
stakeholder group, and also the most critical. In this information age, medical technology is
changing so rapidly that it is hard to keep up. Medical professionals, from physicians to specialists
to technicians influence the type

Nursing Home Evaluation Process Paper
The evaluation process allows information to be collected and analysed, allowing decisions to be
made about effectiveness, quality and outcomes of programs (Robertson & Long, 2008, p. 96).
Evaluation allows accountability for practice and services (Alston & Bowles, 2012, p. 178). This
process is extremely important within nursing homes as not only are the evaluations used internally
but outcomes may be requested by government funding programs, insurance companies,
professional organizations or accreditation agencies (Robertson & Long, 2008, p. 96). Evaluation
makes service providers accountable and ensures they are providing quality care or services to an
individual or group (Robertson & Long, 2008, p. 96). Quality assurance should motivate

Process Of Making Appropriate Nursing Decisions
Delegation is the process of making appropriate nursing judgment to achieve maximum patient care
outcomes. This process is done by the registered nurse, with the understanding of the organizational
structure, policies and culture of the institution. This skill has to be mastered by the registered nurse
regardless of the method of nursing care delivery. This process can be challenging as well as a
learning experience to gain proficiency in delegation and maintain the safety and well being of the
patient (Yoder–Wise, 2015). To provide safety, critical thinking, stability and time usage the
registered nurse needs to take several steps to foster effective delegation. Several steps in the
delegation process that need to be followed using appropriate authority. These include, selecting "
the right task under the right circumstances, to the right person, with the right direction and
communication, and under the right supervision and evaluation" (Yoder–Wise, 2015). The registered
nurse must consider if the task is legal and appropriate to delegate based on institutional policies and
procedures. This step involves an assessment of the skills of each individual based on their ability to
perform the work. Is the task within the capabilities of the licensed practical nurse and the
unlicensed nursing assistant? Does the task involve little or no modification from patient care
situation to another? The patient needs should be assessed to maximize efficiency in task
assignments and

Identify the stages of the Nursing Process and the skills...
The nursing process is a five stage systematic framework, and based on the problem solving
approach; it forms the foundation for nursing practice to facilitate focussed, individualised care
planning for patients (Yildirim and Ozkahraman 2011). This assignment will serve to identify the
five stages of the nursing process: Assessment, Nursing Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation and
Evaluation. The skills: Communication, Observation, Critical Thinking and Reflection involved
within the nursing process in partnership with the patient will also be highlighted. The first stage of
the nursing process is assessment. This is a continuous process from hospital admission to
discharge. It is about compiling objective and subjective information ... Show more content on
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It is critical that it is used in a multisensory manner for it to be fully effective (Pellico 2009). For
example, a sense of hearing and touch may need to be used during observation of a wound healing,
whilst simultaneously interacting with the patient. The nurse must then decide, with the help of the
patient, what was identified from the healing wound, and use critical thinking to make effective and
safe clinical decisions (Kisiel and Perkins 2006). Critical thinking not only involves thinking
systematically, and questioning judgements and reasons related to decision making (Farell 2011),
but it also requires all the skills identified above, throughout the whole of nursing practice. The
Nursing Diagnosis, being the second stage in the process, involves interpretation of data, which may
result in other potential problems (Junttila 2010). Clinical judgements and nursing goals are then
made based on the data collected from the assessment stage (Huckabay 2009). For instance, a
patient may present with obesity, possibly resulting in high blood pressure or depression. A goal of
care may be to promote acceptance of body image and weight loss strategies with the most up to
date evidence. Unlike medical diagnoses, a nursing diagnosis is holistic were the nurse considers the
health of the whole person. In doing so, the nurse will be able to put in place individualised patient
care during intervention. This should enhance and form good

Strategic Planning Nursing Process
Strategic Planning and Nursing Process Every decision–making process requires the basic steps of
problem identification, intervention and evaluation. In healthcare, both the nursing process and
strategic planning involve proper identification of a problem, gathering of data, formulating a plan,
and deciding which intervention is the best to implement. After the intervention, evaluation is
necessary. Strategic planning and the nursing process both are essential when developing medical
informatics. The goal of this paper to identify the nurse's role in both strategic planning and the
nursing process, describe the differences between them, and how nurses can become more involved
in strategic planning in informatics. Differences Between ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Nurses are well suited to participate in the strategic planning of the organization while utilizing the
nursing process and informatics (Sewell J., & Thede, L. 2013). . How Nurses Can be More Involved
in the Strategic Planning Process Nurses can act as initiators and developers of a changing trend in
health care that is informatics. It will allow for transitioning into the technological era. With the
rapid advancements in technology, nurses are more involved in the strategic planning process with
the use of nursing informatics. The chief nursing informatics officer (CNIO) plays a key role in
decision–making by bridging the gap between the nursing and information technology. The CNIO
functions include selection and implementation of health information systems and managing clinical
initiatives (Hebda and Czar, 2013). Broad knowledge in nursing, information technology, and
management are needed for the CNIO to lead and perform tasks. Involvement of nurses at all levels
is significant to the development of effective ways to use technology in the care of patients as well
as the strategic planning of the organization (Drenkard, 2012). Conclusion Healthcare is expanding
and moving toward information systems. There is a greater demand for healthcare professionals to
increase involvement with the strategic planning process (Sewell J., & Thede, L. 2013). Nurses are
at the heart of this and are

