The document defines and provides examples of jargon used in different fields. Jargon is specialized language used as shorthand between people in a particular field. Examples are given of medical jargon like BP for blood pressure, business jargon like due diligence, police jargon like code eight, military jargon like PCS for permanent change of station, political jargon like left/right wing, and internet jargon like LOL. Learning the jargon of a field helps develop understanding of its culture and commonly used phrases.

1. Examples of Jargon
Jargon is like a type of shorthand between members of
a particular group of people, often words that are
meaningless outside of a certain context. Following are
some examples of jargon that will help illustrate the
concept.
Examples of Medical Jargon
Agonal - Term to signify a major, negative change in a
patient’s condition
BP - Medical shorthand for blood pressure
FX - Medical jargon meaning bone fracture
JT - A joint
NPO - A patient should not take anything by mouth
IM – Intramuscular
K - The elemental symbol for potassium
Examples of Business Jargon
Bang for the buck - A term that means, to get the most
for your money
Due diligence - Putting effort into research before
making a business decision
Sweat equity - Getting a stake in the business instead of
pay
The 9-to-5 - Business jargon meaning a standard work
day
Chief cook and bottle-washer - A person who holds
many responsibilities
Examples of Police Jargon
Suspect - A person whom the police think may have
committed a crime
10-4 - Radio jargon meaning Okay or I understand
Code Eight - Term that means officer needs help
immediately
Code Eleven - A code that means the individual is at the
scene of the crime
FTP - The failure of an individual to pay a fine
Assumed room temperature: An individual has died
Examples of Military Jargon
TD - Temporary duty
AWOL - Absent without leave
SQDN - A squadron
SAM - Surface-to-Air missile
PCS - A permanent change of station
LES - Leave and earning statement
Examples of Political Jargon
Left wing - Political jargon for liberal, progressive
viewpoint
Right wing - Jargon meaning a conservative viewpoint
Getting on a soapbox - Making a speech in public
POTUS - President of the United States
SCOTUS - Supreme Court of the United States
Examples of Internet Jargon
BTW - By the way
CYA - See you around
FAQ - Frequently asked questions
HTH - Hope this helps
MOTD - Message of the day
YMMV - Your mileage may vary
IIRC - If I remember correctly
IANAL - I am not a lawyer
LOL - Laugh out loud
BFF - Best friends forever
TTYL - Talk to you later
Each of these different types of jargon is used as a
shorthand by people in-the-know to make
communicating easier. By learning the jargon for a
particular industry, you can develop a deeper
understanding of its culture and commonly-used
phrases.

2. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and
eukaryotic algae that conduct photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction
with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for
the plant.
The light reactions convert solar energy to chemical
energy. (You can think of the light reactions as
the “photo-” part of photosynthesis.) In the
chloroplast’s thylakoid membranes, pigment molecules
in two linked photosystems capture kinetic energy from
photons and store it as potential energy in the chemical
bonds of two molecules: ATP and NADPH.
The light and dark reactions in the chloroplast
The chloroplast is involved in both stages of photosynthesis. The
light reaction takes place in the thylakoid discs. There, w ater (H20)
is oxidized, and oxygen (O2) is released. The electrons f reed up
f rom w ater are transfered to ATP and NADPH. The dark reaction
occurs outside of the thylakoids. In this reaction, the energy f rom
ATP and NADPH are used to f ix carbon dioxide (CO2). The
products of this reaction are sugar molecules and other organic
molecules necessary for cell function and metabolism. Note that
the dark reaction takes place in the stroma (aqueous f luid
surrounding the stacks of thylakoids) and the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria are tiny compartments found within
cells
The Krebs Cycle is the central metabolic pathway in all
aerobic organisms. The cycle is a series of eight
reactions that occur in the mitochondrion. These
reactions take a two carbon molecule (acetate) and
completely oxidize it to carbon dioxide. The cycle is
summarized in the following chemical equation:
acetyl CoA + 3 NAD + FAD + ADP + HPO4
-2 --------------->
2 CO2 + CoA + 3 NADH+ + FADH+ + ATP
FADH2 (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide) is an electron
accepter that is utilized in cellular respiration. FADH2
is produced during the Krebs cycle of cellular
respiration. It then brings the electrons to the
cytochrome complex. Electrons accepted by FADH2
enter the cytochrome complex later than electrons
accepted by NADH, and therefore produce less ATP.
escription
Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in
metabolism, used in many biochemical reactions. Its main
function is to convey the carbon atoms within the acetyl group
to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy
production. In chemical structure, acetyl-CoA is the thioester
between coenzyme A (a thiol) and acetic acid (an acyl group
carrier). Acetyl-CoA is produced during the second step of
aerobic cellular respiration, pyruvate decarboxylation, which
occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. Acetyl-CoA then
enters the citric acid cycle. Acetyl-CoA is also an important
component in the biogenic synthesis of the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine. Choline, in combination with acetyl -CoA, is
catalyzed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to produce
acetylcholine and a coenzyme a byproduct. Konrad Bloch and
Feodor Lynen were awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in
Physiology and Medicine for their discoveries linking acetyl -
CoA and fatty acid metabolism. Fritz Lipmann won the Nobel
Prize in