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Tugas Akhir Modul 5 Bilangan
1. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎|(𝑏−𝑐) dan 𝑎|(𝑐+𝑑) maka 𝑎|(𝑏+𝑑).
Jawaban:
Diketahui 𝑎|(𝑏−𝑐) dan 𝑎|(𝑐+𝑑),berarti terdapatbilanganbulat 𝑞dan𝑟 sedemikiansehingga
(𝑏−𝑐)=𝑎.𝑞dan (𝑐+𝑑)=𝑎.𝑟.Akibatnya:
𝑏−𝑐+𝑐+𝑑=𝑎𝑞+𝑎𝑟
𝑏−𝑐+𝑑+𝑑=𝑎(𝑞+𝑟)
𝑏+ 𝑑=𝑎(𝑞+ 𝑟)
Karenaterdapatbilanganbulat(q+r) sehingga 𝑏+𝑑=(𝑞+ 𝑟) maka 𝑎|(𝑏+ 𝑑) (Terbukti)
2. Buktikan bahwa FPB ((a,b),b)=(a,b)
Jawaban:
Misalkan FPB (a,b)=d maka d a dan d b berakibat 𝑑=𝑎𝑚+𝑏𝑛 untuk suatu bilangan
bulat m dan n.
Misalkan FPB ((a,b),b)=k
Akibatnya k=(a,b)p+bq untuk suatu bilangan bulat p dan q.
Diperoleh k =(a,b)p +bq
↔k =dp +bq
↔k =(am+bn)p+bq..........................(substitusi d=am +bn)
↔k =amp+bnp +bq
↔k =amp+b (np+q)
Akibatnya k = a(mp) + b (np + q) untuk suatu bilangan bulat (mp) dan (np +q).
Jadi FPB (a,b)=k.
Karena FPB ((a,b),b)=k, maka terbukti bahwa FPB ((a,b),b) = FPB(a,b).
3. Buktikan bahwa KPK [a,b] = FPB(a,b) jika dan hanya jika a=b.
Jawaban:
i. Jika KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b) maka akan ditunjukkan a=b. Misalkan KPK [a,b] = b, FPB
(a,b) = d
KPK [a,b] = d maka a|d dan b|d
FPB (a,b) = d maka d|a dan d|b
Karena a|d dan d|b maka a|b ................(1)
Karena b|d dan d|a maka b|a ................(2)
Dari (1) dan (2) diperoleh a|b dan b|a maka a=b
ii. Jika a=b maka akan ditunjukkan bahwa KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b).
iii. Karena a=b maka KPK[a,b] = KPK[a,a] =a..................... (3), dan
FPB (a,b) = FPB (a,a) = a.............. (4).
Dari hasil (3) dan (4) diperoleh kesimpulan jika a=b maka KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b).
Dari hasil (i) dan (ii) maka terbukti bahwa KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b) jika dan hanya jika a
=b.
4. Buktikan
a. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan genap, maka 𝑝2Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4)
b. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan ganjil, maka 𝑝2Ξ1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4)
Jawaban:
a. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan genap, misalkan p=2n dengan 𝑛 ∈ bilangan bulat
maka
𝑝2=4𝑛2sehingga 4 | 4𝑛2 → 4 | 𝑝2 yang berakibat 𝑝2Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4)
Terbukti bahwa 𝑝2
Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4).
b. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan ganjil, misalkan p = (2n+1) dengan ∈ bilangan bulat
maka 𝑝2=(2𝑛+ 1)2
=4𝑛2+ 4𝑛+1
𝑝2
=4(𝑛2
+𝑛)+1 → (𝑝2
−1)=4(𝑛2
+𝑛) sehingga4| (𝑝2
−1)
(𝑝2
−1)Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4)
(𝑝2−1)+1Ξ0+1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4)
𝑝2Ξ1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4)
Terbukti bahwa 𝑝2
Ξ1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4).
5. Seorang pedagang berencana melakukan kegiatan sedekah untuk rakyat miskin
sebagai wujud rasa syukur atas kemajuan usahanya. Setiap hari ia memberikan
sedekah menurut Deret Fibonacci (dalam ratusan ribu rupiah) selama 1 minggu,
dimulaiRp100.000,00 padaharipertama.Berapauangsedekahyangharusdisediakan
pedagang tersebut?
