2. S7LT -IIg - 7
2
Differentiate asexual from
sexual reproduction in
terms of:
1 Number of individuals
involved;
2 Similarities of offspring to
parents
3. REPRODUCTION
3
: the act or process of reproducing
specifically : the process by which plants and
animals give rise to offspring and which
fundamentally consists of the segregation of a
portion of the parental body by a sexual or an
asexual process and its subsequent growth
and differentiation into a new individual
4. Asexual Reproduction
a. Sexual reproduction - joining of two specialized
cells (gametes - egg and sperm), one from each
parent
1). Offspring are genetically
unique
2). Mixture of genes from
both parents
5. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
5
Requires only one parent
Offspring have 100% the same chromosomes as the
parent.
In other words, the offspring are exact “clones” of the
parent.
Most unicellular organisms reproduce this way.
7. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
7
Binary Fission
Bacteria
Protists
Binary fission is a
form of asexual
reproduction
where every
organelle is copied
and the organism
divides in two.
8. Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission is similar in function to mitosis.
• Asexual reproduction is the creation of offspring from a
single parent.
- Binary fission produces two daughter cells genetically
identical to the parent cell.
- Binary fission occurs in
prokaryotes.
9. Asexual Reproduction
steps of
binary
fission
parent cell
DNA
duplicates
cell begins
to divide
daughter
cells
• 1. The bacterial chromosome
is copied. Both copies attach
to the cell membrane.
• 2. As the cell elongates, the
chromosomes separate.
• 3. The membrane is pinched
inward and a new wall is laid
down between two
chromosomes.
10. Asexual Reproduction
Advantages and Disadvantages of Asexual reproduction
Advantages:
•No need to find a mate.
•Can get good varieties of
plants and animals.
•Desired characteristics can
be achieved.
Disadvantages:
•Identical offspring all
respond in same way to
environment.
•Same disease can be
transferred to next
generation.
•No variation within species.
•Less efficient.
11. Asexual Reproduction
B.
1.In environments that don’t
change, asexual may be better.
If they are well suited to
environment may be more
efficient.
2. In changing environments
sexual reproduction produces
genetic diversity which raises
chances for survival.
12. Asexual Reproduction
• Fragmentation is the splitting
of the parent into pieces that
each grow into a new
organism.
• Vegetative reproduction
forms a new plant from the
modification of a stem or
underground structure on
the parent plant.
14. EXAMPLES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
14
Plant cuttings
Vegetative reproduction is a
type of asexual reproduction
in plants that relies on multi-
cellular structures formed by
the parent plant. It has long
been exploited in horticulture
and agriculture, with various
methods employed to
multiply stocks of plants.
15. 15
Budding
Hydra
Budding is a means of
asexual reproduction
whereby a new
individual develops from
an outgrowth of a
parent, splits off, and
lives independently.
EXAMPLES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
16. 16
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is a
means of asexual
reproduction whereby
a single parent breaks
into parts that
regenerate into whole
new individuals.
EXAMPLES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
17. 17
Vegetative reproduction
forms a new
plant from the
modification of
a stem or
underground
structure on
the parent
plant.
EXAMPLES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
19. 19
Examples of organisms that reproduce asexually
Hydra
Sea Star
Strawberry
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Euglena
Paramecium
Yeast
EXAMPLES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
20. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
20
Requires two parents
that each share ½ of
the genetic
information.
Offspring share
the characteristics
of each parent.
Meiosis
EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
21. 21
All the members of the Animal
Kingdom
Fish
Mammals
Amphibians
Birds
Reptiles
Insects
Crustaceans
EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
22. 22
Plant Kingdom
Flowers are the reproductive organs of
plants.
Some flowers have both male and female
reproductive
organs on the same flower.
Male flower Female flower
EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
23. 23
Examples of organisms that reproduce
sexually
Chickens
Iguanas
Lobsters
Sharks
Humans
Butterflies
Sunflowers
Roses
EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
24. 24
Happens 2 ways
Internally (inside)
The egg is fertilized by sperm
inside the female
Mammals, birds, reptiles, insects,
spiders
Externally (outside)
The egg is fertilized by sperm
outside the female
The female lays the eggs and then
the male fertilizes them.
Fish and some amphibians
Plants and fungi (pollen and spores)
EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
25. Binary Fission
Asexual
Cell splits and
replicated DNA
goes with each
part
Prokaryotes,
Bacteria
+ Fast and easy
- Everybody has
the same DNA
26. Bacterial Conjugation
Does not produce
offspring, changes
parent.
A bacteria shoots out a
tube and sends a piece
of its DNA to another
bacteria
Bacteria
+ Mixes DNA
- “Parent” loses a little
piece of DNA
30. Pollination
Sexual
Pollen is delivered to
female part of plant
Flowering plants
+ Plants don’t have
to move, mixes DNA
- Need external
source for pollination
to take place; wind,
bee, bat, butterfly
etc.
