Sex Offender Law History

Sex Offender Law History
Over two decades ago, law enforcement started compiling information on convicted sex offenders,
in an online database with the exclusive aim of reducing recidivism. Initially, it was for law
enforcement, but throughout the years this information became available to the public (McPherson
2016). Before the early 1990's, a tracking system was unheard of for keeping tabs on sex offenders.
Since then, legislatures have enacted laws, with the most recognized act; Sex Offender Registration
and Notification (SORN), which is Title I of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act
(AWA) of 2006 ("109th Congress Public Law 109–248," 2006). The Act was amended when a
young child by the name of Megan Kanka was raped and murdered by her neighbor. This
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Identify and Respond to Children and Young People at Risk...
1. List the observations that together indicate possible 'risk of significant harm'
Risk of harm is the indication that the child may suffer physical, emotional, and psychological harm
because of neglect by the parent or guardian responsible for his care. In Jamelle's case, indication
includes physical signs like;
Various large bruises
Smelling strong urine stale
Dirty and unwashed skin
Lack of fresh changing clothes
Vomiting
Bloodshot eyes
Psychological l problems such as timidness
2. Response to the situation in preparation of drawing a report
The response will include investigating the factor that can lead to risk of harm to the child, including
social isolation of the child with other children, and family on ... Show more content on
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You should not ignore the risk of harm indicator and exercise bias or favouritism motives. Your
decisions should be guided by crucial standards, legislations, and professional ethics code.
Case 2
1. List the observations that together indicate possible 'risk of significant harm'
Aggression and fighting with peers
Loneliness
Aggression towards staff members
Disrespect to fathers
Wearing heavy attire on warmer days
Red welts
Burn scars on the stomach and at back area
2. Response to the situation in preparation of drawing a report
Tajs aggressiveness, social isolation, changes in dressing and injuries shows that he perceives
psychological complications. His actions are just but coping mechanism to stress. It is evident that
he was exposed to a lot of abuse during the holiday that has altered her psychological reactions.
Helping the Taj will require providing him with stress management support. As my duty, I will draw
her close, get the source of his problem and offer counselling lessons.
The actions or work practices to be taken
As a caregiver I will ensure that there are valid grounds and current concern that Taj is at risk. I will
intervene by discussing the concerns with the supervisor especially from the evidence of injuries. I

will try to get Taj close, in case he might be ready to share his predicament. The child response will
be

Do Sex Offender Registries Decrease Recidivism?
Research Statement: Do Sex Offender Registries Decrease Recidivism?
Hypothesis: Sex offender registries helps decrease the chance of an individual reoffending. These
registration laws serves as a general deterrence and specific deterrence, moreso general deterrence.
A registered sex offender is an individual who is male or female and has been convicted of a crime
involving a trafficking, assault, or sexual act against a minor. According to federal, state, and/or
local laws these sex offenders are required to be placed on the Sex Offender Registry. This is done
after this individual has successfully served their criminal sentences or they have been released on
parole. This system would have not been available to the public if ... Show more content on
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Some of these cases had the involvement of a sexual offense against a child however, they were
committed by individuals who were not registered as a sex offender. Emily Horowitz a professor at
Saint Francis College in the department of sociology and criminal justice made a statement about
the recidivism rate. Horowitz stated it's obvious "that all of the evidence and all of the data shows
that most sex offenses are committed by first–time offenders, for whatever reason, people who are
on the registry have a very low recidivism rate, and if one is really concerned about decreasing sex
offenses, they kind of have to look elsewhere instead of people who have already been convicted of
sex

Child Protection Laws For Adam Walsh
July 27th 1981, it was a Monday afternoon, Reve and her son Adam went out for a shopping trip,
Adam at the time was six years old, they stopped at Sears to shop for some new lamps that John had
seen in the local shopping ad. When the mother and son walked into the store Adam noticed a video
display of the new Asteroids game and begged his mother to play the game whilst she shopped.
After a short period of hesitation she eventually relented and let her son play the game assuming her
child would be okay while she was only going to be a few aisles away from her son. She told her
Adam where she would be and would return in a few minutes to pick him up, gave him a kiss and
rushed to find the lamps she was looking for. Unfortunately upon her ... Show more content on
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As stated in Bringing Adam Home "Walsh considered the new bill that was about to go before
Congress the capstone of a life's work removing impediments to the recovery of the nearly 800,000
children who are reported missing in the U.S each year".
Policy Solution The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act Public Law 109–248 of the 109th
Congress is defined as to protect children from sexual exploitation and violent crime, to prevent
child abuse and child pornography, to promote internet safety and to honor the memory of Adam
Walsh and other child crime victims. On July 27, 2006 President George W. Bush signed the federal
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety act, this act currently has seven titles. The first one which
is titled Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act or SORNA (Public law 109–248, title 1)
which is an act which is stated as such "in order to protect the public from sex offenders and
offenders against children..." Congress in this Act established a comprehensive national system for
the registration of such offenders. There is currently a three tier system which categorizes sex
offenders and their charges. Tier one which is the lowest tier or the minor offense compared to the
other two is described as "required to register for a period of fifteen years" (Public Law 109–248,
Title 1). Tier two is slightly more serious from that of tier two and is punishable by imprisonment
for

Sex Offender Registry
Don't Be Ignorant: Educate Yourself
Dana Harmel
SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility
Professor York
January 21, 2012
The youngest person that can be place on the National Sex Offender Registry is age 6. Yes, a
kindergarten and be found to be a sexual predator as society puts it. Individuals on the registry are
all treated equal by the public no matter the details of their actual crime. Even though the sex
offender registry is a positive tool in the protection of society, the registry needs to be evaluated
because sexual assault is not the only form of child abuse, non–violent offenders are on the registry,
and children are now required to register as offenders.
The ethical problem that society needs to look ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They brought "R" in for questioning and he was released. Later arrested again for statutory rape and
the mother (of the girl) came to defend him saying she knew and approved. He received a year in
jail and so did the mother. Ten years later was required to start registering and was given life. He
should not have been given a life sentence. He is a tier one offender and should only be required to
register for 15 years. Tier three individuals the most violent are required to register for life. He is
now 42 years old and is functioning however being on the registry has caused extreme difficulty in
getting jobs and being able to function without society opinions being forced upon him. I just think
that this story is one of many who are non– violent and are lifelong registrants. All crimes that a
person is on the registry for are wrong; I just think that the non–violent ones need to be reviewed
more thoroughly.
In contrast the deontology approach I think that a lot of people fall into the emotivism approach.
Emotivism is a non–cognitive theory of ethics, because it denies, among other things, that moral
claims can appeal to "facts." Rather, emotivism, as the name indicates, simply says that moral
claims express an emotional response, or an attitude, we may have toward a given kind of behavior
(Mosser, 2010). I think people hear the word sex offender and they think the person is bad and has
hurt a child. Their emotions and ignorance takes over. The