Jawaban:
Deret Fibonacci : 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 13 + … , maka permsalahan seorang pedagang
memberikan sedekah menurut deret Fibonacci selama 1 minggu (7 hari) di mulai
Rp.100.000,00 pada hari pertama, maka uang sedekah yang harus disediakan adalah
sebagai berikut:
Hari Besar Sedekah
Pertama Rp. 100.000,00
Kedua Rp. 100.000,00
Ketiga Rp. 200.000,00
Keempat Rp. 300.000,00
Kelima Rp. 500.000,00
Keenam Rp. 800.000,00
Ketujuh Rp. 1.300.000,00
Total Uang Sedekah Rp. 3.300.000,00
Jadi total uang sedekahyang harus disediakanselamaseminggu adalah Rp.3.300.000,00.
6. Tuliskan jumlah yang ditunjukkan deret di bawah ini dalam notasi sigma.
Tentukan nilainya dengan menggunakan Rumus Jumlah Khusus kemudian
buktikan dengan induksi matematika.
a. 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + … + 225
b. 2 + 4 +6 + 8 + … + 50
Jawaban:
a. 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + … + 225
= 52 + 62 + 72 + 82 + 92 + 102 + … + 152
= (4+1)2 + (4+2)2 + (4+3)2 + (4+4)2 + (4+5)2 + (4+6)2 + … + (4+11)2
= ∑ (𝟒 + 𝐢)𝟐
𝟏𝟏
𝒊=𝟏
= ∑ (𝟏𝟔 + 𝟖𝐢 + 𝐢𝟐
)
𝟏𝟏
𝒊=𝟏
S15 = 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + 121 + 144 + 169 + 196 + 225 = 1.210
Sn =
𝒏
𝟐
(a+Un) =
𝒏
𝟐
(25+(n2+8n+16)) =
𝒏
𝟐
(n2+8n+41)
S15 =
𝟏𝟓
𝟐
(152+8.15+41) =
𝟏𝟓
𝟐
(225+120+41) =
𝟏𝟓
𝟐
(386) = 15x193 = 2.895
b. 2 + 4 +6 + 8 + … + 50
= 2.1 + 2.2 + 2.3 + 2.4 + … + 2.25
= 2(1+2+3+4+…+25)
= 2. ∑ 𝒊
𝟐𝟓
𝒊=𝟏
Sn =
𝒏
𝟐
(a+Un) =
𝒏
𝟐
(2+2n) =
𝟐𝒏+𝟐𝒏𝟐
𝟐
= n+n2
S25 = 25+252 = 25+625 = 650

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Tugas akhir modul 5 bilangan eva novianawati h.

  • 1. Tugas Akhir Modul 5 Bilangan 1. Buktikan bahwa jika 𝑎|(𝑏−𝑐) dan 𝑎|(𝑐+𝑑) maka 𝑎|(𝑏+𝑑). Jawaban: Diketahui 𝑎|(𝑏−𝑐) dan 𝑎|(𝑐+𝑑),berarti terdapatbilanganbulat 𝑞dan𝑟 sedemikiansehingga (𝑏−𝑐)=𝑎.𝑞dan (𝑐+𝑑)=𝑎.𝑟.Akibatnya: 𝑏−𝑐+𝑐+𝑑=𝑎𝑞+𝑎𝑟 𝑏−𝑐+𝑑+𝑑=𝑎(𝑞+𝑟) 𝑏+ 𝑑=𝑎(𝑞+ 𝑟) Karenaterdapatbilanganbulat(q+r) sehingga 𝑏+𝑑=(𝑞+ 𝑟) maka 𝑎|(𝑏+ 𝑑) (Terbukti) 2. Buktikan bahwa FPB ((a,b),b)=(a,b) Jawaban: Misalkan FPB (a,b)=d maka d a dan d b berakibat 𝑑=𝑎𝑚+𝑏𝑛 untuk suatu bilangan bulat m dan n. Misalkan FPB ((a,b),b)=k Akibatnya k=(a,b)p+bq untuk suatu bilangan bulat p dan q. Diperoleh k =(a,b)p +bq ↔k =dp +bq ↔k =(am+bn)p+bq..........................(substitusi d=am +bn) ↔k =amp+bnp +bq ↔k =amp+b (np+q) Akibatnya k = a(mp) + b (np + q) untuk suatu bilangan bulat (mp) dan (np +q). Jadi FPB (a,b)=k. Karena FPB ((a,b),b)=k, maka terbukti bahwa FPB ((a,b),b) = FPB(a,b). 3. Buktikan bahwa KPK [a,b] = FPB(a,b) jika dan hanya jika a=b. Jawaban: i. Jika KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b) maka akan ditunjukkan a=b. Misalkan KPK [a,b] = b, FPB (a,b) = d KPK [a,b] = d maka a|d dan b|d FPB (a,b) = d maka d|a dan d|b Karena a|d dan d|b maka a|b ................(1) Karena b|d dan d|a maka b|a ................(2) Dari (1) dan (2) diperoleh a|b dan b|a maka a=b ii. Jika a=b maka akan ditunjukkan bahwa KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b). iii. Karena a=b maka KPK[a,b] = KPK[a,a] =a..................... (3), dan FPB (a,b) = FPB (a,a) = a.............. (4). Dari hasil (3) dan (4) diperoleh kesimpulan jika a=b maka KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b). Dari hasil (i) dan (ii) maka terbukti bahwa KPK [a,b] = FPB (a,b) jika dan hanya jika a =b.
