The ocular of a compound microscope has a magnification of 10x and.docx

The ocular of a compound microscope has a magnification of
10x and the objective has a magnification of 10x. The total
magnification of the microscope is:
10x
20x
100x
1,000x
500x
10 points
Question 2
The objective lens of a compound microscope has a numerical
aperture of 0.4. The maximum useful magnification of the
microscope is:
400x
1,000x
10x

There is not enough information given to calculate this
the correct answer is not given
10 points
Question 3
The part of the microscope that focuses the light on an object is
the:
iris diaphragm
coarse focus
condenser
body tube
stage adjuster
10 points
Question 4
The polarizing filter in a PLM that is located above the
objective is called the:
Polarizer
Analyzer
Abbe condenser

Iris
condenser
10 points
Question 5
A substance that reacts the same to light polarized in any
direction is:
an-isotope
anisotropic
isotropic
divergent
striated
10 points
Question 6
The part of the comparison microscope that allows the examiner
to view two objects simultaneously is called the:
comparator
comparison bridge

spectroscope
stage
polarizer
10 points
Question 7
A stereo microscope can best be described as:
two compound microscopes aligned so that they each see a
slightly different part of an object
two compound microscopes aligned with a comparison bridge
a compound microscope with two separate stages and a single
ocular
a compound microscope with two eyepieces and a camera mount
two compound microscopes with a single stage
10 points
Question 8
In SEM, secondary electrons:
strike the object, releasing other electrons

strike the object and then reflect off the surface
are emitted when a beam of primary electrons strikes the object
are emitted by the nucleus of the various elements when the
object is struck by a beam of x-rays
are generated as a result of electron beam collisions
10 points
Question 9
In microscopy, resolution is a measure of:
The ability of the lenses to separate two tiny details that are
close together
the total magnification power of the microscope
the empty magnification of the microscope
the ability of an electron microscope to determine the presence
of a large number of elements
the separation of lenses to provide the best image
10 points
Question 10
The refractive index of a material (multiple answer)

allows a lens to bend light
is generally the same for all materials
can be defined using Snell s lax
is almost always less than 1
determines what mounting media should be used
10 points
Question 11
Which of the following are isotropic materials (multiple
answer)
air
water
rubbing alcohol
a fiber
a diamond
Why We Need to Be More Concerned About Global Warming
Global warming is an issue that more people need to be

concerned about. The Paris Climate Agreement involves 195
countries that share the same goal to keep the average global
temperature below 2 degrees Celsius from risen temperatures
since pre-industrial times by limiting greenhouse emissions
globally in a financially mindful way.[footnoteRef:1] This is a
huge step forward for bringing the nations of our world together
to form a common goal of fighting against a threat that will
affect everyone. Our newly elected President wants to back out
of the Paris Climate Agreement. If Trump decides to go through
with his promise, it will greatly undermine global cooperation.
It will also undermine the mountains of scientific facts that
show our current global warming path, moving us back over 40
years in progress towards a cleaner future since the EPA’s
creation. [1: "Paris Agreement." Paris Agreement - European
Commission. European Commission, n.d. Web. 9 Nov.
2016. ]
Trump has stated that “the concept of global warming was
created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S.
manufacturing non-competitive,” [footnoteRef:2]and his first
100 days in office action plan includes cancelling “billions in
payments to U.N. climate change programs.”[footnoteRef:3]
Many of the policies in place under the Obama administration
that have taken into consideration climate change are at risk of
being repealed under Trump’s new policies. [2:
Trump, Donald (realdonaldtrump). “the concept of global
warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to
make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.” 6, Nov. 2012.
Tweet. ] [3:
Kelly, Amita. "Here Is What Donald Trump Wants To Do In
His First 100 Days." NPR. NPR, 9 Nov. 2016. Web. 9 Nov.
2016. ]
Scientists at the Yale Project on Climate Change released a
survey in 2014 that indicates that on average, 63% of Americans
believe that global warming is happening, and only 52% are