Nursing Process Discipline and Independent Nursing Essay
Nursing process discipline is a nursing theory developed by nursing theorist, Ida Jean Orlando. This
theory, one of the first written about the nursing process, was written to help establish nursing as an
independent function in providing health care for a patient. Through this independent nursing
function, Orlando developed her theory on the concept of the nurse–patient interaction. During that
interaction the nurse recognizes a patient behavior as an "... immediate need for help" (George,
2011, p. 165). This "immediate" need must be correctly identified by the nurse, so the nurse may
provide care to relieve the need for help experienced by the patient. Orlando's creation of the
nursing process discipline helped to further establish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
166). Both verbal and non–verbal behaviors are recognized by Orlando as occurring simultaneously.
When verbal and non–verbal behaviors are not consistent with one another, it is felt that a patient
develops a feeling of helplessness (George, p. 166). This feeling of helplessness is a distress
behavior, verbal, non–verbal, or both, that a nurse recognizes as an experience a patient is unable to
resolve on their own. This distress behavior is a sign that the nurse recognizes as a "cry for help"
and from that a nurse may develop a nurse reaction. Second Concept, the Nurse Reaction to Patient
Behavior The nurse reaction to patient behavior is the true beginning of the nursing process
discipline. This is when the nurse uses her clinical skills to help recognize both the verbal and non–
verbal communication of the patient behavior. This reaction by the nurse, described by George
(2011), happens in "...three sequential parts" (p. 166). First, the nurse must be able to recognize the
behavior through her senses. Once this behavior is recognized the nurse has an "...automatic
thought" (George, 2011, p. 167). The "...automatic thought" then produces a "...automatic feeling"
(George, 2011, p. 167). An example given in George's (2011) writing helps better understand how
this works: For example, the nurse sees a patient grimace, thinks he is in pain, and feels concern.
The nurse then shares

Nursing Process Analysis
The first of the five steps of the Nursing Process is assessment. Assessment is the step where the
nurse collects information regarding the client's previous and current health (Potter, Wood, & Ross–
Kerr, 2010a, p. 159). When assessing an individual, there are several factors that need to be
considered. For this paper, I subjectively and objectively collected information from R. Subjective
data is made up of what the client tells the nurse (Potter, Wood, & Ross–Kerr, 2010a, p. 162).
Objective data is composed of interpretations of other aspects of the client (Potter, Wood, & Ross–
Kerr, 2010a, p. 162). During my interview with R, I asked her multiple questions regarding the
determinants of health, which is subjective data, as well as assessed ... Show more content on
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Finally, while R was speaking in English, it was clear that she had a heavy accent, but did not have
an accent when speaking Spanish (see Appendix A). When asking about her life, it became evident
that she has a happy home in a safe neighbourhood (see Appendix B). She has a full time job that is
very demanding and stressful. R deals with her work stress by spending time with her family and
eating (see Appendix B). Her job provides adequate income for her and her family (see Appendix
B). R was born and raised in Argentina, where she had a happy childhood and received her
education, before moving to Canada in 2001 (see Appendix B). During my assessment, I asked
about her family and how she typically spends her time (see Appendix B). With that information, I
was able to draw a Genomap that is "a sketch of the family structure and relevant information about
the family members", as well as an Ecomap, which is the "family's contact with the persons outside
the family" (Wright, Leahey & Loos, 2010, p. 283) (see Appendix C and D). For this paper, my
Ecomap is focused on R and the activities she does and how they affect her (see Appendix

The Nursing Process Paper
The Nursing Process: Framework for the Development of Clinical Judgment and Reasoning
Utilizing the circular nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation, the nurse and client work together to create dynamic, interactive interventions to support
the client's wellbeing. The nursing process acts as both foundation and scaffolding upon which
nurses may build their knowledge and skills. As a foundation, the nursing process creates an
organized, solid knowledge base on which the nurse may develop a plan of care. As scaffolding, it
allows the nurse to create the customized care plan required by each unique client. For the student
nurse, the nursing process offers an organized framework that guides the development of clinical
reasoning and clinical judgment abilities. The Nursing Process, Clinical Reasoning & Clinical
Judgment According to study authors Papathanasiou, Kleisiaris, Fradelos, Kakou, and Kourkouta
(2014), "Critical thinking is an essential process for the safe, efficient and skillful nursing practice"
(p. 283). In her 2014 study that examined pre–licensure nursing students' perceived readiness for
professional practice, Bowdoin identified four attributes that ... Show more content on
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The use of evaluative measures enables the nurse to determine the success or failure of the
interventions based on whether the desired outcomes have been met. Critical reasoning allows the
nurse to select the most appropriate evaluative measures, and helps guide the process of care plan
revision, if necessary. Nurses "apply critical thinking as they mature, acquire knowledge and
experiences, and examine their beliefs under new evidence" (Papathanasiou et al., 2014, p. 284). By
evaluating the success of the nursing process, the nursing student gains critical

