The Triune Brain, Emotion & Motion: Understanding the Three Levels of Motion Control
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The document discusses Jaak Panksepp's model of the brain's emotional systems, known as the "triune brain". It describes seven core emotional systems - SEEKING, RAGE, FEAR, PANIC/DISTRESS, CARE/NURTURE, PLAY, and LUST - each of which is associated with different affective feelings and motivations. It also outlines Panksepp's three-level model of motor control in the brain - the neomammalian cortex, limbic system, and reptilian reflex system. Finally, it provides diagrams of the neurological pathways and structures involved in sensory processing and motor control.
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The Triune Brain, Emotion & Motion: Understanding the Three Levels of Motion Control
- 1. THE TRIUNE BRAIN, EMOTION & MOTION
- 3. Basic psychological criteria is that emotional systems should be capable of elaborating subjective feeling states that are affectively valenced. JAAK PANKSEPP
- 6. The SEEKING system in what Jaak Panksepp renames the "appetitive motivational system", encourages animals to search for resources such as food, water, warmth etc. Another designator that he used to highlight its function was curiosity/interest/foraging/anticipation/craving/expectancy system.
- 7. The RAGE system energises the body to angrily defend its territory and resources.
- 8. The FEAR system is the brain system that includes a major form of trepidation that commonly leads to freezing or flight.
- 9. The PANIC system is the one that generates feelings of loneliness and separation distress. This is not to be confused with the term panic meaning intense states of fear. The existing evidence on the disorder known as panic attacks involves this circuitry.
- 10. There are additional systems for: Sexual feelings (LUST system) Maternal feelings (CARE system) Playful feelings (rough and tumble PLAY system) Dreaming Sleep (REM system) Deep Sleep (NREM system) Wakefullness (WAKING system) Clarity (CONFUSION system) Addictions (ADDICTION & WITHDRAWAL systems) Stress (LONG & SHORT TERM STESS Systems) Awareness (CONSCIOUSNESS Systems) Nutriton (FEEDING & THIRST Systems)
- 11. A TRIUNE MODEL OF MOTION: 1. NEOMAMMILIAN (Conscious motion) 2. LIMBIC (Habits) 3. REPTILIAN (Reflex)
- 12. What is a Reflex?
- 13. A Reflex motion occurs in response to a sensory stimulus
- 14. SENSORY STIMULUS SPINAL CORD / BRAINSTEM THE CEREBELLUM SPINAL CORD / BRAINSTEM MOTOR RESPONSE
- 15. Reflexes can be categorised by the type of sensory input: •Vestibular •Proprioceptive •Somatosensory •Auditory •Visual •Olfactory & Gustatory
- 17. Semilunar lobule Gracile lobule Biventeral lobule Lateral belly Medial belly Tonsilla Fo-Tu Py Uv Nad VMA Flo Acc. Paraflocc
- 18. pons Central lobule II & III Culmen IV & V Declive VI 4th ventricle Folium VIIA Tuber VIIB Pyramis VIII Uvula IX Nodule X Tonsil
- 19. I II III IV V VI VIIA VIIB VIII IX Secondary fissure Lingula Central lobule Culmen Declive Folium Tuber Pyramis Uvula Nodule Horizontal fissureIntercrural fissure Ansoparamed f. Prepyramidal fissure Posterolateral fissure Tonsilla Vincingulum ligulae Ala lobulus centralis Anterior quadrangular lobule Posterior quadrangular lobule Superior semilunar lobule Inferior semilunar lobule Gracile lobule Biventral lobule: lateral belly Biventral lobule: medial belly Flocculus Accessory paraflocculus Anterior Lobe Simple lobule Ansiform lobule crus I Ansiform lobule crus II Paramedian lobule Dorsal Paraflocculus Ventral Paraflocculus Flocculus
- 20. Vermis Int Hemisphere Primary fissure A B C1 C2 C3 D Simple lobule Ansiform lobule Paramedian lobule Paraflocculus Flocculus Cerebellar nuclei Anterior lobe Fastigial nucleus Dentate nucleus Emboliform nucleus Globose nucleus Lateral Vestibular nucleus Superior vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Inferior vestibular nucleus Nodulus
- 21. Extremity areas of the motor cortex Corticospinal fibres Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus Interpositothalamic fibres Red nucleus Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Interposito-olivary fibres Accessory olivary nuclei Olivocerebellar fibres Interpositospinal fibres Ventral horn Rubrospinal fibres Lateral corticospinal tract Interpositospinal tract Rubrospinal tract Olivocerebellar fibres Posterior interposed (globose) nucleus Intermediate zone Corticonuclear fibres Anterior interposed (emboliform) nucleus Hypothalamus Ret. for
- 22. Trunk area of motor cortex Corticospinal fibres Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus Accessory olivary nuclei Fastigio-olivary fibres Vestibular nuclei Fastigiovestibular fibres Juxtarestiform body Superior cerebellar peduncle Uncinate fasciculus Olivocerebellar fibres Ventral horn Fastigiospinal fibres Lateral corticospinal tract Medial vestibulospinal fibres in MLF, to laminae VII, VIII Medial vestibulospinal tract mainly to laminae VII, VIII Corticonuclear fibres Olivocerebellar fibres Fastigiospinal fibres Medial vestibulospinal fibres Lateral corticospinal tract Lateral vestibulospinal tract Vermal cortex Fastigial nucleus Fastigiovestibular fibres in the juxtarestiform body Ret. for.