worried about what the effects of climate change will have on
the country.[footnoteRef:4] For a crisis that will affect
everyone, this signifies not enough people are concerned with
the future of this planet. It’s critical that everyone understands
the importance of keeping a clean planet. [footnoteRef:5] [4:
"Yale Climate Opinion Maps." Environment.yale.edu. Yale
Project, 2014. Web. 15 Nov. 2016. ] [5: We’ve already seen
what can happen if we let pollution get to dangerously high
levels. In 1952, 4,000 people died as a direct result from a fog
that rolled over England that entrapped harmful chemicals
released by coal factories as waste, and although the skies of
England appear cleaner today, pollution still results in an
estimated 13,000 deaths each year in the United Kingdom.]
Today, we are 1 degree Celsius warmer than pre-industrial
times, and at our current rate of CO2 emissions, are slated to
reach an average of 4 degrees Celsius warmer than preindustrial
times by the year 2100.[footnoteRef:6] Besides having an
increased number of warmer days, it will directly affect our
weather patterns and alter the amount of precipitation we’ll
receive, resulting in more intense hurricanes, increased flooding
and droughts, leading to billions in damage, as well affecting
agriculture production. One of the greatest impacts that is
taking shape are the melting ice caps, which are seeing to the
destruction of most major coastal cities.[footnoteRef:7] Miami
itself pays 400 million dollars each year pumping out water
from rising sea levels.[footnoteRef:8] The people that will be
most affected at first are the people who can’t afford to recover
rapidly in under developed countries. Damaged areas with
increased temperatures will also see a resurgence in diseases,
affecting millions. [6: GISTEMP Team, 2016: GISS Surface
Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP). NASA Goddard Institute for
Space Studies. Web. Sept. 26. 2016] [7:
"How Will Global Warming Change Earth?"
Earthobservatory.nasa.gov. NASA, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2016. ]
[8:

Before The Flood. Dir. Fisher Stevens. Perf. Leonardo
DiCaprio. Before The Flood. National Geographic, 21 Oct.
2016. Web. 21 Nov. 2016. ]
Some people will argue that global warming has always
been a part of earth's cycle of temperature changes, and while
that may be true, the current rate of temperature rises is
unprecedented. Once CO2 is released into the atmosphere, is
becomes harder to extract from the atmosphere, and while some
of it is being taken away naturally, we are releasing more than
taking back. A naturally occurring crisis is still a crisis, and
unlike what some of our politicians may say, we can still take
action.[footnoteRef:9] [9: Marco Rubio stated during a
presidential debate that “there’s no such thing” in regards to
passing climate change laws.
]
While people are facing a multitude of other issues, global
warming can’t be ignored. If the recent Presidential debates are
any indication of public perception on global warming, then it
shows that it’s being considered as an afterthought by most
people. Now more than ever, it is important that people start
acting at a national, political, and even global level to prevent
global warming from reaching the point of no return. When
people look back at the world today, will they wonder why we
didn’t do enough to change things before they worsened? What
will they think of us as we elected a President whose policies
undermines the mountains of evidence in support climate
change? We are failing to bring to attention the crisis that is
global warming to the majority of people, and we urgently need
our heads of state to reshape how people view this issue.

Minorities: The Casualties of the War on Drugs
-Imani Lowe
The war on drugs is destroying
minority communities. Even though the
mission is to end the illegal drug trade and
with intentions of ending drug abuse to help
our communities, it ruins them instead. The
war on drugs is an ineffective campaign that
needs to be declared a failure because it
disproportionately hurts minority
communities. In studies done by the Drug
Policy Alliance 57 percent of the people
incarcerated for a drug offenses are Black or
Latino, although these groups use and sell
drugs at similar rates as whites.
As a woman who is both Black and a
Latina I feel the impact of the war on drugs
on my community. The policies have

negative consequences to Black and Latino
youth with dreams and aspirations having
their whole life ruined over possession of
some form of narcotics. Studies show that
people of color will experience prejudice
and ultimately injustice throughout the
entire legal process starting from higher
rates of search and seizures all the way to
being convicted more severely at higher
rates . 1
For example a young black man
named Dontrell Stephens was arrested in
Palm Beach County, Florida on drug
charges on September 13th, 2013. Dontrell
1Henderson, Wade. Justice on Trial: Racial
Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System.
DIANE Publishing Company, 2000. Print
http://www.civilrights.org/publications/justice-on-tria
l/race.html
In Chapter 1: Race and the Police Henderson
discusses how minorities are disproportionately

targeted by the police.
http://www.civilrights.org/publications/justice-on-
trial/race.html
http://www.civilrights.org/publications/justice-on-
trial/race.html
is now paralyzed from the waist down after
being shot 4 times by a police officer during
his arrest. Dontrell was unarmed at the time
of the arrest. Dontrell got a win earlier this
year in February when he was awarded 22.4
million dollars for pain and suffering caused
by the officer who a grand jury found guilty
of violating his rights during his arrest . 2
Even with this win he is still at a loss
because his life will forever be changed. The
police brutality shown in his case is the
exact action being protested by the

