4 resources/new Aims of Argument.pdf 4 resources/Some Convenient Truths.docx Some Convenient Truths Runaway global warming looks all but unstoppable. Maybe that’s because we haven’t really tried to stop it GREGG EASTERBROOKSEP 1 2006, 12:00 PM ET http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/09/some-convenient-truths/305090/?single_page=true If there is now a scientific consensus that global warming must be taken seriously, there is also a related political consensus: that the issue is Gloom City. In An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore warns of sea levels rising to engulf New York and San Francisco and implies that only wrenching lifestyle sacrifice can save us. The opposing view is just as glum. Even mild restrictions on greenhouse gases could “cripple our economy,” Republican Senator Kit Bond of Missouri said in 2003. Other conservatives suggest that greenhouse-gas rules for Americans would be pointless anyway, owing to increased fossil-fuel use in China and India. When commentators hash this issue out, it’s often a contest to see which side can sound more pessimistic. Here’s a different way of thinking about the greenhouse effect: that action to prevent runaway global warming may prove cheap, practical, effective, and totally consistent with economic growth. Which makes a body wonder: Why is such environmental optimism absent from American political debate? Greenhouse gases are an air-pollution problem—and all previous air-pollution problems have been reduced faster and more cheaply than predicted, without economic harm. Some of these problems once seemed scary and intractable, just as greenhouse gases seem today. About forty years ago urban smog was increasing so fast that President Lyndon Johnson warned, “Either we stop poisoning our air or we become a nation [in] gas masks groping our way through dying cities.” During Ronald Reagan’s presidency, emissions of chlorofluoro­carbons, or CFCs, threatened to deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. As recently as George H. W. Bush’s administration, acid rain was said to threaten a “new silent spring” of dead Appalachian forests. But in each case, strong regulations were enacted, and what happened? Since 1970, smog-forming air pollution has declined by a third to a half. Emissions of CFCs have been nearly eliminated, and studies suggest that ozone-layer replenishment is beginning. Acid rain, meanwhile, has declined by a third since 1990, while Appalachian forest health has improved sharply. Most progress against air pollution has been cheaper than expected. Smog controls on automobiles, for example, were predicted to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today’s new cars emit less than 2 percent as much smog-forming pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable today as they were then. Acid-rain control has cost about 10 percent of what was predicted in 1990, when Congress enacted new rules. At that time, opponents said the regulations .

1. 4 resources/new Aims of Argument.pdf
4 resources/Some Convenient Truths.docx
Some Convenient Truths
Runaway global warming looks all but unstoppable. Maybe
that’s because we haven’t really tried to stop it
GREGG EASTERBROOKSEP 1 2006, 12:00 PM ET
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2006/09/some-
convenient-truths/305090/?single_page=true

2. If there is now a scientific consensus that global warming
must be taken seriously, there is also a related political
consensus: that the issue is Gloom City. In An Inconvenient
Truth, Al Gore warns of sea levels rising to engulf New York
and San Francisco and implies that only wrenching lifestyle
sacrifice can save us. The opposing view is just as glum. Even
mild restrictions on greenhouse gases could “cripple our
economy,” Republican Senator Kit Bond of Missouri said in
2003. Other conservatives suggest that greenhouse-gas rules for
Americans would be pointless anyway, owing to increased
fossil-fuel use in China and India. When commentators hash this
issue out, it’s often a contest to see which side can sound more
pessimistic.
Here’s a different way of thinking about the greenhouse
effect: that action to prevent runaway global warming may
prove cheap, practical, effective, and totally consistent with
economic growth. Which makes a body wonder: Why is such
environmental optimism absent from American political debate?
Greenhouse gases are an air-pollution problem—and all
previous air-pollution problems have been reduced faster and
more cheaply than predicted, without economic harm. Some of
these problems once seemed scary and intractable, just as
greenhouse gases seem today. About forty years ago urban smog
was increasing so fast that President Lyndon Johnson warned,
“Either we stop poisoning our air or we become a nation [in]
gas masks groping our way through dying cities.” During
Ronald Reagan’s presidency, emissions of chlorofluoro­carbons,
or CFCs, threatened to deplete the stratospheric ozone layer. As
recently as George H. W. Bush’s administration, acid rain was
said to threaten a “new silent spring” of dead Appalachian
forests.
But in each case, strong regulations were enacted, and
what happened? Since 1970, smog-forming air pollution has

