3. Mass media
• The mass media are diversified media technologies that are
intended to reach a large audience via mass communication.
• Broadcast media transmit information electronically, via such
media as film, radio, recorded music, or television.
• Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass
communication.
• Internet media comprise such services as email, social media
sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television.
• Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the
web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or
distributing QR Codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile
users to a website.
4. Journals
A journal (through French from Latin diurnalis, daily) has several
related meanings:
• a daily record of events or business; a private journal is usually
referred to as a diary.
• a newspaper or other periodical, in the literal sense of one
published each day
• many publications issued at stated intervals, such as academic
journals and scientific journals, or the record of the transactions of
a society, are often called journals.
• In academic use, a journal refers to a serious, scholarly publication
that is peer-reviewed.
• A non-scholarly magazine written for an educated audience about
an industry or an area of professional activity is usually called a
trade magazine.
5. Journals in the classroom
• Journal writing is an incredibly flexible instructional tool,
useful across the entire curriculum.
• While often used as a class startup activity, it is used
primarily to give students an opportunity to speculate on
paper, confident that their ideas, observations, emotions, and
writing will be accepted without criticism.
6. The potential benefits of journal writing are many, including
opportunities to:
•Sort out experiences, solve problems and consider varying perspectives.
•Examine relationships with others and the world.
•Reflect on personal values, goals, and ideals.
•Summarize ideas, experience and opinions before and after instruction.
•Witness his academic and personal growth by reading past entries.
Benefits of Journals:
7. By reading journal entries, teachers get to
know students,
•Anxieties
•Problems
•Excitements
•Joys
and with this information, make plans tailored for their students.
8. Negative Aspects of Journals
Use of journals does have two possible negatives however: These
include:
•The potential for the teacher to hurt students' feelings with criticism.
Remedy: Avoiding the hurt feelings is simple--just don't criticize.
•The loss of instructional time needed to teach course material.
Remedy: Instructional time can be conserved by simply limiting journal
writing to five or ten minutes a period.
A more interesting approach to conserving time, however, is to assign
journal topics relating to the instructional topic of the day.
9. Advantages of Journals
1. Each transaction is recorded as soon as it takes place. So there is
no possibility of any transaction being omitted from the books of
account.
2. Since the transactions are kept recorded in journal,
chronologically with narration, it can be easily ascertained when and
why a transaction has taken place.
3.For each and every transaction which of the two concerned
accounts will be debited and which account credited, are clearly
written in journal. So, there is no possibility of committing any
mistake in writing the ledger.
10. 4. Since all the debits of transaction are recorded in journal, it is not
necessary to repeat them in ledger.
5. Journal shows the complete story of a transaction in one entry.
6. Any mistake in ledger can be easily detected with the help of
journal.
11. •Transactions recorded date-wise with explanation:
All business pecuniary transactions are entered in journal in chronological order i.e.
order of occurrence.
•Process of classification at convenience:
Since transactions are recorded in journal as and when these take place it ensures
that nothing shall be omitted which should be recorded.
•Ensures the double entry rules have been followed:
Each transaction before it is recorded in journal is analyzed for the aspects involved;
accounts to be debited and credited and also the debit and credit amount. Totaling of
amount columns on each page ensures that the basic rule of “debit having equal and
corresponding credit” has been followed.
What are the Advantages of maintaining Journals?
12. •Reliable evidence:
As the transactions taking place and recording is at the same time therefore
chances of cooking or manipulating the facts are minimized. Thought out
alternations or insertions are not possible.