organization ‘Black Lives Matter’. If we
refuse to acknowledge the negative impact
the war on drugs has particularly on Black
and Latino communities we will be doing a
great disservice to these communities.
2 Musgrave, Jane. Jury: PBSO, deputy at fault;
should pay Dontrell Stephens $23 million. My Palm
Beach Post. 03 Feb. 2016.
http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/crime-
law/jury-could-award-234m-to-dontrell-stephens-in-p
bso/nqJMD/
This article provided information on Dontrell
Stephens case.
In an examination of federal
immigration data it is recorded that
approximately 250,000 immigrants have 3
been deported from 2008 to 2014 for
nonviolent drug offenses. Raquel Garay is a 4
wife and mother of three children. Raquel
was arrested for possession of a controlled
substance and she was convicted of a felony
and then deported from America. You have

to wonder if the punishment truly fits the
crime while her family is in so much pain
over having their mother ripped away from
them. It is devastating to think her daughter
who is blind will have to live without her
3 "Secure Communities and ICE Deportation: A
Failed Program?" Transactional Records Access
Clearinghouse (TRAC) - Comprehensive,
Independent, and Nonpartisan Information on
Federal Enforcement, Staffing and Funding . TRAC
Reports Inc, 2014. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.
This article is where the reports for the deportation of
immigrants is being taken from.
4Lee, Brianna. "Immigration Reform: When
Deporting Felons Breaks Families Apart."
International Business Times . 08 Apr. 2015. Web. 10
Nov. 2016.
http://www.ibtimes.com/immigration-reform-when-d
eporting-felons-breaks-families-apart-1872214
This article is where I got the information from
formation on Raquel Garay’s situation of
immigration.
http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/crime-law/jury-
could-award-234m-to-dontrell-stephens-in-pbso/nqJMD/

http://www.ibtimes.com/immigration-reform-when-deporting-
felons-breaks-families-apart-1872214
http://www.ibtimes.com/immigration-reform-when-deporting-
felons-breaks-families-apart-1872214
mother whom she referred to as “her eyes”
or her youngest son that is battling aplastic
anemia has lost the person that was at his
side through many long nights in the
hospital. “When I think of a felon, I think of
somebody who hurts other people, or steals,
she hasn’t done any of those things.” shared
her husband Mario. His sentiment clearly
shows how detrimental our drug control
policies are and how the people affected by
them are calling for a change.
There are positive programs
implemented by the war on drugs. For
example the government spent $9.2 billion

in Federal funds for treatment services for
those with drug problems and accumulated
$1.4 billion spent in outreach programs
aimed at preventing the initial drug use in
adolescence. Regardless of the admirable
action being taken in the war on drugs
campaign, the overall cost to our minority
communities is not worth the benefits. And
the programs the programs implemented by
the war on drugs also are overwhelmingly
unsuccessful in reducing the drug epidemic
in America. According to the Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, opioid overdoses
have increased by a startling 14% in just one
year from 2014 to 2015 . 5
As professor and author Michelle
Alexander iterates in her book The New Jim
Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of

Colorblindness, “The fate of millions of
people—indeed the future of the black
community itself—may depend on the
willingness of those who care about racial
justice to re-examine their basic assumptions
about the role of the criminal justice system
in our society.” Those of us with a voice and
the ability to say something need to take a
5"Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths —
United States, 2000–2014." Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention . Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 01 Jan. 2016. Web. 11 Nov. 2016.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6
450a3.htm
This is where the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly
report data is taken from.
https://www.google.com/search?biw=1680&bih=939&q=The+N
ew+Jim+Crow&stick=H4sIAAAAAAAAAOPgE-
LSz9U3SMqwSI7PUgKzU4otCkrMtaSyk630k_Lzs_UTS0sy8ous
QOxihfy8nEoAUw5cjzYAAAA&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia_rCU9
4XQAhUC0WMKHbT2DUUQmxMIowEoATAY