3. declined by a third to a half. Emissions of CFCs have been
nearly eliminated, and studies suggest that ozone-layer
replenishment is beginning. Acid rain, meanwhile, has declined
by a third since 1990, while Appalachian forest health has
improved sharply.
Most progress against air pollution has been cheaper than
expected. Smog controls on automobiles, for example, were
predicted to cost thousands of dollars for each vehicle. Today’s
new cars emit less than 2 percent as much smog-forming
pollution as the cars of 1970, and the cars are still as affordable
today as they were then. Acid-rain control has cost about 10
percent of what was predicted in 1990, when Congress enacted
new rules. At that time, opponents said the regulations would
cause a “clean-air recession”; instead, the economy boomed.
Greenhouse gases, being global, are the biggest air-
pollution problem ever faced. And because widespread fossil-
fuel use is inevitable for some time to come, the best-case
scenario for the next few decades may be a slowing of the rate
of greenhouse-gas buildup, to prevent runaway climate change.
Still, the basic pattern observed in all other forms of air-
pollution control—rapid progress at low cost—should repeat for
greenhouse-gas controls.
Yet a paralyzing negativism dominates global-warming
politics. Environmentalists depict climate change as nearly
unstoppable; skeptics speak of the problem as either imaginary
(the “greatest hoax ever perpetrated,” in the words of Senator
James Inhofe, chairman of the Senate’s environment committee)
or ruinously expensive to address.
Even conscientious politicians may struggle for views that
aren’t dismal. Mandy Grunwald, a Democratic political
consultant, says, “When political candidates talk about new
energy sources, they use a positive, can-do vocabulary. Voters

4. have personal experience with energy use, so they can relate to
discussion of solutions. If you say a car can use a new kind of
fuel, this makes intuitive sense to people. But global warming is
of such scale and magnitude; people don’t have any
commonsense way to grasp what the solutions would be. So
political candidates tend to talk about the greenhouse effect in a
depressing way.”
One reason the global-warming problem seems so daunting
is that the success of previous antipollution efforts remains
something of a secret. Polls show that Americans think the air is
getting dirtier, not cleaner, perhaps because media coverage of
the environment rarely if ever mentions improvements. For
instance, did you know that smog and acid rain have continued
to diminish throughout George W. Bush’s presidency?
One might expect Democrats to trumpet the decline of air
pollution, which stands as one of government’s leading postwar
achievements. But just as Republicans have found they can bash
Democrats by falsely accusing them of being soft on defense,
Democrats have found they can bash Republicans by falsely
accusing them of destroying the environment. If that’s your
argument, you might skip over the evidence that many
environmental trends are positive. One might also expect
Republicans to trumpet the reduction of air pollution, since it
signifies responsible behavior by industry. But to acknowledge
that air pollution has declined would require Republicans to say
the words, “The regulations worked.”
Does it matter that so many in politics seem so pessimistic
about the prospect of addressing global warming? Absolutely.
Making the problem appear unsolvable encourages a sort of
listless fatalism, blunting the drive to take first steps toward a
solution. Historically, first steps against air pollution have often
led to pleasant surprises. When Congress, in 1970, mandated
major reductions in smog caused by automobiles, even many

5. supporters of the rule feared it would be hugely expensive. But
the catalytic converter was not practical then; soon it was
perfected, and suddenly, major reductions in smog became
affordable. Even a small step by the United States against
greenhouse gases could lead to a similar breakthrough.
And to those who worry that any greenhouse-gas
reductions in the United States will be swamped by new
emissions from China and India, here’s a final reason to be
optimistic: technology can move across borders with
considerable speed. Today it’s not clear that American inventors
or entrepreneurs can make money by reducing greenhouse gases,
so relatively few are trying. But suppose the United States
regulated greenhouse gases, using its own domestic program,
not the cumbersome Kyoto Protocol; then America’s formidable
entrepreneurial and engineering communities would fully
engage the problem. Innovations pioneered here could spread
throughout the world, and suddenly rapid global warming would
not seem inevitable.
The two big technical advances against smog—the
catalytic converter and the chemical engineering that removes
pollutants from gasoline at the refinery stage—were invented in
the United States. The big economic advance against acid
rains—a credit-trading system that gives power-plant managers
a profit incentive to reduce pollution—was pioneered here as
well. These advances are now spreading globally. Smog and
acid rain are still increasing in some parts of the world, but the
trend lines suggest that both will decline fairly soon, even in
developing nations. For instance, two decades ago urban smog
was rising at a dangerous rate in Mexico; today it is diminishing
there, though the country’s population continues to grow. A
short time ago declining smog and acid rain in developing
nations seemed an impossibility; today declining greenhouse
gases seem an impossibility. The history of air-pollution control
says otherwise.