Public Health Nursing ( Phn ) Uses The Nursing Process Essay
Public Health Nursing (PHN) uses the nursing process every day to help the community on a local,
state, and national level. The PHN is a vital part of the health care system because they are part of
the interdisciplinary team. The government on federal, state, and local levels rely on the PHN to
uses their nursing skills and critical thinking in order to provide information; which then influences
funding. PHN work in conjunction with the three core functions of public health, according to the
IOM, "assessment, assurance, and policy development" in order to provide patient centered care
(Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014).
Public health nurses (PHN) "apply the nursing process", "use data", and emphasizes
"prevention...educating and empowering" individuals in the community (Allender, Rector, &
Warner, 2014). Assessment includes, observing the environment, "identify trends" in the individual
and see how they relate to the community (Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014). The PHN uses
"morbidity and mortality statistics" to help find trends in "communicable disease rates" in order to
prevent outbreaks and to identify the community's needs (Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014). For
example, the Burmese population on the south side of Indianapolis is growing, therefore, they must
follow up with vaccinations and testing for present illnesses and comorbidities. One family was
identified with an outbreak of tuberculosis; which they had caught in their home land and brought
with them to the

Evaluation Of The Nursing Process
The Nursing Process The nursing process is a scientific process made up of five steps to ensure that
quality care is given by the nurse and received by the patient. It requires identifying the most
efficient means to generate optimum results. The steps follow each other at the start of the process
but may need to act in conjunction with one another in some situations. The steps however do not
end with evaluation but begin again. It begins with assessment and including an evaluation of the
perceptions by the person, the person 's family, and the nurse. This is where subjective and objective
data is gathered and recorded. It is a holistic assessment which covers the patient's physiological,
psychological, sociological, cultural and spiritual status. Information is collected by the nurse
interviewing the patient, giving a physical exam, getting the patients' health history and family
history. For example, if a patient came into the hospital after a fall at home the nurse would start by
gathering information that lead up to this point. The nurse would find out what the patients
complications are from the falls, the frequency of falls, cause of the fall, or are there underlying
causes. They would get medical history, family history, mental status, environment, and
medications. The nurse would do a head to toe assessment and from there would begin diagnosing
the patient appropriately. The second step is diagnosis; this is the process of identifying problems. It
is written as a

The Nursing Process Paper
The nursing process is defined as "The common thread uniting different types of nurses who work
in varied areas is the nursing process–the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver
holistic, patient–focused care" (American Nurses Association, 2015). It involves several steps, the
first being an assessment by the RN to collect and analyze data about the client. This data is all
encompassing about the client, looking at everything from their physical, psychological, spiritual,
economic, sociocultural and individual lifestyle that may factor in. Secondly, the nurse with regard
to the clients clinical status forms nursing diagnosis that reflect the client's needs or conditions, this
diagnosis is the basis for the nurses plan of care. The next step, is the planning/outcome portion,
where measurable goals that are achievable and short and long–term are set. These goals are part of
the plan of care for the client and all health professionals working with the client should have access
to them. Taking action and implementing the plan of care is the next step. The final step in the
nursing process is the evaluation of the plan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an objective data gathering process that involves the collection of information so that a
researcher can come to a conclusion (Blankenship, 2010). The first step is to identify the problem or
to develop the research question, this is the focus of what the research will be on. Step two is to
review available literature on the topic that has been chosen. This allows a foundation regarding the
topic to be built and to develop an understanding of the topic. The third step, is to narrow down the
topic if needed. Sometimes a research topic is chosen and it is then discovered to be very broad and
large in scope, so in order to be able to do a study the research has to narrow down the focus to a
smaller more manageable problem, this is known as clarifying the

The Nursing Process
1.0 INTRODUCTION The nursing process, upon introduction by North American Nurses Diagnosis
Association[NANDA] has proved to be a means of standardizing nursing care and in maintaining
professional autonomy. However, despite its benefits, many nurses are yet to fully understand and
put to practice the nursing process in care of patients. The nursing process was originally adopted by
the North American nursing profession from the general systems theory (GST) and quickly became
a symbol of contemporary nursing as well as a professionalism nurse ideology [G. M. C. Mason and
M. Attree, 2010].
In Brazil, the Federal Council of Nursing (COFEN) recommends the use of systematic nursing care
in care of patients using nursing process, which includes the history, physical examination,
diagnosis, intervention, and nursing evaluation (COFEN, 2010). In 1967, the nursing process was
introduced in Brazil based on Maslow's Human Motivation Theory (Horta, 2011). This is a scientific
method and strategy for the identification of health and disease ... Show more content on
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75% of the nurses said that the nurse to patient ratio was not optimal to apply the nursing
process.The nursing process is not yet applied and knowledge of nurses on the nursing process is
not adequate to put it in to practice and high patient nurse ratio affects its application. The
government consider the application of the nursing process critically by motivating nurses and
monitor and evaluate its progress and also educating students in different educational status at
school level based on the nursing curriculum. But the application of this knowledge in practical
setup is not well known