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6450a3.htm
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6450a3.htm
look at how our drug laws and policies are
damaging the Black and Latino
communities. We need to advocate for a
repeal of the War on Drugs.
College Women Caught in a Warzone
Campus sexual assault
/24/2016
The current system for punishing sexual assault on campus is
broken. Sexual assault is most prevalent amongst universities
and colleges because this is where the majority of rapists are
able to get away with their crimes. The biggest cause for this is

the protection ensured to rapists by countless institutions to
reassure their own self-interests and discouraging victims from
reporting. Comment by Zenaida Castaneda: Self-interests
such as reputations, or financial self-interests and maintaining
their prestige.
Sexual assault plagues higher education with reports showing
that 1 in 5 college women will be assaulted before they
graduate.[footnoteRef:1] These numbers are overlooked by
higher institutions making it difficult to help survivors after an
attack. [1: The Association of American Universities. (2015).
Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on. Rockville,
Maryland: Westat.]
The Brock Turner case is one of few where the university did
not sit idle. Stanford took action and expelled the student
athlete that sexually assaulted an unconscious woman.
Expulsion is a measure that only the universities can implement
and police themselves cannot take. If Stanford did not take
immediate action as they did, it would have given Turner a six-
month reign[footnoteRef:2] to have left another victim behind
that wasn’t so lucky to have two heroes come to her rescue.
Comment by Zenaida Castaneda: This is the average
processing time it takes for legitimate police to process a rape
because of the numerous rape kits sent in to each department
and because of how expensive they are to test. $1,000 per rape
kit. http://www.endthebacklog.org/backlog/why-backlog-exists
[2: Alexandersen (2015, March 02) Time delays for processing
rape evidence. Article, points out the reason why police
departments take so long to process rape/ sexual assault]
Stanford has prevention and training programs on sexual assault
encouraging students to take action to prevent it just as two
male students did for the unconscious victim. Not many
universities have prevention and training programs on sexual
assault available to their students.
A case such as this one is not rare. The fact that Turner faced

repercussions at all is rare. At the moment only 10 percent of
assaults get reported. And only 6% of rapists found to be guilty,
even see the inside of a jail cell.[footnoteRef:3] These rapists
know they can get away with their crimes and most of them are
repeat offenders. Comment by Zenaida Castaneda: Here
Ladd’s Ted Talk, talks about the statistics rapists want to hear.
With this I will maintain the consistency I first presented about
rapists being protected by universities. Comment by Zenaida
Castaneda: Actually rapists usually makeup a mere 8% of
university population, most of them are repeat offenders that
rape on average 6 women each.
Ladd, J. (2016, April 7). The reporting system that sexual
assault survivors want. Ted Talks. And
http://time.com/3888116/columbia-university-student-mattress-
graduation-rape/ [3: Ladd, J. (2016, April 7). The reporting
system that sexual assault survivors want. Ted Talks]
The accused often claim that they should not be expelled
because they are innocent until proven guilty, yet it is shown
that only 2-8% of those attacks reported are found to be false.
Meaning on average 95% of reported assaults are guilty as
Brock Turner was.[footnoteRef:4] Comment by Zenaida
Castaneda: Countless sources showed these stats ranging from
2-8% from 1990 all the way to 2014 of tested claimed assaults
found to be false all presented in the film mentioned in the
footnote Heenan & Murray 2006 : Spohn, White, & Tellis 2014
: Grace, Lloyde & Smith 1992 [4: Dick, K. (Director). (2015).
The Hunting Ground [Motion Picture]. ]
When institutions begin to show that they care about survivors
and implicate measures to help and prevent these victims from
getting hurt in the first place, more perpetrators can be brought
to justice. When students work together to prevent assault or
help survivors it can create a sense of community, unlike the
warzone plenty of these women have faced on their own.
Once Universities take action we will see change. But we

cannot “suggest” any longer. As title IX states an institution
cannot contribute to a hostile environment. If this is violated all
federal funds will be ceased.[footnoteRef:5] Taking these
measures can force institutions to mandate prevention and
training programs for all students and faculty to make campuses
safer. This will encourage institutions to start taking sexual
assault seriously. It is a zero tolerance crime that can no longer
be overlooked. Comment by Zenaida Castaneda: Title IX is
a famous federal law used in countless other situations [5:
http://endrapeoncampus.org/title-ix/ explains in detail how title
ix complaint can be used against a university receiving federal
funds that has retaliated against members for speaking out about
sexual assault, sexual battery, harassment, or rape.]
The emotions a survivor suffers after the fact are unimaginable.
Turners’ victim gives us insight on this by addressing him in an
emotional letter deciding she “didn’t want her body anymore
and was terrified of it” going on to state “you have dragged me
through this hell with you, dipped me back into that night again
and again”.[footnoteRef:6] Comment by Zenaida Castaneda:
Here I’m using pathos to appeal to the reader’s emotions and
tug at their heart strings if my logical claims have not already
worked. All in all, it is a last hoorah if all else has failed to
persuade my audience. Comment by Zenaida Castaneda:
http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/06/us/sexual-assault-brock-turner-
stanford/ Letter read aloud by Ashley Frantz CNN [6: Letter to
Brock Turner presented during trial and read aloud]
These words represent the thousands of survivors that will never
receive satisfaction from a mere sentencing. These are the
survivors that can never feel comfortable in their own bodies,
and these are the survivors that feel isolated and trapped
because they are blamed time and time again.
To say you believe in what a survivor confides in you means
everything to them. The attack itself is not the worst part, its
living with it after, trying not to feel isolated emotionally,