- 23. Trunk area of the motor cortex Ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus hypothalamus Fastigiothalamic fibres Superior cerebellar peduncle Juxtarestiform body Fastigiovestibular fibres Vestibular nuclei Fastigio-olivary fibres Accessory olivary nuclei (AON) Olivocerebellar fibresTerminate in medial ventral horn Terminate primarily in spinal laminae VII, VII Medial vestibulospinal fibres in med. long. fasciculus Fastigiospinal fibres Lateral vestibulospinal tract Flocculonodular lobe Lateral part of the vermis Medial part of the vermis Fastigial nucleus Ret. For. AON
- 25. Golgi tendon organ (Ib) Muscle spindle afferent fibre Extrafusal muscle fibres Intrafusal muscle fibres Hair follicle receptors Free endings Meissner’s corpuscle Merkel cells Epidermis Dermis A- fibre A- fibre (SA) A- fibre (RA) A- fibre (SA) A- fibre (RA) C fibreA- fibre (RA,SA) Ruffini endings Nuclear bag fibre Nuclear chain fibre Muscle spindle Secondary ending fibre (II) Primary ending fibre (Ia) Tendon Gamma motor fibres
- 26. Dorsal columns Dorsolateral fasciculusLateral root entry zone A- fibre Dorsal root ganglion C fibre Ventral white commissure Anterolateral system A- fibre A-α fibre Dorsal root ganglion
- 27. Dorsal root ganglion II fibre Ia fibre Muscle spindle Capsule Skeletal muscle (extrafusal fibres) Nuclear chain intrafusal fibre Nuclear bag intrafusal fibre Gamma motor fibres: static dynamic Peripheral nerve Alpha motor fibre
- 28. Midsaggital Line Angle at which the plane of the anterior semicircular duct crosses the midsaggital line Cochlear Anterior Semicircular ducts: Horizontal Posterior Internal Acoustic Meatus Cochlear Nerve Vestibular Nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Foramen Magnum
- 29. A B Anterior Semicircular Canal Posterior Semicircular Canal Horizontal Semicircular Canal Plane of Saccule Plane of horizontal canal and utricle Naso- occipital plane 60 30 90 Horizontal semicircular canal Anterior semicircular canal Posterior semicircular canal Foramen Magnum Temporal bone Anterior canal plane Posterior canal plane
- 30. Striola Otoconia Otolith membrane Receptor cell Kinocilium Gravity Utricular Maculae Resting Resting ExcitationInhibition InhibitionExcitation Left tilt Right tilt Ocular counteroll
- 31. Cerebellum Juxtarestiform body Accessory optic system Fastigal neuronsPurkinje cells Superior vestibular nucleus Lateral vestibular nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Inferior vestibular nucleus Spinal Cord Commissural fibres Cranial nerve VIII Scarpa’s ganglion Cell group Y Otolith organs
- 32. Superior orbital fissure Long ciliary nerves Trigeminal nerve & ganglion Carotid plexus on internal carotid artery Skull Dilator pupillae muscleCiliary muscle Superior cervical ganglion Sympathetic division Intermediolateral gray T1-T3 B C A
- 33. Extrastriate cortex Striate cortex Superior colliculus Olivary pretectal nucleus Pulvinar Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Edinger-Westphal nucleus Red nucleus Oculomotor nucleus Optic tract C B A Oculomotor nerve Ciliary ganglion To extraocular eye muscles Short ciliary nerves Ciliary muscle Optic nerve Lens Sphincter pupillae A B C
- 34. Hypothalamus Oculomotor nerve Oculomotor nucleus Caudal central subdivision Abducens nucleus Facial nucleus Trigeminal sensory nucleus T1-T3 preganglionic sympathetic neurons Trigeminal ganglion Skull Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Superior tarsal muscle Orbicularis oculi muscle Inferior tarsal muscle Carotid plexus on internal carotid artery Superior cervical ganglion
- 35. P/L ISSUE Sensory receptor Find dermatome & challenge receptor Cranial nerve format A or C fibred receptors (ALS) Other fibre typed receptors (DCML) Spinal trigeminal nucleus Sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve Cerebellum Pons + GV15 + alarm point CV GV Rest Fastigial or Lat Vestib nuclei Emboliform, Dentate or Globose nuclei Periaquaductal grey matter Nucleus raphe magnus Spinal trigeminal nucleus Go to flow chart 4 Ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus Cerebral cortex Specific Muscle, Test muscle, then correct circuit Pontine nucleus