Framework For Patient-Centered Care: The Nursing Process
The nursing process steps in assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluation is the
framework for patient–centered care. As I reflect back through my 44 three years of nursing practice
with 34 of them as an OR nurse, I am most passionate about pain management even with all the
challenges it imposes, and this is where I feel that my strongest assessment skills are. The
foundation of our nursing profession it is not to only ask the questions and rely solely on the
questions asked, but it imperative to listen to your patient. Taking into a count of the age the patients
are often our teachers, we learn from them as we plan, implement, and evaluate they provide us with
the tools that benefit us with others. Education is one of our

Physical Examination Of Nursing Diagnosis And The Nursing...
Case Study A 22 year old female has been brought to the emergency room after fainting at home
with complaints of flu–like symptoms for the last eight days (GCU, 2010). She has reported
vomiting several times a day and having difficulty keeping food or liquids down. She states she has
been "taking more than recommended dose of antacids to help with nausea symptoms". She has
become dehydrated, so an IV has been placed and fluids have been started. She also has had an
arterial blood gas (ABG) drawn that has shown acid–base deficits. This paper will discuss how a
focused history, physical exam, nursing diagnosis and the nursing process of care is important in
helping this patient get better. It will also discuss the differences between a complete assessment and
a focused assessment. Focus History Focus assessments are the most important part of care planning
and delivery for patients which specific complaints. This patient was admitted for flu–like
symptoms, nausea, and vomiting related to an unknown source. The etiologies of nausea and
vomiting can include iatrogenic, toxic, or infectious causes; gastrointestinal disorders; and central
nervous system and/or psychiatric conditions (Jarvis, 2011). A clear definition of the patient 's
symptoms must be determined because of the broad possibilities of etiologies. An ordered focus
approach to this evaluation is essential. The etiology of most acute nausea and vomiting can be
determined from a focused history, physical examination,

A Nursing Process Approach to Malignant Melanoma
Nursing Process Approach to Malignant Melanoma To fully comprehend the concept of the nursing
process, one must first understanding what nursing is and the history of nursing. Nursing has
evolved over the years from a basic system of care to a well–developed professional system in
which special ways of think are applied in order to efficiently maximums patient care. The base of
nursing is patient care, thus the nursing process is the foundation for nursing practice and key to
ensuring the needs of the patient are met. History What is nursing? Florence Nightingale, first
nursing theorist, defined nursing as having "charge of the personal health of somebody ... and what
nursing has to do ... is to put the patient in the best condition for ... Show more content on
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It involves the use of the mind for rational thinking to formulate conclusions, making decisions,
drawing inferences, and reflecting on one's thoughts. Critical thinking in nursing is driven by the
needs of the patient, family, and community while basing it on the principles of the nursing process
and the scientific method (Wilkinson, 2007). It is a skill that is obtained through specific
knowledge, and experience gain over time as a nurse matures in the field. The nursing process and
critical thinking are closely related. This is because the phases within the nursing process require
cognitive processing in order to analyze and evaluate the data. Critical thinking by itself revolves
around the individual knowledge and their way of thinking. In other words, critical thinking is good
problem–solving strategies an individual picks up with practice. However, the nursing process is
structured, complex and purposeful disciplined process that directs nurses in patient care. The
thinking process requires specific characteristics that make it far different from just simple problem–
solving as seen with just critical thinking tactics (Chitty & Black, 2007). The nursing process is
guided by professional principles and codes of ethics where specific strategies are utilized in order
to effectively solve patient problems. It is constantly being reevaluated, self–corrected, and
constantly

Ropers Utilize The Nursing Process
underpinned by philosophies which include the Humanistic, scientific and behavioural philosophy.
However, several models used in nursing include the Orem model of self–care, king goal attainment
model, Ropers, Logan &Tierney model of activities of daily living, Peplau interpersonal model
among others (Alligold et al, 2009). Nursing process in hospital in State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) and
UK sought to advance their knowledge to factors involved in planning, implementation and
evaluation of nursing care through analysis of Clinical nursing documentation (Cruz et al, 2016).
Paans et al (2010) maintains that a Dutch study found an inaccurate and inadequate documentation
of nursing care. However, Gugerty et al. (2007) argues that Nurses spend about 50% of their time on
documentation per shift.