Sex Offenders Should Be Strict
Do you feel safe sending your children out in a neighborhood with registered sexual offenders? Is
the government doing enough to protect our children and ourselves from these dangers? In 2003
78,188 children fell victim to forms of sexual abuse (Finkelhor). We should be protecting our
children, "1 in 4 women and 1 in 6 men will experience some kind of sexual assault in their lifetime,
also 67% of sexual assaults have victims under the age of 18," ("Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender
Website."). Nationwide, sex offenders were four times more likely to reoffend, and be rearrested for
a sexual related crime. Because the recidivism rate is so high, and because we must protect our
citizens, sex offender laws should remain strict.
The restrictions ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They believe that the residency restriction laws "force former offenders into exile, and often into
homelessness." ("Sex Offender Issues"). Sexual offenders are forced to live far away from family
members and friends, often times for small offenses or something they committed years ago. It
should not matter how long ago one offended, the key word is that they did offend. Some say, "the
registry is nothing more than a Scarlet Letter to put people to shame" ("US: Sex Offender Laws May
Do More Harm Than Good."). The people who get put onto the registry have committed a terrible
crime; they deserve the humiliation they may receive. Many claim that "we treat those on the
registry list with disrespect and fear and this open information can put the offenders family in
danger for ridicule and isolation as well." ("IX. Residency Restriction Laws.") The family of an
offender should be embarrassed by their son or daughter's behavior towards other human beings.
Jamie Fellner, director of the US program at Human Rights Watch, says, "The public believes
everyone on a sex offender registry is dangerous. But what's the point of requiring registration by a
teenager who exposed himself as a high–school prank or even by someone who molested a child 30
years ago?" ("US: Sex Offender Laws May Do More Harm Than Good."). Kids need to learn the
severity to exposing themselves; being forced to sign up for the registry serves as the punishment,
hopefully enabling more kids to stop and think before they act. Many argue that the registration
poses an issue with the job market. It is extremely difficult for an offender on the registry to find a
suitable job, no one wants an offender in their workplace and they don't want that bad publicity. It
becomes difficult to oneself when one can not find a job and may have been just released from
prison, therefore many

The First Sex Offender Register Law
United States
California enacted the first sex offender register law in 1944. However, sex offender registers in the
United States did not become widespread until the 1990s. The Jacob Wetterling Act 1994 was
named after 11–year–old Jacob Wetterling who was abducted and to this day has never been found.
The Jacob Wetterling Act implemented the first nation–wide sex offender register. Originally, the
concept of a sex offender register was intended to for use solely by law enforcement; it was not an
intention for the sex offender register to be public. However in 1996, Megan's Law was added to the
Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act 1994 and made
it a requirement for the information on sex offender registers to be accessible by the public. Megan's
Law was enacted as a result of a heinous crime where 7–year–old Megan Kanka was raped and
murdered by her neighbour, who had two previous convictions for sexually assaulting young girls.
In 2006, Congress passed the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act. This Act required states
to enact stricter registration requirements, including an increase in the penalty for not registering and
more frequent verification of sex offenders' locations. Since 2006 public access to sex offender
registers has been accessible on the Internet in most states. On these websites you can search for an
offender by name or location, and find information such as their photo, convictions, address,

Physical Relationships Between A Client And A Therapist
Take Home Exam #2 1. Autonomy is the right that individuals have to make decisions about their
own lives. For an individual to be fully autonomous, they must have all the information regarding
the decision and understand all possible outcomes from making the decision. An individual must all
be free from coercion and pressure from outside sources. 2. Confidentiality is the professional
obligation that a professional has to their client that does not allow the therapist or the social worker
to reveal information without the client's permission. The only time confidentiality is able to be
broken is during mandatory reporting. Privacy is the innate right of a person to disclose information
when and to whom they want to. Privileged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a social worker does choose to engage in these behaviors, the consequences include being charged
with battery, malpractice, fines, jail time, and loss of license. 4. There are two major laws that
protect community members against sexual offenders. Megan's Law requires there to be a public
database for sexual offenders. These databases show the offenders address and picture. The Adam
Walsh Protection Act expanded on Megan's law and streamlines the tracking of sexual offenders.
This act created a three tier system. The tiers are based on the severity of the crime and lay out how
often an offender has to register and for how long. It also set up a punishment system and if the
offender does not register, they face 10 years in prison and they have three days to report a move.
Finally, this act requires offenders to report their entire crime history and give DNA and finger prints
to the police department. Although these laws are put in place to protect community members, it
opens a lot of doors to unethical treatment towards the offender. Due to the fact that these laws make
their home address, picture, and crime public information it decreases their beneficence, non
maleficence, quality of life and human dignity. It also goes against the principles of least harm,
confidentiality, protection of human life. The biggest reason it goes against all these principles is the
fact that this database puts a target on them, opening the doors to abuse or even death.

Child Abusers And Children And Adults All Over The World
Child abusers coexist with children and adults all over the world, but this does not necessarily have
to be public knowledge. People in support of child abusers having public records often feel their
children are safer with this knowledge, allowing them to determine where to live and raise their
children. Others argue these public records are a violation of rights dictated within the Constitution
and abusers should be allowed to maintain their privacy regardless of their crime. Both sides
advocate for the rights of either the abuser or the child to ensure protection. According to the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sexual abuse involving children is defined as, "any
completed or attempted (noncompleted) sexual act, sexual contact with, or exploitation (i.e.
noncontact sexual interaction) of a child with a caregiver" (Murray, Nguyen, and Cohen, 322).
Although varying opinions exist about the functioning definition of child sexual abuse, the debate
over the controversy of child abuser's identities is typically discussed based on this definition. This
ongoing debate revolves around the question as to whether or not the public should know the
identities of those convicted of child sexual abuse and how much information should be made public
based on the individual offender's case. Currently, a child sexual abuser's personal information such
as, " the offender's name, address, offense, place of employment or schooling, and license plate
number, along with a

What Are The Background And Qualifications Of Richard Burr
Richard Burr Background and Qualifications Richard Burrs background, Richard Burr was born on
November 30th 1955 in Charlottesville, Virginia. He's the son of Rev. David Horace White Burr &
Martha an elementary school teacher. Richard attended public schools in Winston–Salem & also
began his pursuit of a football career there. He moved on to play at Wake Forest University while
also earning a degree in communications. After getting his degree Richard met his wife Brooke and
eventually they had 2 kids together and currently have a grandson. Richard decided he wanted to run
for public office when he realized while working in equipment sales that our government policy held
people back from trying to work their way up. Richard wanted to make