  • 2. 4. Buktikan a. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan genap, maka 𝑝2Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4) b. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan ganjil, maka 𝑝2Ξ1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4) Jawaban: a. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan genap, misalkan p=2n dengan 𝑛 ∈ bilangan bulat maka 𝑝2=4𝑛2sehingga 4 | 4𝑛2 → 4 | 𝑝2 yang berakibat 𝑝2Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4) Terbukti bahwa 𝑝2 Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4). b. Jika p adalah suatu bilangan ganjil, misalkan p = (2n+1) dengan ∈ bilangan bulat maka 𝑝2=(2𝑛+ 1)2 =4𝑛2+ 4𝑛+1 𝑝2 =4(𝑛2 +𝑛)+1 → (𝑝2 −1)=4(𝑛2 +𝑛) sehingga4| (𝑝2 −1) (𝑝2 −1)Ξ0(𝑚𝑜𝑑4) (𝑝2−1)+1Ξ0+1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4) 𝑝2Ξ1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4) Terbukti bahwa 𝑝2 Ξ1(𝑚𝑜𝑑4). 5. Seorang pedagang berencana melakukan kegiatan sedekah untuk rakyat miskin sebagai wujud rasa syukur atas kemajuan usahanya. Setiap hari ia memberikan sedekah menurut Deret Fibonacci (dalam ratusan ribu rupiah) selama 1 minggu, dimulaiRp100.000,00 padaharipertama.Berapauangsedekahyangharusdisediakan pedagang tersebut? Jawaban: Deret Fibonacci : 1 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 13 + … , maka permsalahan seorang pedagang memberikan sedekah menurut deret Fibonacci selama 1 minggu (7 hari) di mulai Rp.100.000,00 pada hari pertama, maka uang sedekah yang harus disediakan adalah sebagai berikut: Hari Besar Sedekah Pertama Rp. 100.000,00 Kedua Rp. 100.000,00 Ketiga Rp. 200.000,00 Keempat Rp. 300.000,00 Kelima Rp. 500.000,00 Keenam Rp. 800.000,00 Ketujuh Rp. 1.300.000,00 Total Uang Sedekah Rp. 3.300.000,00 Jadi total uang sedekahyang harus disediakanselamaseminggu adalah Rp.3.300.000,00. 6. Tuliskan jumlah yang ditunjukkan deret di bawah ini dalam notasi sigma. Tentukan nilainya dengan menggunakan Rumus Jumlah Khusus kemudian
  • 3. buktikan dengan induksi matematika. a. 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + … + 225 b. 2 + 4 +6 + 8 + … + 50 Jawaban: a. 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + … + 225 = 52 + 62 + 72 + 82 + 92 + 102 + … + 152 = (4+1)2 + (4+2)2 + (4+3)2 + (4+4)2 + (4+5)2 + (4+6)2 + … + (4+11)2 = ∑ (𝟒 + 𝐢)𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 = ∑ (𝟏𝟔 + 𝟖𝐢 + 𝐢𝟐 ) 𝟏𝟏 𝒊=𝟏 S15 = 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 + 121 + 144 + 169 + 196 + 225 = 1.210 Sn = 𝒏 𝟐 (a+Un) = 𝒏 𝟐 (25+(n2+8n+16)) = 𝒏 𝟐 (n2+8n+41) S15 = 𝟏𝟓 𝟐 (152+8.15+41) = 𝟏𝟓 𝟐 (225+120+41) = 𝟏𝟓 𝟐 (386) = 15x193 = 2.895 b. 2 + 4 +6 + 8 + … + 50 = 2.1 + 2.2 + 2.3 + 2.4 + … + 2.25 = 2(1+2+3+4+…+25) = 2. ∑ 𝒊 𝟐𝟓 𝒊=𝟏 Sn = 𝒏 𝟐 (a+Un) = 𝒏 𝟐 (2+2n) = 𝟐𝒏+𝟐𝒏𝟐 𝟐 = n+n2 S25 = 25+252 = 25+625 = 650