The Nursing Process
The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2008) highlight that the care of patients must be a
priority and to treat them as individuals. In order to achieve this nurses must use a systematic
technique known as the nursing process when planning and delivering care. It originated in the USA
and was introduced the UK in the 1970's in an attempt to move nursing away from traditional and
task oriented care, to more evidence based and holistic approach to care (Castledine, 2011). It was
clearly defined in 1967 when Yura and Walsh published a book called The Nursing Process, which
identified 4 strategic stages that nursing care, should follow (Roper at al 2000). These are
assessment; planning: intervention and evaluation, each of these stages will ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Goal setting should be participative or mutual with the patient, as this is more likely to motivate the
client to set higher goals, as well as achieve them (Kraus, 2006). Patient participation in goal setting
ensures that goals are both achievable and realistic for the patient (Roper et al. 2000). They should
be clear and specific as this is likely to avoid confusion and misinterpretation by both patients and
the whole multidisciplinary team, thus helping continuity of care (Leach, 2008). He further suggests
that goals are measurable, as this is necessary in determining whether the clients have achieved or
are working towards their goals. Wright (2005) highlights that goals need to be time limited as it
gives the client and nurse motivation to succeed, but in doing so it also reveals when further
interventions may be needed. The second stage of this process is planning nursing interventions and
indicating how these goals will be achieved. These actions need to be based on the best available
evidence and in doing so this provides a rationale for the care that is being considered. This stage of
the planning process is stipulated by the NMC (2008) who state that care must be delivered based
on the best available evidence and that nurses are personally accountable for their actions and must
be able to justify their decisions. By actively embracing evidence based practice the nurse can
justify his or her actions and decisions and improve

Nursing Process Analysis
The five steps of the nursing process are: assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification and
planning, implementation, and evaluation. The nursing process has been around since the late 1950's
and was developed by Ida Jean Orlando, however this process was not institutionalized until 1973
when the American Nurses Association Congress for Nursing Practice established Standards of
Practice for direct nursing performance. The assessment process is the first of 5 steps in the nursing
process and is very important and significant. Not only does assessment give you a baseline for your
patient, it also helps you to understand any underlying issues that the patient may be having.
Assessment provides an introduction into the next step of the nursing process: planning and
diagnosing, without assessing a patient first we would not be able to plan and organize concepts to
come up with a diagnosis.
Assessment, physical assessment, health history, and psychosocial assessment are not separated
from other nursing assessment task. They all seem to go together when doing an assessment.
Assessment, which also includes physical assessment, is a very significant part of the nursing
process. During assessment you collect important patient data using skills such as ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Medical ;diagnosis deals with the disease or medical condition whereas nursing diagnosis deals with
human response to actual or potential health problems and life processes. During a medical
diagnosis, assessment is used to supply an underlying cause for the patient's signs and symptoms. In
comparison, a nursing diagnosis provides an accurate representation of the patient's present
condition for the purpose of establishing a baseline of information so that provision of care may be
holistic. Therefore, a medical diagnosis and a nursing diagnosis are well–defined processes that may
lead to the advancement of two distinctive cognitive

The Nursing Process : Ida Jean Orlando Essay
Any nurse would admit that preparation to becoming a nurse is a difficult task. Mostly because the
practice of nursing consists of many things to follow in order be a great nurse for the patient. To
make the preparation less difficult for nurses or nurse to be, Ida Jean Orlando contributed to the
Discipline of the Nursing Process to further prepare those in nursing. The Discipline of Nursing
Process is a theoretical approach to nursing that follows a nurse–to–patient relationship that would
improve the patient's behavior to seek beneficence and autonomy of the patient (Orlando, 1972).
This provides nurses or upcoming nurse the strategies to deal with real life circumstances in nursing
and improves the skills of the nurse to improve a patient care. This piece will focus on the theorist,
Ida Jean Orlando, the meaning of the nursing process and the reason for the nursing process, any
discrepancies that may be associated with nursing such as medical procedures and professional
nurses, studies associated with the use of the nursing process and how the nursing process influence
personally. Ida Jean Orlando Ida Jean Orlando was born on 1926, who received her bachelor in
nursing at New York Medical College School of Nursing (Parker & Smith, 2015). Orlando was an
educator and a researcher who focused her study on the patient–to–nurse relationship. Her first book
established The Dynamic Nurse–Patient Relationship in the 1960s (Parker & Smith, 2015). Her
goals were to teach and