mentally, and physically. Taking these victims seriously is a
delicate matter, it could mean whether a person is willing to
live on after the realization of what has occurred.
This is not common knowledge and the main reason why
professionals, specialists, and prevention programs are
necessary on campus. They are not resources easily available to
victims when they report to police. It is the responsibility of the
campus to ensure the safety and wellbeing of its students.
Comment by Zenaida Castaneda:
http://time.com/3888116/columbia-university-student-mattress-
graduation-rape/ In this video Julie Zeilinger- feminist blogger
at Bernard states this as her own research done on sexual
assault. TIME magazine (2015, May 19)
We need to raise awareness and make institutions safer. Once
that is done, students can breathe a little easier with heads held
high knowing that their university cares for them and protects
them. Students are here to learn not to be caught in the middle
of a war they never signed up for. Comment by Zenaida
Castaneda: Conclusion: my call to action for my audience to
stand up for what is right.
The Op-ed
What happened to the fight for equality?
The United States is on the verge of nominating its first female
president, still feminism seems to have lost its place in society.
Just recently the story of a woman who was sexually harassed
and left by a dumpster, by Stanford freshman Brock Allen
Turner, was released. How can this happen in a country in
which women are allowed to vote, own property, and are

protected by the law against discrimination? There needs to be a
change in attitude and a spread of awareness amongst college
students. If our future leaders believe that gender-inequality is
outdated, issues such as sexual assault, sexist attitudes, and
gender roles, will persist indefinitely. Comment by sophia
cabral: Stack, Liam. "Light Sentence for Brock Turner in
Stanford Rape Case Draws Outrage." New
York Times 07 June 2016: A15. 06 June 2016. Web. 07 June
2016
A recent study by researchers T. Pagge and L. Whitley
analyzes how sexism becomes institutionalized. Pagge and
Whitley include various accounts of female students who were
sexually harassed by professors and advisors, but were too
scared to reveal their story; as it could cause “rage and revenge”
by the accused as well as jeopardy of the victim’s career. This
is a common occurrence in universities and colleges,
transforming an educational environment into an unsafe and
uncomfortable atmosphere. Comment by sophia cabral:
Whitley and Page. "Sexism at The Centre: Locating The
Problem of Sexual Harassment." New Formations 86.86 (2015):
34-53.
Inappropriate treatment also takes place in the streets. In 2014,
65% of women, and 25% of males who mostly identify with
LGBT, of 2,000 people surveyed, admitted to being harassed on
the streets. Street harassment leads many women to have fear of
walking out of their homes, and includes side effects such as
“avoiding eye contact” and even “changing jobs”. And although
these are serious issues , when young people are asked whether
they support feminist ideals, answers such as “I couldn’t tell
you what a feminist is”, or “I don’t find gender that important”
are given. Comment by sophia cabral: Conner, Berkley. "Faces
of Feminism: An Ideology Analysis of "Stop Telling Women to

Smile" 1-29. Web. May 2015.
Comment by sophia cabral: Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Hillary
Clinton’s Candidacy Reveals Generational Schism Among
Women." The New York Times. The New York Times, 16 Feb.
2016. Web. 22 may 2016
According to a research that analyses the roots of sexism in
college men, most men show sexist attitudes with hopes of
gaining “approval” from their male peers. Why are men
targeting women? Boys are often being raised to avoid “woman-
like” behaviors, because of the assumption that femininity is
associated with weakness. This pressure to show men-like
qualities is still greatly felt by young men, and often leads to
sexual abuse, victimization of women, and sexist attitudes.
Comment by sophia cabral: Kilmartin, Christopher, Robin
Semelsberger, Sarah Dye, Erin Boggs, and David Kolar.
“Behavior Intervention to Reduce Sexism in College Men."
Gender Issues 32.2 (2014): 97-110.
While there might be argument that sexism is an issue without
solution, it can be addressed through “Behavior intervention”
(meaning to call others out for sexist behaviors and remarks)
This is a possible answer to decreasing gender related conflicts,
such as sexism and sexual assault. Not disregarding sexist
behaviors, can cause a significant change in the way that gender
roles are viewed by society. Comment by sophia cabral:
Research (by Kilmartin, Christopher, Robin Semelsberger,
Sarah Dye, Erin Boggs, and David Kolar) showing that men in
the “behavior intervention” group are less likely to make sexist
remarks and commit sexist acts. While men in the “control
group” are more likely to show sexist behavior.
Because there are laws in this country that protect women from
discrimination, many might argue that inequality does not exist
as women are entitled to the same rights as men under the law.
According to Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, it