Necessary And Proper Clause Essay
Necessary and Proper Clause: Defined In Article 1 and section 8 of the Articles of the Constitution
the necessary and proper clause is defined. This clause is many times referred to as the "elastic
clause" as well. Its inclusion was to grant Congress the power and authority to carry out the
enumerated powers. The implied powers that Congress also possess, were granted with this clause
as a basis, these implied powers are required for Congress to execute the enumerated powers. Some
examples include, the power to collect and levy taxes and revenue, the authority to also regulate
currency and its value, as well as coining money. Without these specific powers, our government
doesn't have the authority or power to charter a bank, regulate the national currency or the power to
tax. The enumerated powers were clearly expanded with the inclusion of the implied powers. (Janda,
Berry, & Goldman, 2012) One of the basic principles of our Constitution, ... Show more content on
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He held true to the constitution and the principles that guided him in his rulings and never let public
opinion steer his decisions. He held a strong belief in the rights of the individual as well as the rights
of property owners. He also saw the need and benefits of a strong unified central government.
Although there were many attempts to force him to leave his seat on the court and therefore weaken
the power of the court, these attempts fortunately all failed. He died while in office in July of 1835.
("John Marshall," 2014) In most of the federal regulations we have today, congressional authority is
justified under the necessary and proper clause within the congressional interstate commerce power.
This is different from the commerce clause, this power grants congress authority to make laws
necessary and proper for carrying into execution, the power to regulate

Essay about Adam Walsh Act
Adam Walsh Act.
The case of six–year old Adam Walsh is perhaps one that will never leave the minds of anyone
initially horrified by its details. In 1981 young Adam was kidnapped from a local mall and
regardless of tireless efforts by his parents John and Reve Walsh, volunteers, and law enforcement;
Adam fell victim to murder. Two weeks after the boy went missing, his decapitated head was
located, but his body was never found. This prompted his father John Walsh to start a campaign and
legislature policy submission toward more stringent accountability for child crime offenders. "The
murder transformed John Walsh's life, turning him from a middle–class hotel marketing executive
into one of country's best known advocates for missing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Issues Presented for Provisionary Inclusion
Sex Offender Registration Act (SORNA) The Adam Walsh act has several other provisions
including Title I, the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act or ("SORNA"). Under this
portion SORNA "established a new federal sex offender registration framework and SORNA made
two major changes to federal sex offender registration policy" (Morse, 2009). This portion of the act
is currently in question for the following reasons:
1. Subsection (1) provides registration requires persons convicted of a sex crime under either federal
or state law to register.
2. Section 16913provides that a sex offender must register and keep the registration current in each
jurisdiction where he or she resides, is an employee, or is a student. (Morse, 2009).
Two provisions of the act violate principles of federalism:
1. A provision providing for the civil commitment of sexually violent predators, and a provision
creating a new federal "failure to register" crime for federal sex offenders.
2. Section 4248 authorizes the

Limitations Of Sona Theory
The goal SORNA set out to achieve of increasing public safety is based on rational choice theory
and is evident throughout the policy. SORNA assumes sex offenders make a rational choice to
commit their crimes for their own self–interest. A study carried out on the offending process of serial
sex offenders whose victims were strangers, discovered that at various phases of the crime (pre–
crime, crime, and post–crime) sex offenders carried out a cost/benefit analysis (Beauregard &
Leclerc, 2007). Strict monitoring and tracking of sex offenders, as SORNA prescribes, is intended to
deter would–be criminals by imposing such a harsh punishment that the cost of incarceration and a
lengthy time on the register post release outweighs the benefit of ... Show more content on
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Managing and tracking where offenders are, as well as notifying the communities in which a sex
offender resides, works, or studies, is seen as a way of keeping the public safe. Members of the
community could be more vigilant if they were provided with more information about a sex
offender, therefore reducing their chances of being victimized. Furthermore, if there is a greater
awareness in the community, if anyone sees anything suspicious, it is more likely to be reported to
law enforcement, and at a faster rate. A latent goal of SORNA is to act as a deterrent (The National
Institute of Justice, 2013) to those who contemplate carrying out such crimes. The policymakers
believe that the threat of having personal information shared to the wider community would make a
potential sex offender question their intentions and stop them from carrying through with the sexual

Sexual Offenders And Sex Offenders
Introduction
After serving their time in prison for their crimes, many sex offenders are sent to mental hospitals
against their will, where they can be kept for undetermined amounts of time, even in some cases
indefinitely. Some people see this as a grand solution to the problem of having sex offenders in the
community. Other see it as unethical, and a violation of human rights. Sex offences committed
against children are one of the most deplorable crimes one can commit, and sex offenders, especially
child molesters are generally seen as the very scum of society. Once a sex offender has served their
time, it can cause some concern about what happens to them, as no one wants them in their
community. There is a chance that they will reoffend. So to some, keeping the most violent sex
offenders removed from society is the simplest and most logical solution. However, keeping
someone completely isolated from society could be seen as a major violation of human rights. It
may even violate the constitution. So the question remains, does confining sex offender indefinitely
in mental hospitals violate the constitution?
The 14th Amendment of the US Constitution states: All persons born or naturalized in the United
States, are subject to the jurisdiction where they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, nor shall any state
deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law:

The Statistics Of Prevalence For Child Sex Abuse Essay
The statistics of prevalence for child sex abuse varies because of all the unique cases of child sex
abuse that is reported. Although, statistic show that one in three girls will be sexually abused at one
point in the United States and boys are one in seven to be sexually abused (Anderson, 2014).
Children are not susceptible to crime as shown in the statistics because predators like pedophiles
have fetishes towards little boy or girls. One study found that 10% of children experienced or came
close to experiencing a form of sexual violence which would include rape, sexual assault, or
harassment (Anderson, 2014). The numbers shown in the statistics are higher because of the
unreported cases. 30% of cases involving child sex abuse are reported to the local authorities and
73% to 87% of female adolescents who are abused sexually are not treated or identified by by the
community (Anderson, 2014). Child sex abuse is also costly because it costs the United States an
estimated $103 billion for the abuse and negligence (Anderson, 2014). On another note, 80% of
children who have been sexually abused have symptoms of PTSD (Anderson, 2014).
Prevention of child sex abuse has risen in recent years with various programs and policies that help
reduce the rate of children being abused. Sex offender registries was formed to notify the local
communities about a sex offender living near the families. The Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against
Children and Sexually Violent Offender Act requires states