6. Americans love challenges, and preventing artificial
climate change is just the sort of technological and economic
challenge at which this nation excels. It only remains for the
right politician to recast the challenge in practical, optimistic
tones. Gore seldom has, and Bush seems to have no interest in
trying. But cheap and fast improvement is not a pipe dream; it is
the pattern of previous efforts against air pollution. The only
reason runaway global warming seems unstoppable is that we
have not yet tried to stop it.
Gregg Easterbrook is a contributing editor of The Atlantic,
a visiting fellow at the Brookings Institution, and the author of
The Progress Paradox.
4 resources/Text of the American College & University
Presidents?? Climate Commitment.docx
Text of the American College & University Presidents’ Climate
Commitment
http://www.presidentsclimatecommitment.org/about/commitmen
t
We, the undersigned presidents and chancellors of colleges
and universities, are deeply concerned about the unprecedented
scale and speed of global warming and its potential for large-
scale, adverse health, social, economic and ecological effects.
We recognize the scientific consensus that global warming is
real and is largely being caused by humans. We further
recognize the need to reduce the global emission of greenhouse
gases by 80% by mid-century at the latest, in order to avert the
worst impacts of global warming and to reestablish the more
stable climatic conditions that have made human progress over
the last 10,000 years possible.
While we understand that there might be short-term
challenges associated with this effort, we believe that there will

7. be great short-, medium-, and long-term economic, health,
social and environmental benefits, including achieving energy
independence for the U.S. as quickly as possible.
We believe colleges and universities must exercise
leadership in their communities and throughout society by
modeling ways to minimize global warming emissions, and by
providing the knowledge and the educated graduates to achieve
climate neutrality. Campuses that address the climate challenge
by reducing global warming emissions and by integrating
sustainability into their curriculum will better serve their
students and meet their social mandate to help create a thriving,
ethical and civil society. These colleges and universities will be
providing students with the knowledge and skills needed to
address the critical, systemic challenges faced by the world in
this new century and enable them to benefit from the economic
opportunities that will arise as a result of solutions they
develop.
We further believe that colleges and universities that exert
leadership in addressing climate change will stabilize and
reduce their long-term energy costs, attract excellent students
and faculty, attract new sources of funding, and increase the
support of alumni and local communities. Accordingly, we
commit our institutions to taking the following steps in pursuit
of climate neutrality.
our institutions to taking the following steps in pursuit of
climate neutrality.
1. Initiate the development of a comprehensive plan to achieve
climate neutrality as soon as possible.
Within two months of signing this document, create institutional
structures to guide the development and implementation of the
plan.
Within one year of signing this document, complete a
comprehensive inventory of all greenhouse gas emissions

8. (including emissions from electricity, heating, commuting, and
air travel) and update the inventory every other year thereafter.
Within two years of signing this document, develop an
institutional action plan for becoming climate neutral, which
will include:
A target date for achieving climate neutrality as soon as
possible.
Interim targets for goals and actions that will lead to climate
neutrality.
Actions to make climate neutrality and sustainability a part of
the curriculum and other educational experience for all students.
Actions to expand research or other efforts necessary to achieve
climate neutrality.
Mechanisms for tracking progress on goals and actions.
2. Initiate two or more of the following tangible actions to
reduce greenhouse gases while the more comprehensive plan is
being developed.
Establish a policy that all new campus construction will be built
to at least the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED Silver
standard or equivalent.
Adopt an energy-efficient appliance purchasing policy requiring
purchase of ENERGY STAR certified products in all areas for
which such ratings exist.
Establish a policy of offsetting all greenhouse gas emissions
generated by air travel paid for by our institution.
Encourage use of and provide access to public transportation for
all faculty, staff, students and visitors at our institution.
Within one year of signing this document, begin purchasing or
producing at least 15% of our institution’s electricity
consumption from renewable sources.
Establish a policy or a committee that supports climate and
sustainability shareholder proposals at companies where our
institution’s endowment is invested.
Participate in the Waste Minimization component of the
national RecycleMania competition, and adopt 3 or more
associated measures to reduce waste.