is unlawful to deny federal funds to any educational programs
on the basis of sex. This along with several other laws keep men
and women from being discriminated against. But, these laws do
not do not necessarily change behavior. The fifteenth
amendment for example, on paper guaranteed the right of black
men to vote, but it took many years after its addition to the
constitution, to take effect. Comment by sophia cabral:
"Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972." Title IX, Education
Amendments of 1972. United States Department of Labor, n.d.
Web. 09 June 2016.
Laws do not work alone. Women are often subject to harassment
in most environments; including educational, social, and
professional ones. The word femininity, is looked down upon,
explaining why many LGBT men suffer street harassment, as
they tend to show what society labels as “feminine-like”
behaviors. The fight for women’s rights has accomplished a lot
over the years, and led to several legislatures that protect
women from discrimination. But the feminist cause is not over.
A change in attitude within this generation of college students
needs to occur in order for change to take place.

Works Cited:
Whitley and Page. "Sexism at The Centre: Locating The
Problem of Sexual Harassment." New Formations 86.86
(2015): 34-53.
Kilmartin, Christopher, Robin Semelsberger, Sarah Dye, Erin
Boggs, and David Kolar. “Behavior Intervention to Reduce
Sexism in College Men." Gender Issues 32.2 (2014): 97-110.
Stack, Liam. "Light Sentence for Brock Turner in Stanford Rape
Case Draws Outrage." New
York Times 07 June 2016: A15. 06 June 2016. Web. 07 June
2016
Conner, Berkley. "Faces of Feminism: An Ideology Analysis of
"Stop Telling Women to Sm Smile" 1-29. Web. May 2015.
"Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972." Title IX, Education
Amendments of 1972. United States Department of Labor, n.d.
Web. 09 June 2016.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Hillary Clinton’s Candidacy Reveals
Generational Schism Among Women." The New
York Times. The New York Times, 16 Feb. 2016. Web. 22 may
2016

Colón 1
Colón 5
Mental Health in College Students - Anxiety
Prof. Cayce Wicks
ENC 1102
Part I. What is the problem?
According to a study from the American College Health
Association, one out of six students has been treated or
diagnosed with anxiety. Studies have shown the link between
mental health and academic success. According to a survey,
50% of students receiving counseling mentioned that this was a
big reason for them to remain in school (Hoffman, 2015). The
years when a student is in college present a challenging period
whereby these students have to grow their abilities and become
more mature, that is it is a phase where their adulthood is
developed and the transition through this (Hunt & Eisenberg,

2010). Consequently, this transition period is very challenging
for them and in some of the cases can cause bigger problems if
it is not examined and treated in its early stages. Anxiety can
kill the desires to be integrated socially in college students as
well as to develop their career objectives and dreams fully as
they would wish to (Novotney, 2014). Brown states that a
survey from the National College Health Assessment found that
21.9 percent of students mentioned that within the last year,
anxiety was a cause of their low academic performance,
meaning receiving a lower grade on an exam or project,
receiving an incomplete, or dropping a class (Brown, 2016).
Overall, mental health disorders must be treated from the
beginning of the first year of each college student forcing them
to a regular evaluation at least twice during the semester.
Another way is, monitoring those students who are falling and
dropping courses to understand what is affecting their academic
performance.
Part II. How will you approach the op-ed?
For this op-ed, it would be wise to use the solution approach to
the problem of mental health in college students – anxiety,
which has been on the verge of increasing recently. To start
with, college students need to be informed of this disorder that
has been causing problems for them and make them understand
why it is a concern to be dealt. Also, they need to understand
the related effects on the victim that is suffering from it. In
some cases even just one test can cause anxiety. In my case, the
moment a professor is passing out a test is extremely stressful
and causes so much anxiety that I practically forget most of the
material in an instant. Consequently, failing the test because my
mind is blocked. I will detail some of the research that has been
conducted. People need to be informed that never is too late to
seek medical attention if they have been affected or if not, they
seek a counseling session to be walked through it in full detail.
Additionally, I will talk about the benefits of taking
informational sessions before and after they have dealt with
anxiety. The best means to understand why this is a problem and