Pros And Cons Of Sex Offender Registry
Even with threats at our nation's borders and innovation becoming stagnant in our race to be the
best, one of the most feared crimes committed in the United States is sexual abuse. The 2005 Gallup
poll concluded that 36 percent of the polling group revealed their concerns about terrorism in the
United States. This percentage of people pales in comparison to the 66 percent, who were "very
concerned" about sexual offenders (Yoder). As far back as the late 1940's, states such as California
have implemented sex offender registries. Agan describes the laws that required sex offenders to
provide their place of residence and to have annual checkups (Worley and Worley 335). Later in the
1990's, these laws were revised, the most famous law being Megan's ... Show more content on
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However, it was determined that "in 2006, California's website for its sex offender registry was
visited over 180 million times" (Wagner 266). Furthermore, the 2006 California Statistical Abstract,
the total population of California was approximately 37,444,000 (10). With this fact present,
statistically each registered resident of California would had to have searched for the website about
5 times independently. These statistics seem to support that the people use these websites for
purposes they were not made for. An example of misuse of the sex offender registry was in the case
of a sex offender named "Jeff" (not his real name) who was assaulted by his former friend who
found him on the registry. Jeff's friend decided to bring two bikers to come and abuse Jeff (Yoder).
This specific incident is not isolated, but is widespread. A recent study found that "the
overwhelming majority of respondents [sex offenders] reported that they had experience significant
levels of harassment as a result of having to publicly register as sex offenders" (Worley and Worley
342). The public registry allows for the sexual offender to be ridiculed and assaulted even after their
determined sentenced time for their misconduct is over. An even more surprising study done by
Caputo, Caputo and Brodsky, Zevitz et al., and Zevitz claimed that "notification [in the way of sex
offender information online] can increase anxiety [to the public]" (Levenson et al. 589). The public
registry is now failing at what it was made to do, make the public have a sense of security. Instead,
this security theater tactic has backfired for the government, making people feel more uneasy. An
even more revealing study showed that out of 232 sex offenders, 9% did not live at the address that
the online database had presented (Worley and Worley 337). These laws that sacrifice one's safety

Adam Walsh Child Protection Act Of 2005 Case Study
Briefly describe the nature and scope of the problem this law seeks to correct?
The purpose of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 was established to protect
children from sexual exploitation and violent crimes, to prevent child abuse and child pornography
with an emphasis on comprehensive strategies across federal/state/local communities, to prevent sex
offenders access to children, to prevent internet safety.
Who or what provoked the passage of the legislation?
In 1981 Adam Walsh was abducted from a shopping mall in Florida. Sixteen days after his
abduction he was found murdered. The perpetrator was named on December 16, 2008. John Walsh
Adam's father and also the founder of National Center for Missing and Exploited ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The specific outcomes the law is attempting to accomplish are to provide a revised sex offender
registration system. To make amendments to the child and sex related federal criminal laws.
Provide child protective grant programs. Conduct programs and campaigns to prevent and punish
sex offenders, and those who victimize children. Improve federal criminal law enforcement to
ensure sex offender compliance with registration and notification. Provide access to information and
resources needed to ensure that children are not attacked or abused.
What social work values are incorporated in the policy, explicitly and implicitly?
The social work value that is incorporated in the policy is service " according to the NASW Code of
Ethics (2008) Social workers' primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems.
The second social work value that I believe is incorporated in the policy is the importance of human
relationships. According to the NASW Code of Ethics (2008) ethical principal states "Social
workers recognize the central importance of human relationships". Lastly, social injustice is a value
that is incorporated in this policy. According to the NASW Code of Ethics (2008) the ethical
principal

Abstract. During The Last Few Years, Government Officials
Abstract
During the last few years, government officials and criminal justice experts have explored the
different policies concerning sex offenders in the United States. Sexual violence is a growing
concern and in order to decrease the incidence of these crimes, legislators have passed regulatory
guidance such as policies, sexual offense registration, and community notification. This literature
will explore the definition of sex offenders in the United States and research the different treatments
associated with sexual offenders of all ages as well as promulgate the current legislation with data
from established federal resources. Keywords: sexual assault, recidivism, registration, SMART,
NSOPW Imagine the sight of an intelligent, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An offense against a minor involves any of the following: an offense involving kidnapping... (42
U.S.C. §16911).
Sex offenders vary in numerous ways such as age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, sexual
orientation, and societal or economic class. These differences are referred to as typologies reported
by Simons (2015) in the Sex Offender Management Assessment and Planning Initiative (SOMAPI).
According to the Simons, the most traditional typologies of sex offenders are rapists, child sexual
abusers, female offenders, and Internet sexual offenders.
Finkelhor (2009) gives the most inclusive definition – "child sexual abuse is the use of
force/coercion of a sexual nature either when the victim is younger than age 13 and the age
difference between the victim and the perpetrator is at least 5 years, or when the victim is between
13 and 16 and the age difference between the victim and perpetrator is at least 10 years". Child
sexual abusers are typically someone the child or family knows. "The most important distinction
among child sexual abusers is whether they are pedophilic or non–pedophilic, because pedophilia is
a strong predictor of sexual recidivism" (Simons, 2015).
Rape is defined as "penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or
object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim"
(Uniform Crime

The European Society Of Animal Assisted Therapy
The European Society of Animal–Assisted Therapy (ESAAT) defines Canine Assisted Therapy
(C.A.T) as deliberately planned pedagogic, psychological and socially integrative intervention with
animals for children, youths, adults and senior citizens with cognitive, social–emotional and motoric
disabilities, and behavioural problems, and for focused support. It also includes health–promoting,
preventive and rehabilitative measures. C.A.T takes place individually and within a group setting
e.g. in therapeutic boarding schools, special needs programs, hospitals, nursing homes, prisons and
mental health facilities as researched by Kruger & Serpell (2006).
C.A.T is based on the relationship and process structure within a triangular relationship ... Show
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They also suggest the "word dementia describes a set of symptoms that can include memory loss
and difficulties with thinking, problem–solving or language". Furthermore they put forward the
"symptoms occur when the brain is damaged by certain diseases, including Alzheimer 's disease.
During the course of the disease, proteins build up in the brain to form structures called 'plaques '
and 'tangles. This leads to the loss of connections between nerve cells, and eventually to the death of
nerve cells and loss of brain tissue. Alzheimer's Society also put forward that "people with
Alzheimer 's also have a shortage of some important chemicals in their brain. These chemical
messengers help to transmit signals around the brain. When there is a shortage of them, the signals
are not transmitted as effectively".
Buttram et al (2004) suggest "that it has already been demonstrated that programs of canine assisted
therapy (CAT) can produce beneficial effects on persons affected with Alzheimer's disease (AD)".
Observation undertaken by Buttram and colleagues on patients in an Alzheimer Special Care Unit
(ASCU), found that by having a dog present they found a reduction in behaviour alterations and
mood disorders and an increase in social interactions. Vann (2015) suggests that "even people with
Alzheimer's recognize a dog and they see that the dog is someone new in their environment,
someone with whom they can interact without any worry". Kongable, Buckwater and Stolley