9. 3. Make the action plan, inventory, and periodic progress
reports publicly available by submitting them to the ACUPCC
Reporting System for posting and dissemination.
In recognition of the need to build support for this effort
among college and university administrations across America,
we will encourage other presidents to join this effort and
become signatories to this commitment.
Signed,
The Signatories of the American College & University
Presidents’ Climate Commitment
Paper 3 grading criteria .docx
Paper grading criteria
Comments:
Introduction meets needs of audience
And provides author’s project
5
Claim: all aspects of claim are addressed in paper
10
Reasons support claim
10
Supporting evidence
10
Logical order of information
5

10. Language/diction appropriate to audience
5
Author character/credibility
5
Coherence/unity in and across paragraphs
Sentence cohesion: use of a variety of sentence types to enhance
readers’ comprehension.
10
Source integration
Appropriate quoting/summary/paraphrase
Plagiarism will result in a No Credit grade
10
Paragraph development is focused on the topic, rather than an
author/text
Well-ordered details in paragraphs
15
Analysis is well developed and thoughtful and included in each
paragraph of the evaluation/analysis and recommendation
sections
(20)
Analysis is brief and included in each paragraph of the
evaluation/analysis and recommendation section of the proposal
sections
(15)

11. Analysis is cursory and not consistent
(10)
Paper is mainly summary of texts
(5)
Conclusion completes project
and answers “So What?” question
5
4 – 5 sources
2 – 3 sources
(10)
(5)
Page format/works cited
10
4 page minimum
10
Infrequent grammar and mechanics errors;
10
TOTAL
150
RWS 281 Project 3 Prompt .docx
RWS 281 Project 3 - Synthesis Paper Prompt
For your third project in this class, you will write a synthesis
paper responding to the following prompt:
SDSU joined the American College and University Presidents

12. Climate Commitment in March of this year. Use the assigned
readings to explain why it is important for SDSU to be a part of
this organization. Evaluate/analyze whether SDSU seems to be
fulfilling its commitment. Describe how SDSU is honoring its
commitment. Make recommendations of how SDSU could be
doing even more to make our campus “climate neutral.”
The audience for your paper is professors/students in a four-
year university. Assume that your readers have not read any of
the assigned class readings.
This paper will be 4-5 pages in length. It will be double spaced
in 12 pt. Times New Roman font. Margins will be one inch. Use
MLA or APA style conventions according to the format required
by your major.
Successful papers will:
· Include an effective introduction that gives the general context
for your topic and a statement of your project.
· Provide a claim that states your own perspective on SDSU’s
progress in fulfilling its Presidents Climate Commitment.
· Support all aspects of your claim with reasons and evidence.
· Use the Green Report Card and Princeton Review’s Guide to
322 Green Colleges to help you evaluate/analyze SDSU’s
present attempts to become a “climate neutral” campus.
· Organize body paragraphs by topic, not by author.
· Use coherence and cohesion techniques to help the reader
move from one idea to the next.
· Include effective body paragraphs to explain, describe,
evaluate/analyze, and recommend, as required in the prompt.
These paragraphs should use examples from the assigned class
texts. Do not use sources other than those assigned.
· Use argument appeals--emotion, logic, and character--to make
your writing more persuasive.
· Include a conclusion that restates the main points and
indicates the significance or the consequence of your
claim/reason/evidence. For example, what would be the
consequence or the significance if SDSU does not abide by the
Presidents Climate Commitment?