the only solution will be through counseling sessions and a
medical check-up at least twice every half year.
Part III: How will you appeal to your audience?
My audience will be students who are affected by a mental
health problem, mainly anxiety. To make my op-ed more
reliable and effective, I will use my knowledge in the rhetorical
appeals. I will effectively appeal to pathos when students
participate from counseling sessions, with their feelings before
and after a session. For logos, the plan is to use past research
and statistics that will reveal the real numbers of students who
have been affected by mental problems in college and kept quiet
as a result. Lastly, with the use of the research already
mentioned, and psychology experts’ credibility, I will appeal to
ethos. This information will prove to be fruitful because it will
expose the bare truth that college students are affected by the
mental health problem of anxiety, which will be directed at
provoking my audience and cause them to take action.
Part IV: What are some opposing views to your position?
Some people could argue that some students just need to
work on managing their emotions or strengthening their
emotional intelligence rather than possibly be suffering from
anxiety as a mental health issue. According to Kumaran and
Javid, when a study was made about the relationship between
high stake testing, anxiety, and stress in students the following
assertions were made: “emotional intelligence is considered as a
strength of students which enhance their academic performance”
(Kumaran and Javid, 2016).
Similarly, other people could argue that universities are already
offering enough resources for student’s mental health education
and investing in centers to handle cases of students suffering
from this issue. According to Hoffman, “Like many college
counseling centers, U.C.F. has designed a variety of daily
workshops and therapy groups that implicitly and explicitly
address anxiety, depression and their triggers” (Hoffman, 2015).
I will support my claims by using my credible sources, to
prove that research shows that for many students anxiety is one

of the main factors of students academic underperformance
which in turn deters graduation date continuously, many times
regardless of student’s emotional disposition or character
qualities.
Part V: Conclusion.
Anxiety in college students, as a mental health issue, might be
underestimated by some people as a factor of academic failure
or success. This type of mentality promotes cookie cutter one
size fits all environments that create even more anxiety among
students. Through my op-ed, I will show that anxiety in some
college students is very much present and is a deciding factor in
academics. Thus advisors should work toward not only
addressing academic issues but also addressing mental health
issues by always having in place periodic assessments that
could help refer students to mental health counselors. Academic
advisors should work hand in hand with mental health
counselors to determine a plan of action for cases where
students are suffering from anxiety.
In an effective solution could be compulsory mental health
examinations and counseling sessions twice every six months so
that their mental status is known. This examinations and
counseling sessions will be a way that the op-ed will prove it
will work through the formation of a plan that will see them
strengthen their emotions.
Works Cited:
Hoffman, Jan. "Anxious Students Strain College Mental Health
Centers." The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 May
2015. Web. 16 May 2017.
<https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/anxious-students-

strain-college-mental-health-centers/?_r=0>.
Hunt, Justin, and Daniel Eisenberg. "Mental Health Problems
and Help-Seeking Behavior Among College Students." Journal
of Adolescent Health 46.1 (2010): 3-10. Web. 28 May 2017.
Novotney, Amy. "Students under Pressure." Monitor on
Psychology. American Psychological Association, Sept. 2014.
Web. 28 May 2017.
<http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/09/cover-pressure.aspx>.
Brown, Joel. "Anxiety: The Most Common Mental Health
Diagnosis in College Students | BU Today | Boston University."
BU Today. BU Today, 02 Oct. 2016. Web. 16 May 2017.
<http://www.bu.edu/today/2016/college-students-anxiety-and-
depression/>.
Kumaran J, Senthil, and Amreena Javid. "Emotional
Intelligence, Test Anxiety." Indian Journal of Psychological
Science 6.2 (2016): 159-67. Research Gate. Research Gate, 18
Dec. 2016. Web. 29 May 2017.
Unit 3: How Can I Persuade Others?
Deadlines:
June 9: Partial draft for conferences
June 12: Full length draft for peer review
June 16: Final draft due
Length: Between 500-800 words (not including annotations)
Value: 25% of final grade
ASSIGNMENT: Write an op-ed that presents a problem about
college success to a specific audience and proposes a new
perspective about that problem. According to the Harvard
Kennedy School’s Communications Program, “An op-ed piece
derives its name from originally having appeared opposite the
editorial page in a newspaper. Today, the term is used more
widely to represent a column that represents the strong,
informed, and focused opinion of the writer on an issue of
relevance to a targeted audience.” By turning your research
process/project into an op-ed, you will be writing in a