Is Juvenile Sex Offenders?
I. Juvenile Sex Offenders The focus of this paper is juvenile sex offenders. We believe that this
population is in need of more intensive community–based services, especially for those who are
registered as a Megan's Law Offender and have to follow the Sex Offender Registration and
Notification Process. Three case studies will be illustrated in order to demonstrate our motivation to
pursue social justice for this population.
In summer of 2015, I (Dalynet) sat on a courtroom witnessing how a Carl (a pseudonym) who had
just turned 18 was being convicted and mandated to registered as a Megan's Law Offender. The
judge explained the process of registration and notification and how this juvenile diagnosed with
developmental delays had to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was hard for him to make a social life and to find residency (Bryan, 2015). I wish Hampton's story
was special, but it is not. Just like Hampton, there are many children who have been deemed as a sex
offender and therefore required to register for a mistake they did early in their childhood.
Our third case, illustrates the story of a homeless veteran in the sex offender registry. At my previous
place of employment, I (Gwyn) met with an elderly veteran that was experiencing homelessness.
During the intake process, I learned that the veteran was a third time Megan 's Law offender and
was recently released from prison to a local homeless shelter. When he revealed his offence I
remember a flood of emotions. I did not want to support this man with housing because of my biases
towards sex offenders. I quickly realized that I needed to put on my social work hat and help this
human being. The veteran questioned "who will rent to me with such an extensive criminal
background?, and "can I find affordable housing and employment to sustain myself?" The veteran
alluded to violating his parole as a possible solution to not deal with society and this challenging
hurdles he is facing (anonymous, personal communication, September 15, 2015). These real life
case studies are concrete examples of the challenges that juvenile sex offenders and social workers
face every day. Our goal in

The Role of the Prosecutor Essay
In the American Criminal Justice System, there are four key attributes in the role of the prosecutor.
There are discretion, resource dependence, sequential tasks, and filtering. The prosecutors are
lawyers that are accountable for presenting criminal cases in trial. The United States Attorneys are
pointed by state or government, and represent the federal government in courts. They prosecute all
adults who commit felonies and juveniles who commit delinquent crimes. Conjointly, the
prosecutors have further responsibilities, such as legal adviser of the country commissioners, the
Board of Elections, and written admonition of the prosecutors.
Police
In today's justice system, law enforcement contributes a significant role in the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Defense Attorneys
A criminal defense attorney is a lawyer that is specialized in the defense of those who are charged
with criminal conduct. Defense attorneys deal with the surrounding issues of an arrest of their
clients, and the substantive issues of a crime that he or she is charged. In the United States, each
individual who is brought to trail is eligible for a defense attorney, according to the sixth
amendment. If an individual cannot afford an attorney, one is a pointed by the courts; these
individuals are called public defenders who are employed by the government. The duties of a
defense attorney, is to advocate and advice. In order, for the defense attorney to work effectively, the
defendant must supply all the facts and information surrounding the case. Moreover, the defendant
is protected by attorney– client privilege. Thus, any exchange information concerning the case is
private and protected under the law. The criminal defense attorney role is to assist the courts with
the truth–seeking process by presentation an oral argument in favor of defendant innocence. The
average case calls to "advocate with courage and devotion and to render effective, quality
representation" (Flower, Page 650, paragraph one). The misconceptions of a defense attorney are
that she or he performs duties begrudgingly whether or not the attorney believes in the innocents of
the client. The writer considers the availability of an exchange of

Pedophilia and Ideas to Prosecute Offenders
Debate
Pedophiles molest young children, some of them either kill children after abuse or cripple them
psychologically. Hence this house will execute Adult Pedophiles. However, when Pedophiles are
non adults, below 17 years of age, how should they be penalized? They should not be given a free
hand to destroy the core values of a society. No matter what age group they belong to the sex
offenders should be executed with some serious penalties.
The age barrier on most occasions comes in the way of the execution of the teenagers who involve
themselves in different kinds of sex offense. The problem is if teenage pedophiles are not punished
they would do the same crime again and again.
Here I would present some of the arguments that would strengthen my case.
Solvency.1 Civil commitments
First up, Pedophiles according to many psychologists and psychiatrists are the problem children.
They do not grow normally like other normal kids. Either they bear some domestic violence at home
or they have been victims of sexual abuse themselves at a very young age.
This justification for the sinful acts of the pedophiles might not be enough. A pedophile must get the
necessary punishment according to the laws. If this does not happen then society can be in a chaotic
situation.
The teenage pedophile should not be executed. Instead this house would enforce penalty in the form
of monitored psychological treatment.
Secondly, the teenage Pedophiles should be made to perform some civil commitments.

The Tragedy Of Child Abduction
There is nothing like the injustice of child abduction, murder, and molestation. As John Walsh says
it:
"The abduction of a child is a tragedy. No one can fully understand or appreciate what a parent goes
through at such a time, unless they have faced a similar tragedy. Every parent responds differently.
Each parent copes with this nightmare in the best way he or she knows how"
("John Walsh." BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2017. 22 January 2017.
https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/j/john_walsh.html).
Adam Walsh and Megan Kanka were a couple of children out of the many hundreds of thousands
murdered in the US each year. In order to prevent some of these horrific abductions, laws have been
set in place. In the criminal justice system ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But this was not evidence, they needed to further investigate. Before the confessions, after the
murder, evidence tying him with the case was found in his garbage (Dowling, Matt. "Latest appeal
by Jesse Timmendequas to overturn conviction in Megan Kanka killing is rejected." True Jersey, 6
Feb. 2015). Then, Prosecutor, Kathryn Flicker, proved Jesse Timmendequas guilty beyond
reasonable doubt, by bringing up the teeth marks on his hand, which were identified by forensics,
ultimately linking him to the crime. "Megan literally left her mark, a mark that would literally link
her to Jesse Timmendequas," Flicker told the jury (Goldman, John J. "Details Convey Horror of
Megan's Death." Los Angeles Times, 6 May 1997).
Before Megan Kanka's case, information about local predators was not available to the public. Law
enforcers say that Megan would "still be alive" if laws were in action to warn the family about
predators like Timmendequas (Assemblyman, Paul Kramer). "It's the guilt of the parent– you know–
that you are able to protect them and keep them safe and you just have no control over that, it's a real
rude awakening." Maureen Kanka, Megan's mother says to New York

Sex Crime Research Paper
Sex crimes are defined as "crimes that involve illegal or coerced sexual activity." Rape, sodomy,
sexual battery and any attempts to commit these types or similar types of crimes are considered to
be offenses. Sexual crimes can be an element of other criminal activities such as stalking and
domestic violence. While sex laws greatly vary across different jurisdictions and times, laws
regulating sexual activity often have different intentions. These laws can be intended to protect
participants or to forbid a socially, morally or religiously distasteful activity. One who commits a sex
crime is known as a sex offender. While there are a wide range of sex crimes including incest,
sodomy and public indecency, I will focus primarily on victims ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This means that if one does not wish to speak to a medical or law enforcement personnel, they are
not required to. However, the victim can also confidentially talk to a sexual assault victim advocate.
Sexual assault victim advocates are required to go through Sexual Assault Advocate/Counselor
Training (SAACT). This training helps to teach advocates about advocacy and counseling and the
"realities and impact of sexual assault, procedures to follow in common situations, techniques to
support recovery and compassion fatigue and self–care." This is a two day curriculum that focuses
more on crisis situations rather than for long term counseling.
A victim also has the ability to report a sexual assault to identify the suspect to help determine
patterns of sexual crimes in the community but not to prosecute. However, when a victim decides to
report to the crime to the local law enforcement agency and to press charges, there are various steps
that need to be followed. This includes an initial law enforcement officer's interview, medical
examination, investigator's interview, prosecutor's interview and court procedures. Services such as
these are funded through tax