Nursing Process Change Paper
The pre–operative stage is an important phase in patient's surgery process. This is the time where the
patients is experiencing a lot of anxiety issues and have questions regarding the impending
procedure. To help ensure good patient outcomes, it is imperative to provide complete preoperative
instructions and discharge instructions (Allison & George, 2014). It is the nurses' duty to safe guard
and protects the patient's welfare during the surgical experience. Effective preoperative preparation
is known to enhance postoperative pain management and recovery. Health professionals need to be
cognizant of the contextual factors that influence patients' preoperative experiences and give context
appropriate care (Aziato & Adejumo, 2014). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before the patients leave the clinic, the primary care nurse will give them a simple instruction such
as doing the blood work, EKG and chest x–ray prior to pre–operative appointments. This is the end
of primary care responsibility for the pre–operative process of patients undergoing surgical
procedures. The accountability of making sure the patient is ready for the surgery is then handed
over to the pre–operative management nurses. Cancellation of operations in hospitals is a significant
problem with far reaching consequences (Kumar & Gandhi, 2012). One of the factors contributing
to this cancelation is the pre–operative process itself.
VASNHS Surgical Specialty Outpatient department has a designated pre–operative management
unit that oversees the patients undergoing surgery. The predicaments stem from various guidelines
or protocol originating from numerous surgeons and clinics. At present, the pre–operative nurses
abide simple pre–op instructions (NPO protocol, medications, what to bring, during the surgery,
transportation, cancellation instructions) for the entire Surgical Specialty Outpatient department.
Surgical procedures are being canceled due to lack of communications and cancelations of patients
prior to surgery date.
The current nurse pre–operative unit is composed of six

The Importance Of The Nursing Process
Nursing is a complicated profession requiring a broad knowledge base, discipline, and a deep desire
to understand and interpret scientific data with a goal of obtaining the best possible patient
outcomes. This can be very difficult to achieve, requiring the nurse to process a variety of
information, prioritize, and problem solve at a critical level (Wilkinson, Treas, Barnett, Smith,
2016). The nursing process is a scientific approach, utilized by nurses to systematically improve
patient care by following five steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and
evaluation (Wilkinson et al., 2016). A good nurse is someone who understands these phases,
continues to build on them, and uses the information to create the best possible, individualized,
healthcare plan for the patient. It is a mastery of art to find a way to include all of these concepts
with so many diverse medical diagnoses. Having a structural way, such as the nursing process,
paves a strong foundation for the nurse to maintain a patient centered approach to implement
exceptional nursing care (Goncalves, Spiri, Ortolan, 2017). The nursing process is a method that
combines both the science and art aspects of nursing. Nursing is a science because every action that
a nurse partakes in is evidence based. This means that only methods that have been proven effective
are practiced, improving patient outcomes. While nursing is a science it is also an art, in the since,
that every nurse develops their own way

Examples Of Nursing Process Paper
NURSING PROCESS PAPER Nursing Process Paper Abstract This process paper will evaluate the
complex relationship between disease pathophysiology and how it has progressed to the patient's
current state of health. It will include a comprehensive discussion of chronic and acute problems
leading to the patient's hospital admission, a complete description of interrelationships and
pathophysiology for all medical diagnoses, a comprehensive discussion of the client's signs and
symptoms and results of all diagnostic studies to the underlying pathophysiology, and a
comprehensive listing of all medications ordered at the time of admission with explanations of why
each was ordered and identification of the most common side effects which may ... Show more
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Emphysema is the most common cause of death from respiratory disease in the United States and is
generally caused by several years of heavy cigarette smoking (Olendorf, 2000). When a person
smokes, the body's immune system tries to fight off the invading smoke by using certain substances.
These substances can also attack the cells of the lungs, but normally the body is able to release other
substances to prevent this. In the case of people who are smokers, this doesn't happen and the
original substances that were released to fight off the smoke also end up injuring the cells of the
lungs as well. Eventually, the lungs will not be able to supply enough oxygen to the blood and a host
of problems can occur with this. Risk factors that have been identified for emphysema include
exposure to tobacco smoke either through active or passive smoking (2nd hand smoke),
occupational exposure such as dust or chemicals, ambient air pollution, or genetic abnormalities,
including a deficiency of alpha–antitrypsin, an enzyme inhibitor that normally counteracts the
destruction of lung tissue by certain other enzymes (Smeltzer, 2010). The symptoms of emphysema
develop gradually over many years. It is generally characterized by three primary symptoms:
chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea on exertion. Other signs and symptoms include
weight loss and the development of a

Nursing Application Process
Most college programs such as; Pre law, Accounting, English, Education, and Psychology allow
students to work towards their degree right away. While other programs like nursing have a
competitive second application process. This second application process is nothing but a waste of
money and time, additional unnecessary stress, and unfair to students who meet the grade
requirements. Across the country most if not all nursing programs have this additional process that
takes a strain on those wanting to pursue nursing. Programs like should not have this additional
application process instead, create a new program that gives all students who meet the academic
standards an equal opportunity to pursue the degree they wish.
Many may argue that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which allows equal opportunity for all students who wish to major in their program. Programs like
nursing should consider revising their program to allow everyone the opportunity to pursue nursing
without losing thousands of dollars and tons of time. Freshman year should be the year that they
have a set list of classes like human anatomy and physiology, psychology, math, and an introduction
class. They should also have a grade limit like a B, and if the students make the grades they should
be able to start the nursing program the following year. If they put in a new system like this it would
reduce stress for students, students would not be wasting money or time, and it is a fair system.. It
would be nice to have an equal opportunity to work towards my goal of nursing like everyone else
in college does. This is why colleges should get rid of the second application process for programs
like

