for msc students

1. Mr. NITIN PRAKASH KOCHE
M.Sc. PART 1 BOLL NO :-43

2. • MICROSCOPY IS THE TECHNICal field of using
microscope to view a sample and objectives that cannot
be seen by the unaided eye (object that are not with in
the resolution range of normal eye)
• In microscope 3 basic elements are always needed to
form an image
 A source of illumination
 A specimen to be examine
 A system of lense that focuse the illumination
or specimen to form image

3. • Appliction of microscope in biochemical analysis hence
may be simple & routine
• For e.g. A quickly check of status of cell preparation of
cell growing in the tissue culture

4. • The light microscope often reffered to as the optiocAL
microscope is a type of microscope which uses visible
light and a system of lense to magnify the image of small
samples
• Light microscope are the oldest design of microscope
and are possibly designed in their present compound
formin the 17th century.

5. • Historically light microscope where easy to develop and
are popular because they use visible light so that sample
may be directly observed by eye
• A light microscope works on a lot like a refracting
telescope except that the object is very close to the
objective lens
• The light microscope is widely used in college and high
school
• the light microscope may simple or compound

6. • The simple microscope distinguishes between two
pointed objects which are less than 0.1mm apart when
placed at a normal viewing distance of 25 cm . The two
point appear as one & eye fail to resolve or distingush
them as two distinct point
• A simple microscope consist of single convex lenses or a
combination of lenses which funtion as a convex lenses

7. • A convex lens magnify the object & also help to produce
a mignified image of near object , the enlarge image is
formed on the retina

9. • The compound microscope is designed to obtain both
magnification & resolving power
• It utilize the visible light as the source of illumination
• Janssen &hans were the first to construct an operational
microscope
• A compound microscope is constructed according to the
standard pattern of coponents

10. • There is a body tube with an ocular or eyepiece mounted
at its upper end & as many as 3, 4 or 5 objective of
different magnifying power in a resolving nose pieces its
standaed length is 160 mm
• The arms hold the moveable body tube in front & is fixed
in the base
• There are two focuscing knob one for coarse focusing &
other for the fine focusing

11. • The object stage is regid platform with an aperture
through which the light rays can pass
• Light sources a reflecting mirror is placed below the
stage which reflect the sun light on the objective
• The mechanical stage is equipped with scale which
permit accurate mechanical positioning of the slide
• The lens system the compund microscope comprises 3
kind of lenses

12. • The condenser is located below the stage & above the
mirror .it collected and focus the light rays into the plane
of the objects that take no part in the image formation
• The objective this are mounted on the revolving nose
pieces .10x , 40x , & 100x are the magnification of the
objective lenses. It collect the light rays from the object
and from magified real image . The 100x objective is
called as an oil immersion lens

13. • The ocular or the eye picece at he top of the body tube
.A monocular microscope consists of one ocular , while
binocular microscope have two ocular of similar
magnification generally , ocular with 5x , 12.5x & 15x
lenses are avilable the ocular magnifies the image
formed by the objective

14. • Illumination light microscope with built in illumination use
kohler or kohler type illumination . In the type of
illumination there are adjustable collecter lens in front of
the source of light
• Image formation occurs in two stages the first is formed
by the objective. It is real, invert and magnified. The
secound is formed by the ocular. It is virtual inverted &
more magnified

16. • Principal and technique of practical biochemistry by willso
and walker
• wikepidia

17. • Thank you