I Have A Knife At Your Neck By Don 't Make A Sound
"I have a knife to your neck. Don 't make a sound. Get out of bed and come with me." These are the
words that Elizabeth Smart heard as she was awoken on June 5, 2002. (Moses, 2010). At only 14
years old, Smart was taken from her home, located in Salt Lake City, Utah, and was not found until
nine months had passed. Brian David Mitchell broke into the Smart 's home and grabbed the
youngster from her room that she shared with her sister Mary Katherine. What Mitchell did not
know was that Mary Katherine was awake and saw the whole ordeal. The youngest daughter waited
until she knew it was safe to depart her bed and raced to her parent 's bedroom. "She 's gone.
Elizabeth is gone," Mary disclosed to her parents, Ed and Lois. At first, they ... Show more content
Rewind to around 2 days before her kidnapping, Smart was in her class at church. Her Sunday
school teacher had preached a few things that she took to heart. "If you will pray to do what God
wants you to do, He will change your life, ' he said. I pressed my dress again, my head down. I was
listening carefully to him now. I don 't know what it was, but there was something in the way he said
it, the intensity of his voice, that made me realize that what he was saying was important." That day
after church, Elizabeth went into her closet to escape the loudness of her siblings and prayed. "God,
I 'm here," I said. "I 'm only fourteen. I know I 'm just a little girl. But I 'll do whatever it is that you
want me to do. I really do want to serve you. But I 'm not sure that I know how." Elizabeth does not
think what transpired was something that God expected. He without a doubt would not have wished
the anguish and torment that she was going to experience upon anybody, particularly upon a young
girl. "But since that time, I have learned an important lesson. Yes, God can make some good come
from evil. But even He, in all His majesty, won 't make the evil go away. Men are free. He won 't
control them. There is wickedness in this world. Which left me with this: When faced with pain and
evil, we have to make a choice. We can choose to be taken by the evil. Or we can try to embrace the
good." (Smart, 2013). Elizabeth woke up with her younger sister in a slumber adjacent to her,

Ottis Toole Case
"Who would take a six year old boy and decapitate him? Who?"
Some agree with the fact that it is wrong to murder an innocent child. The main suspect in this case
is Ottis Toole, for killing the victim, Adam Walsh. He had confessed to committing the murder.
Toole was and is the long prime suspect in this case. Born March 5, 1947 in Jacksonville, Florida.
He was raised by a single mother after his father deserted them. His mother has been reported to be
cruel and both she and Toole's grandmother possessed extreme religious views. Toole admitted to
committing his first murder at the age of 14. After being picked up by a traveling salesman who
forced him to have sex, Toole ran the man down with his own car. As a boy, Toole was classified as
developmentally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Authorities made a series of crucial errors, losing the bloodstained carpeting in Toole's car –
preventing DNA testing – and the car itself. It was a week after the boy's disappearance before the
FBI got involved. To help solve the case.
"So many mistakes were made within the case," John Walsh said in 1997, upon the release of his
book "Tears of Rage,"(about his son) Which harshly criticized the Hollywood Police Department's
work on the case. "It was shocking, inexcusable and heartbreaking."
Adam's death, and his father's subsequent activism on his behalf, helped put faces on milk cartons,
shopping bags and mailbox fliers, started fingerprinting programs and increased security at schools
and stores. It spurred the creation of missing persons units at every large police department.
It also prompted national legislation to create a national center, database and toll–free line devoted
to missing children, and led to the start of "America's Most Wanted," which brought those cases into
millions of homes.
What it also did, said Mount Holyoke College sociologist and criminologist Richard Moran, is make
children and adults alike exponentially more

Sexual Predators
1. Sexual predator defined
2. Relationships
3. Characteristics of an offender
4. Characteristics of a victim
5. Protection for children
6. Jurisdiction
Protecting our Future
"According to a recent study, rapist and child molesters are arrested once for every 30 offenses they
commit" (Leo, 2). Scary thought for the human race, especially for parents with children under 18.
How is a sexual predator defined? Once this has been identified then the need to examine why
internet relationships are developed. What are the different characteristics of offenders and victims?
Lastly, how do we protect our children from sexual predators and who has jurisdiction over the
offenders? What steps, if any, should the government take to protect ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sexual predators suffer from low self–esteem with a need for power and control. They lack empathy.
Many reported offenders are male, with a history of abuse and a troubled childhood. Men are child
molesters in at least ninety–seven percent of reported cases (Sanford, 83). One investigation noted
eighty percent of sexual offenders had committed their first crime by age of thirty with all by the age
of forty. Between 200 and 300 men are prosecuted to every one woman (Sanford, 83). Research has
uncovered repeated drug and/or alcohol abuse issues among convicted predators. Lastly, sexual
offenders suffer from deviant sexual behavior and attitudes (Henderson, 39). Further exploration
discovered that the choice of sexual expression correlates more to the child's age then the offenders
(Sanford, 87). Offenders do not form intimate relationships with other adults (Henderson, 39).
Eight–five percent of sexual activity was nonorgasmic with one–fourth of activity ending before any
stimulation occurred by the offender (Sanford, 83). Now that we know some offenders
characteristics, it is paramount that we learn to identify traits that may be common to youthful
victims.
Characteristics of a victim Crimes against Children Research Center (CCRC) at the University of

New Hampshire found current research makes the stereotype of the online child molester who uses
trickery and violence to assault children is inaccurate (Magid, 1). Youth who use aggressive
behaviors online

Comstock V United States Case Study
MARYVILLE, MO – The case of Comstock v United States was argument today before the highest
court in the land. The case asks whether the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act passed by
Congress is within their enumerated powers outlined in the Constitution. Also, the court will
determine if the Walsh Act violated Graydon Earl Comstock's right to due process and protection
against double jeopardy when it was used to justify detaining him past the length of his prison
sentence. Attorneys from two separate law firms represented Comstock in the proceedings today.
They claimed the Walsh Act violated his Constitutional protections by detaining him longer than his
full prison sentence. Under this Act, offenders deemed to be "sexually dangerous"

Laws Against Child Abuse
Child abuse has been a major problem in the United States for many years. Child abuse is the
physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment or neglect of a child or children ("Definitions of Child
Abuse & Neglect). One in five children, who are abused, die every single day as a result of child
abuse, with most of these children being under the age of four. Some people believe child abuse
should not be the government's problem because people have the right to do whatever they want
with their children, but these people do not understand the effect child abuse has on innocent
children, therefore why laws that protect children should be enforced regardless of the privacy and
rights of the abusers being violated.
The laws about child abuse are established in order to protect all of the children in the United States.
In New York laws require that any social service profession or school related profession, or health
care professions must report child abuse, even if they are suspicious. This law and all the other laws
pertaining to child abuse need to be more heavily enforced in order to protect children now and
make sure they are kept safe in the future. Laws against child abuse are of absolute necessity to stop
those who are abusing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This law also requires that the penalties for sex offenders who don't register be stricter and more
heavily enforced (Will States Say No). Many people have criticized this law as being too strict and a
"one–size–fits–all approach." Making every sex offender be registered has brought up many
concerns, one in particular being that kids as young as 14 years old must be registered. This law may
be seen as causing potential problems but it is in place in order to protect children by giving families
the chance to know who is around their