The Nursing Process Essay
The Nursing Process The nursing process is a very important tool that nurses have in to make sure
that they give adequate care to all their patients. It helps them not only evaluate each patients' needs
individually but also allows the nurse to prioritize which patient's needs are more important to
attend to first. Just like doctors have a way of diagnosing patients, nurses also use this process to
give their own form of diagnosis. The significance of having the nursing process is to have a set way
in which each nurse gets a care plan for the patient. Every nurse is taught the way the nursing
process go is to assess, diagnose, plan both outcomes and interventions, implement, and evaluate.
By doing these steps a nurse can not only find ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance was a specific case in Columbus Hospital where the oncoming nurse failed to assess a
patient and take vitals due to the patient being asleep, little did the nurse know that the medication
being prescribed to the patient was altering his state of mind. The patient had shown signs earlier of
being altered by asking to be secluded and didn't want any nursing care even though he was under
postoperative care. Ultimately the patient ended up dying from a fall out a 3rd floor window. Had
the nurse communicated to the doctor the changes she notice and also reassessed him then his death
possibly could've been avoided. Expert testimony opined that the nurse was negligent in failing to
adequately monitor Mr. Busta (patient) on the evening and night before he died, and in failing to
report the constellation of signs and symptoms to the surgeon; and that the hospital was negligent in
failing to maintain a safe environment (Croke, 2003). This incident cost the hospital a lot of money
due to one nurses negligence, had the nurse just followed the nursing process and assess him then
this is something that could've been avoided. The process doesn't stop at evaluate, it keeps going,
you constantly reassess and diagnose and intervene because a patient's needs are constantly
changing. References Ackley, B. J., &

Albuterol: The Nursing Process
The nursing process consists of 5 important steps that help nurses interact and discover potential
problems and diagnoses of patients. The first step of the nursing process is assessment. Assessing a
patient could vary from the first time you meet the patient, to doing a more focused assessment
based off prior medical history and current problems. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that is most often
given to treat and/or prevent bronchospasms in patients with respiratory obstruction or any airway
disease. When collecting data for a respiratory assessment, the nurse should first gain subjective
data from the patient, commonly asking for present things: coughing, shortness of breath, sputum
production (if so, what color/how much), wheezes, pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nurse should be fully aware of all potential side effects, adverse effects, and any
contraindications that follow taking albuterol. The two main side effects the nurse should educate
the patient on (especially the elderly), is the risk of excessive cardiac and central nervous system
(CNS) stimulation, as well as nausea, headache, vomiting and coughing. Nebulizers and inhalers are
associated with fewer effects than the oral route of albuterol. Muscle tremors are the most frequent
effect. Contraindications should be followed excessively and the nurse should explain why the
medication should highly not be taken. The most common ones are, hypersensitivity, cardiac
arrhythmias, and coronary artery disease. *Caution should be taken with patients who have
hypertension, hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus (Frandsen, 2013, p.

The Quality Improvement Nursing Process
The Quality Improvement nursing process that I have chosen to research is patient safety. I have
chosen to focus specifically on the topic of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI's)
during hospitalization and their preventions. It is estimated that 15–25% of hospitalized patients
receive a urinary catheter throughout their stay, whether or not they need it. A large 80% of all
patients diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI) can be attributed to a catheter (Bernard,
Hunter, and Moore, 2012). The bacteria may gain entry into the bladder during insertion of the
catheter, during manipulation of the catheter or drainage system, around the catheter, and after
removal. The difference between men and women regarding UTI's related back to the human
anatomy. A man's urethra is 8 inches in length, while a woman's urethra is 1.5 inches in length.
Bacteria can quickly and easily make its way into a woman's bladder. This is why there is a large
percent of women UTI's when used in comparison to men (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012). Catheter–
related urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs because urethral catheters inoculate organisms into the
bladder and promote colonization by providing a surface for bacterial growth. Brusch says, "Once a
indwelling catheter is placed, the daily incidence of bacteriuria can be between 3–10%." Another
large problem that results CAUTI's is that at times, catheters are left in a patient longer than
necessary. Prolonged use of

