This document provides an overview of the key components found on a computer motherboard. It discusses the types of motherboards, including ATX, baby AT and dual-processor boards. The main components described are the CPU, RAM, ROM BIOS, CMOS memory, ports and expansion slots. RAM is used to temporarily store programs and data, while ROM contains startup instructions. CMOS memory requires a small amount of power to retain settings like time and disk information. The CPU processes data and coordinates other components via the data bus and RAM. Ports and interface cards provide connections to peripheral devices.

1. WELCOME

2. MOTHERBOARD

4. Type of case
ROM BIOS
Type of keyboard connector
Presence/absence of proprietary video and/or
proprietary local bus slots
Presence/absence of IDE adapters and SCSI controller
Presence/absence of COM ports, LPT ports, and
mouse port
Considerations When Selecting a
System Board

5. Types of Motherboards

6. A Typical System Board Layout

7. An ATX Pentium System Board

8. Baby AT System Board

9. A Dual-Processor System Board

10. Full-size AT System Board

11. Main Components on a Motherboard
System clock
CPU and its
chip set
System bus
with expansion
slots
Jumpers and
DIP switches
ROM BIOS
CMOS configuration
chip and its battery
RAM
RAM cache (L2)
(optional)
Ports directly on the
board
Power supply
connections

13. Random Access Memory (RAM).
RAM is used to hold programs while
they are being executed, and data
while it is being processed.
RAM is volatile, meaning that
information written to RAM will
disappear when the computer is
turned off.
RAM

14. RAM contents can be
accessed
in any (i.e. random) order.
By contrast, a sequential
memory device, such as
magnetic tape, forces the
computer to access data in
a fixed order because of the
mechanical movement of
the tape.

15. Two operations of RAM
Loading means copying data from the
secondary storage to the main memory
Saving means copying data from RAM
to the non-volatile secondary storage.
Types of RAM
SRAM
DRAM
SDRAM
DDR-RAM

16. Read-Only Memory can
be read but not changed.
It is non-volatile storage: it
remembers its contents even
when the power is turned off.
ROM chips are used to store the
instructions a computer needs
during start-up, called firmware.
Some kinds of ROM are PROM,
EPROM, EEPROM, and CD-
ROM.
ROM

17. CMOS Memory
A computer needs a semi-
permanent
way of keeping some start-up
data
e.g. the current time, the no.
of hard disks
the data may need to be
updated/changed
CMOS memory requires (very
little) power to retain its
contents.
supplied by a battery on the
motherboard
the battery

18. The CPU
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the
chip on the motherboard that acts as the
"computer's brain"
it does calculations, and coordinates
the other motherboard components
CPU examples: the Pentium, the
PowerPC chip
The CPU is also known as the processor or
microprocessor.

19. The CPU and RAM
The RAM
contains
data
and
programs
The data bus transports the
processed data to the RAM so
it can be stored, displayed, or
output.
The CPU
processes data.

20. Connector Cables

22. The interface between peripheral devices
and the CPU.
A port is built on the motherboard while an
interface card is inserted into slots on the
motherboard.
Sometimes, an interface card may become a
built-in function on the motherboard.
Ports and Interface Cards

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