Sex Offender Notification System
Since 1994 nationwide laws have been put into an effect nationwide asking for those convicted of a
sexual crime be placed on a registered list. In the 20 years since its implementation, the registry has
added several caveats such as a tier based registry where the violent offenders were kept at a higher
more prominent level. As well as public notice every few months of an offender relocating or living
in your area. While some low levels offenders must relinquish 15 years of their life notifying the
public and remaining on this list, those on the higher tier of the list must reregister more often and
for the rest of their lives. While on the surface it would seem that having such a list, coupled with a
lifetime of notification to residents in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since it's their enactment however some states have seen a dramatic increase in sex offenders
whether due to the expansion of the definition of a sexual crime, or the reclassification of some
convicts as a result of this law. An example of this would be prior to the law if a teenager was tried
as an adult in their state, served time but under the state's legislature was not required to register as
an offender. Under the current law, there is a possibility this teenager will have to register for the
rest of their life every 3 months. Failure to do so may result in a felony charge or possible life
sentence. If they were to go to college they would need to reregister with the state they reside in as
well as their home state, and would likely also be rejected for federal aid as the classification may
have already pegged him as a convicted

Child Protection And Safety Act
Running Head: Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 1
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 10
Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006
Natasha R. Dixon
Durham Technical Community College: Durham, N.C.
Abstract
In recent years, policymakers and parents of missing, abducted and slain children have demanded
action against the growing problem of pedophiles in the United States. This literature examines one
of the most controversial child safety acts passed in U.S. history. The paper will introduce to you
how the child safety act started, the most controversial part of the act, the constitutional challenges
the act faces; and the rationale behind the child safety act. This topic was of most ... Show more
(history.com) John and his wife Reve' immediately channeled their grief into helping others and
protecting children from child predators, preventing attacks against children, and bringing child
predators to justice.
In 1984, as they helped to pass The Missing Children's Act of 1982 and The Missing Children's
Assistance Act of 1984. In 1983, The Adam Walsh story was made into an NBC television movie
called, Adam. In 2006, former President George W. Bush signed into law the Adam Walsh Child
Protection and Safety Act of 2006 ("Walsh Act") "The Walsh Act is a recent addition to an array of
federal programs designed to combat sexual violence and child exploitation in America. Its stated
purposes are to "protect children from sexual exploitation and violent crime, to prevent child abuse
and child pornography, to promote Internet safety, and to honor the memory of Adam Walsh and
other child crime victims." (President Signs Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act. (n.d.).
PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e426372008–004)
Title I
Title I of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 was established as The Sex
Offender Registration and Notification Act ('SORNA')[footnoteRef:1] and received the most media
attention because it expanded the National Sex Offender Registry nationally and established
sanctions up to a maximum of twenty years for sex offenders who do not comply with the laws
registration requirements. (Zgoba, K., & Ragbir, D. (2016). [1:

The Public´s Perceptions of Victims and criminals
Such shows like America's Most Wanted have been instrumental for the victims' rights movement
here in America. "America's Most Wanted has become one of the most important programs on
television, having played a major role in the capture of more than 1,100 fugitives in the U.S. and 30
countries, including 17 on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List, rescue of 61 children and Missing
persons since its launch in 1988" (Welch, 2013). The host of the show John Walsh was a victim in
his own right when his son Adam was taken from a Florida mall in 1983. The abduction of their son
Adam prompted the Walsh family to seek help from various law enforcement agencies for
themselves and other families that were in similar situations thus leading to the ... Show more
According to the theory observed by the researchers, the criminal justice system not only has
emphasized the interests of the offenders but has put the victims secondary to those offenders.
Individuals can experience many types of victimizations which include domestic violence, theft, and
child abuse. The perception of the masses in our society about these crimes and others are not
always valid or accurate. The perceptions that are driven by those of the media include myths about
certain crimes and the distinguishing characteristics of some of those that have been victimized.
Some examples of these perceptions that are held by our society are people are to blame for their
own victimizations, they might deserve this kind of treatment because of who they are or where they
live and lastly, individuals usually recover from being victimized rather quickly. These perceptions
are to blame for negative reactions that victims receive from the public and the criminal justice
system. I think due to shows like America's Most Wanted has really curbed society's perceptions of
victims and criminals. These types of shows have diminished the stereotypical mentality that has
existed here in America for centuries and that is people are not to blame for being victimized
because of their status or the

Criminal Law Encompasses The Regulation Of Conduct On A
Criminal law encompasses the regulation of conduct on a social level as well as outlining the
consequences when conduct is deemed detrimental to public safety. For this reason, Sex Offender
Registration Laws were originally established as a risk management tool for law enforcement to
monitor sex offenders as a means of deterrence. "There are perhaps no crimes that inspire as much
fear, revulsion, and outrage as sexual offenses" (Levenson, Grady & Leibowitz, 2016). Opponents to
current Sex Offender Registration laws point to public access to sex offender registries, all–
encompassing registration criteria and lifetime registration established through the Jacob Wetterling
Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offenders Act of 1994 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Convicted sexual offenders were required to verify their address with local law enforcement for at
least 10 years after their release from prison. As a subsection of the Wetterling Act, federal Megan's
Law of 1996 required law enforcement to notify communities and therefore establishing sex
offender registries as public. Notification includes the name, photo, address, incarceration date and
convicted offense. The law is named after Megan Kana, a seven–year–old who was raped and killed
in 1994 by a registered sex offender who resided across the street from her home. The Adam Walsh
Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 established a three tier organization to sex offense crimes.
The Act is named after Adam Walsh, a six–year–old who was abducted and killed in 1981. Those
convicted of Tier 3 offenses have a lifetime registration requirement which must be updated every
three months. Tier 2 offenses have a twenty–five–year registration requirement which must be
updated every six months. Tier 1 offenses has a fifteen–year registration requirement and must be
updated yearly. Lastly, the Adam Walsh Act created a national sex offender registry, prompting
states to create a standardized registration criteria and dissemination format.
Problem Identification While originally created to meet public safety demands, sexual registration
laws have been ineffective in deterrence and provide a false sense of