commonly read genre that can influence the world. Duke
University’s Office of News and Communication argues for the
importance of the op-ed: “If you can express [your opinion]
clearly and persuasively in an op-ed article, you may reach
millions of people, sway hearts, change minds and perhaps even
reshape public policy.”
In arguing for your position in an op-ed, you’ll need to present
your position clearly as a “lede” and support that lede using the
tools of argument (e.g. appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos, as
well as arguments from principle, consequences, and precedent).
You will also need to address relevant counterarguments. Doing
so not only strengthens your own argument, but also
demonstrates that you are part of a truth-seeking debate
community by recognizing the arguments of others. Comment by
Sharon Colon: Op-ed consist of:
A lede
I need to use the tools of ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS.
Also using the principle, consequences and precent.
Need to Address counterarguments
ANNOTATIONS: Comment by Sharon Colon: -No minimum
for annotations.
-But
Using comment bubbles or footnotes, provide detailed
annotations across your text that explain the following:
· What sources have influenced your thinking
· Where data or facts are coming from
· If the sources aren’t listed in your Annotated Bibliography,
fully cite the source within your comments or provide the
hyperlink to the source in your note
GRADING CRITERIA:
-Does the op-ed present one clear claim (lede)?
-Does the op-ed support the argument with evidence, using

specific details?
-Is the op-ed brief and to the point but still persuasive?
-Does the op-ed include evidence that clearly comes from the
research conducted?
-Does the op-ed address relevant arguments?
-Is the structure (opening, middle, and closing) of the op-ed
logical, engaging, and efficient?
-Does the op-ed use clear and understandable language?
FORMAT: All formal drafts should be typed, double-spaced
documents, and all should be submitted to Turnitin.com.
By the end of this unit, you should be able to do the following:
· Employ rhetorical appeals effectively to create presence for
the problem;
· Describe the problem in ways that appeal to the interests and
values of the audience;
· Write a well-designed argument justifying a workable solution
or new position to the problem;
· Address counterargument by discussing alternatives, rationale,
and outcomes;
· Use conventions of the op-ed genre to be persuasive to your
specific audience;
· Employ editing strategies appropriate to the audience and
purpose.
IMPORTANT:
ANXIETY in college students.
1) **READ** the Outline of job File and please see picture
below of op-ed order structure. NO PLAGIARIZED JOB.

2) **READ**op-ed handout PDF for more specific and required
info of the op-ed.
3) **READ** the ProposalAnxiety file for info about the topic.
That is the proposal ONLY, It CAN’T be copy/pasted from the
proposal to the op-ed final document. Definitely you will need
to use the proposal but it can’t be copy/paste to the op-ed, just
use information.
4) Create a lede. Add a newspeg (you will find what a newspeg
is in the op-ed handout PDF) of something recent related to
anxiety that you can find, an example of this can be:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/316682.phphttps://w
ww.nature.com/articles/ncomms14782 actual study from the
previous link.
5) Find TWO points, or justifications with the evidence from
the sources from the proposal like: (you can create other two
but probably the argument from CONSEQUENCE is one of two
and the best one in the following example of justifications) :
· We should create more awareness of anxiety in students
because is good to mentally prepare them to see how difficult a
college can be (argument from principle), because creating
awareness will lead to good consequences like short time
graduation and a better direction (argument from consequence),
and because creating more awareness in other universities will
have the same positive effect like University of Central Florida,
which more students are seeking for help and the anxiety stigma
is lessening even more with their designated daily workshops
and therapy groups.
6) It is important the end to appeal to values.
7) Use as reference the op-eds examples. They are just for
REFERENCE only, it can’t be exactly as them.

Length: Between 500-800 words (not including annotations)
Sources Links to get any additional information:
· https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/05/27/anxious-students-
strain-college-mental-health-centers/?_r=1
· http://www.bu.edu/today/2016/college-students-anxiety-and-
depression/
·
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305506246_Emotional
_Intelligence_Test_Anxiety_and_Academic_Stress_of_Students
· http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/09/cover-pressure.aspx
· http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(09)00340-
1/fulltext

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