13. Peer edit in class: May 6 (Bring at least two copies with you to
class)
Final paper due: on the final exam day, Tuesday May 13. (Use
turnitin.com)
Maxwell.xlsm
DocumenationMaxwell ScientificAuthorDatePurposeTo record
orders from Maxwell Scientific and update the inventory
Order FormMaxwell ScientificOrder FormItem to OrderSend
ToOrder IDNameStock IDSchool NameStock
DescriptionStreetItem PriceCityItems to OrderStateOrder
PriceZIP CodeSales TaxTotal Cost
Submit Order
InventoryMaxwell ScientificInventoryStock IDPriceStock
DescriptionItems in StockItems OrderedRemaining
StockV101019.95Physics for Poets I
DVD51051V101119.95Physics for Poets II
DVD42042V101219.95Physics for Poets III
DVD39039V101329.95Physics for Poets IV
DVD18018V101419.95Einstein DVD68068V101519.95Newton
DVD72072V101619.95Maxwell DVD45045K10215.95Magnets
kit52052K102210.95Colors kit38038K10235.95Minature
Tornado71071K10249.95Optics kit31031K102519.95Electronics
kit48048E102029.95Capacitors29029E102139.95Transformers3
4034E102229.95Resistors39039E10239.95Large cell
battery28028E102439.95Logic circuits14014E10259.95Circuit
board25025E10269.95Photo-electric cell19019E10279.95CDC
cell25025E102819.9530' wire
spool44044E10299.95Switches48048O10009.95Prism
(sm)55055O10019.95Prism (med)51051O100213.95Prism
(lg)29029O100319.95Lens kit34034O100429.95Focal
reducer808M050119.95Optics Made Easy
book1450145M050219.95Electronics Made Easy
book14910139M050319.95Science Made Easy
book1610161M050419.95Astronomy Made Easy

14. book1390139M050529.95Introduction to Circuits
book1210121M050629.95Newton & the Prism
book1150115M050729.95Logic circuits book912071
Order HistoryMaxwell ScientificOrder HistoryOrder IDStock
IDStock DescriptionPriceItemsOrder PriceSales TaxTotal
CostNameSchool NameStreetCityStateZIP CodeR2M0507Logic
circuits book29.952059911.98610.98Alan WilkesLincoln High
School55 Hampton Rd.GlendaleCA91201R1M0502Electronics
Made Easy book19.9510199.53.99203.49Drew DawsonCanope
Middle School414 Oakburn Ave.Santa ClaraCA94086
Maxwell Instructions.docx
(Steps 1 and 2 are skipped as it regards just the file name and
location)
3. In the order form worksheet record a macro named
Add_Order that performs the following actions so that a new
row in the Order history worksheet will score orders entered
from the Order Form:
a. Select the Order History worksheet
b. select the entire fifth row of the worksheet
c. Insert a new sheet row in the worksheet
d. Using the Format Options button apply the format Same as
Below option so that the new row adopts the same format as the
row below it.
e. select the Order from the worksheet.
4. In the visual basic editor change the name of the VBA project
to Customer_Orders.
5. In the Add_Order sub procedure directly above the closing
end sub line insert the following BA commands:
a. Set the value of cell A5 in the Order History worksheet equal
to the value of cell C5 in the Order Form worksheet.
b. Set the value of cell B5 in the Order History worksheets
equal to the value of cell C6 in the Order Form worksheet.
c. Continue to set the value of the cells in the fifth row of the
Order History equal to their corresponding entries in the Order
Form worksheet. Your last command should set the value of cell

15. N5 in the Order History sheet equal to cell F10 in the Order
Form sheet.
6. After an order is submitted and stored in the Order History
log in should be cleared from the Order Form sheet. Using the
clearcontents method of the range object, add a VBA command
to the Add_Order procedure to clear the consents of the
previous order using the parameter value “C5:C6, C9, F5:F10”
7. In the Excel workbook delete the blank fifth row in the Order
History worksheet.
8. Save the workbook.
9. Assign the Add_Order macro to the submit Order button on
the Order Form worksheet.
10. Use the macro you wrote to add the orders showing in
Figure C-25 to the Order History worksheet. Verify that the
Order Form is cleared after each order is submitted.
Figure C-25:
Sample orders for Maxwell Scientific
Order Form Items
Order 1
Order 2
Order ID
R3
R4
Stock ID
E1027
01000
Items to Order
20
15
Name
Robert Blaska
Linda Nuland
School Name
Elmwood High school
Country Day

16. Street
100 North Avenue
45 Ridge Lane
City
Nampa
Woodburn
State
ID
OR
Zip Code
83686
97071
11. Check the Order History sheet and verify that the orders
were inserted at the top of the history log. If the macro didn’t
work, close the workbook without saving it and then start it
again.
12. Unlock the cells in range C5:C6 cell C9 and the range
F5:F10 in the Order Form worksheet and then protect the sheet
so that those unlocked cells can be edited.
13. Save the workbook.