The State Law Enforcement Agency
The state law enforcement agency that obtained the offender's information is responsible for
entering the data into the appropriate record system and notifies the appropriate law enforcement
agency that resides over the jurisdiction of the offender. All of the data collected from the offender
will also be transferred to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Every year on the date of the person's
initial registration the state law enforcement agency will mail them a nonforwardable verification
form to their last reported address. The person then is required to mail the verification form to the
designated state law enforcement agency with ten days. Verification forms must be signed and the
person must report they still reside at the same address last reported to the state law enforcement
agency. Failure to mail the verification form within ten days results in a violation of the act unless
the person is able to prove their address has not changed (statute). Convicted offenders who must
register are required to comply until "ten years have elapsed" since they have been released from
prison, paroled, given supervised release or put on probation. The requirement of a person to register
may also be terminated when it is determined the person "no longer suffers from a mental
abnormality or personality disorder that would make the person likely to engage in a predatory
sexually violent offense." A person who knowingly fails to register and keep registration current is
subject to

Internet Related Abuses And Cyberbullying
NetSmartz Educational Program
I. Introduction
Internet–related abuses and cyberbullying has long been a concern of schools and universities, the
government and the whole community. Efforts have been put forward to combat cyberbullying that
include prevention and intervention programs at the community, school, and family levels. The
development and implementation of clinical services are primarily designed to remediate and
prevent the many deleterious effects of child abuse, either online or offline.
In an effort to help educate children and protect themselves from online abuse and cyberbullying,
the NetSmartz Educational Program was established by the National Center for Missing &
Exploited Children (NCMEC). In addition, the program also ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Accordingly, NetSmartz's activity cards are assured to be in line with the language arts, health, and
technology standards of the National Council of Teachers of English, the International Society for
Technology in Education and the American Cancer Society. These standards have been provided to
assist individuals when integrating NetSmartz resources into their individual educational
framework.
b. Teaching Materials
NetSmartz Educational Program employs various teaching materials to make the learning
experience of individuals as effective and as fun as possible. First, it uses videos and activity cards,
which are documentary shorts and animations that are commonly accompanied by classroom
lessons. Second, NetSmartz also uses internet safety presentations, which are interactive Powerpoint
presentations devoted to different viewers, such as children, teens, tweens, and adults. Handouts are
also employed as tip sheets and discussion guides. Safety pledges are also implemented by
NetSmartz, which are age–appropriate rules that are used as a contract or pledge. NetSmartz has
also teachable recipes that combine internet safety lessons with culinary fun.
c. Statistics
With the advent of technology and the rise of the internet, internet crimes and abuses had been
continuously increasing. For an instance in 2004, there were about 3,433 child abuse domains online
in the United States.

Public Policy Essay
Final Paper
Brittany Baity
PPA603: Government Budgeting (MBQ 1118A)
Instructor: Chiji Ohayia
June 06, 2011
Public policy is the study of policy making by governments. A government's public policy is the set
of policies (laws, plans, actions, behaviors) that it chooses. (Lee, Johnson, Joyce, 2008) Since
governments claim authority and responsibility (to varying degrees) over a large group of
individuals, they see fit to establish plans and methods of action that will govern that society. I will
discuss the possible funding options for reducing Georgia's sex offender rate, evaluate how public
policy decisions affect the receipt of revenues, and develop a revenue policy that aligns with
community values.
It is a parent's nightmare: a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Government created a Project Safe Childhood which is a program to protect children from
rapist and sex offenders. The Project Safe Childhood will make a ground for a national zero–
tolerance culture. The Project Safe Childhood program is a strong three–legged stool: one leg is the
federal contributions led by the United States Attorneys around the country, another is state and
local law enforcement, including the Internet Crimes Against Children task forces funded by the
Department's Office of Justice Programs and the third is non–governmental organizations, like the
Financial Coalition Against Child Pornography and the National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children. [NCMEC] (Geffner, 2008)
Under the Project Safe Childhood structure, state, local and federal partners are seeking the toughest
sentences possible. The Government has made half a million dollars available for the Project Safe
Childhood program. This program intends to bring state and local law enforcement together with
federal prosecutors from their regions.
Cooperative law–enforcement work on the registry has already led to some great stories of success.
The first case brought under the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act involved a fugitive
who was arrested by the Social Security Administration for allegedly using a false name and another
man's Social Security number as he tried to set up a new identity for himself. It turns out that this
individual was

Targeting Key Issues In The Routine Activities Theory
There are a vast number of issues concerning child exploitation from the actions of the offender and
the victim. Child exploitation is a complex issue that does not have one simple solution; this crime is
nothing new, but technology is allowing it to evolve. Child exploitation is moving from sending
child pornography through the postal service and targeting only children an offender has close
proximity to. Technology and the Internet have widened the opportunities for offenders and have
allowed for potentially ay juvenile to become victimized. The recommendations will focus on
targeting key issues presented in the Routine Activities Theory; limiting a motivated offender,
making targets unsuitable, and creating capable guardians online. Education ... Show more content
The only states to attempt to address the issue are California, New York, and Florida, but those laws
are still lacking (Kloess, 132). Offenders and their victims can be from different areas that can create
jurisdiction issues as these situations occur online and not always in a physical space. Child
exploitation chargers are generally done at a federal level, but the communication could allow for
other charges to be brought up. An offender could reside in Indiana where there are no
communication laws and have a victim in Michigan where there are laws concerning the online
communication between juveniles and offenders. This could allow Michigan to create charges as the
target was from that state, which according to the Zippo test, may give Michigan jurisdiction of the
case over

Adam Walsh Research Paper
Adam Walsh At six years old, Adam Walsh was abducted by Ottis Toole, who violently abused him,
and ultimately killed Adam. The Adam Walsh case had a huge impact on the world. Born to John
and Reve Walsh, Adam came into the world on November 14, 1974 in Hollywood Florida. Adam
Walsh died in Florida in his hometown, Hollywood on July 27, 1981 (Standiford, n.d., Page 57).
Adam had two sisters and one brother. His sisters names are Meghan and Callahan, and his brother's
name is Hayden ("27 Years Later, Case," n.d.). During an ordinary shopping trip to a Sears
department store on the early afternoon of July 27, 1981, six year old Adam Walsh disappeared
within minutes of leaving his mother's side. Adam and his mom went to a Sears store to shop ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After Adam had died, John, Adam's father started the T.V program, America's Most Wanted
(Standiford, n.d., p. Page 103) President George W. Bush created the Adam Walsh Child Protection
and Safety Act. So then the penalties for crime involving kids will be strengthened. The Act that was
passed after Adam's death makes every state to apply exact information for when posting offender
data on the internet. It must include the offender's name, address, date of birth, place of
employment, and a picture. Adam Walsh's parents started a new organization to help families get
through the struggle of their own children that have gone missing ("27 Years Later, Case," n.d.).
This Act organizes all sex offenders, according to the crime that they have committed. If they do not
update their whereabouts they will be punished (Leinwand & Bazar, 2008, p. Page 33). The T.V
show, America's Most Wanted, showed the world about its criminals, and the killings, and it also
changed how the police and the other authorities looked for the missing children ("Ottis Toole
Biography,"

Sex Offender Law History

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