Nursing Process And Critical Thinking
1. This week my goal for clinical is to work more on connecting with my patient on a personal level;
I want them to know that they are more than just their illness to me and that I am there to help them
and make sure everything that is done is in their best interest.
2. I would like to work on getting the answers for my subjective data form through a casual
conversation with the patient rather than just asking them straight out. I feel I may receive more
useful and detailed answers if I make the patient feel comfortable and less like they are being drilled
for information.
Reflect on your clinical week giving specific examples of the following:
Use of nursing process/ critical thinking and problem solving to guide care
This week my patient suffered from a traumatic brain injury and had major cognitive deficits that
required me to use critical thinking and the nursing process for his care. When performing the
patients' neurological checks, it was imperative that I not only note a change in mental status or
pupil reactivity or decreased sensation but also that I understand the implications of this change and
what it means for the patient. Even the most seemingly insignificant change can indicate a big
problem; therefore, comparing the patients' recent status with the current assessment information is
important for finding these changes, no matter how small they may be. I had to use critical thinking
while talking with my patient and trying to reorient him to reality

Pros And Methods Of The Nursing Process
The Nursing process is a scientific method used by nurses to ensure the quality of patient care.
Broken down into five separate steps; assessing; diagnosing, planning, implementing, and
evaluating all nurses must be familiar with the nursing process. Nonetheless a student name Amy
wants to improve her grades. She had learned about using the nursing process during class a couple
of days ago and if it works for planning patient care, why can it not work for her? Though we won't
go through all the nursing process steps, we will apply some of those steps to help Amy create a
successful study plan to pass her classes.
In the first step of the nursing process; assessment, the nurse gathers information about a patient.
Amy can gather data on her study habits by figuring out what type of learner she is to incorporate
that learning style into her study habits, assessing her current grades and keeping records, and
testing her knowledge to see what she current knows. The first most important thing that Amy can
assess is how she learns. Is she an auditory, visual or kinetics learning? Once Amy is able to
establish which learning method works better for her, she can incorporate that learning method to
study successfully. Amy assessing her grades can give her a better understand where her GPA
currently stands. Is it low enough that even if she studies, she still won't pass? Is her GPA high
enough to when she does studies she'll get an "A"? All of these have to be considered. Also keeping

Health Assessment Of The Nursing Process And Nursing Models
Introduction This essay will evaluate the extent to which assessment is a fundamental component
which adult nurses should adhere to in their everyday practice. In doing so, it will reflect on the bio
psychosocial aspects of assessment and in particular the increased emphasis placed on holistic and
evidence based–practice. It will give an insight on different types of assessment such as physical,
risk and spiritual and various types of assessment tools used to facilitate with this process. It will
also analyse why nurses commonly apply a nursing framework or model to organise the data
obtained to form a health assessment. Purpose of Assessment Assessment in nursing has been
determined by the problem–solving framework of the nursing process and nursing models. It is a
dynamic and continuous process as clients needs change; it promotes individualized care and
responds to clients in a responsible and timely manner to improve or maintain their level of health
(RCN, 2004). A health assessment not only comprises of gathering health information about a
patient, but also analyzing and synthesizing the information, and evaluating the effectiveness of
nursing interventions on patients health care outcomes (Weber & Kelley, 2013). The purpose of a
nursing health assessment is to collect holistic, subjective and objective data to determine a patient's
overall health and well–being to establish a professional clinical judgement. The nurses collect
physiological, psychological,

Nursing Process
NURSING NOTES http://www.nursingnotes.info/ FIVE (5) PHASES OF NURSING CARE
(American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice) I. ASSESING – is the
systematic and continuous collection, organizing, validation, and documentation of data.
PURPOSE: To establish a database about client's response to health concerns or illness and the
ability to manage health care needs. TYPES OF ASSESSMENT: TYPE TIME PERFORMED
PURPOSE EXAMPLE Initial Assessment Within specified time after admission To establish a
complete data base for problem identification, reference and future comparison Nursing admission
assessment Problem–focused assessment Ongoing process integrated with nursing care To
determine ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
c. Seating arrangement. Two parties are seated on two chairs placed at right angles to a desk or table
/ few feet apart without table between. A horseshoe or circular chair arrangements When a client in
bed, sit at a 45 degrees angle to bed, not standing and looking down the client who is in bed. d.
Distance. Maintaining a distance of 2 to 3 feet. PROXEMICS – term for the study of human use and
perception of social and personal space. INTIMATE ZONE (0–18 inches) –use for comforting,
protecting, counseling and preserved for people who feel close. PERSONAL ZONE (18 inches to 3
feet) – maintained with friends or in some counseling interactions SOCIAL/PUBLIC ZONE (3 – 6
feet) – used when impersonal business is conducted or with people who are working together. e.
Language. Failure to communicate is a form of discrimination. Translate medical terminologies into
common English understandable to both client and family members. STAGES OF INTERVIEW 1.
The Opening – most important part. Purpose: to establish rapport (process of creating a goodwill
and trust) and orient the interviewee. begin with a greeting, self intro accompanied by smile or
handshake Explain the purpose and nature of interview Tell the client how the info will be used and
usually states the client's right not to provide the info. 2. The Body – the client communicates what
he feels or thinks. Knows, and perceives in response to questions from the nurse. 3. The

Theory And The Nursing Process

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