Very attractive and good ppt for presentations in colleges..

1. K.AMARNATH REDDY
III B.TECH
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MADANAPALLI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
(AFFILIATED TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY)
P.B.No 14, Angallu, Madanapalle-517325

2. ADVANCES IN AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING
BY
K.AMARNATH REDDY
• The automobile is a self propelled vehicle that travels on land
– William H Crouse

3. OBJECTIVE
•Problems facing by using existing
engines.
•Factors to solve such problems.
•developments in existing Ic engines.
•Major areas of development

4. INTRODUCTION
• The internal combustion engine has been with us
since about 1885.
• An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat
engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with
an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber
that is an integral part of the working fluid flow
circuit.
• An IC engine is fed with fossil fuels like natural
gas or petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel
fuel or fuel oil.

5. •Engine
An engine is a device which transforms one form of energy into
another form.
• Heat engine
Heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy
of a fuel into thermal energy and utilizes this thermal energy to perform
useful work.

7. Cost
Product
that
effect
improvement in
ic engines
FACTORS
Customer
expectations
Environmental
legal
Requirements

8. Internal Combustion Engines Applications
The internal combustion engine is
an engine in which the combustion
of fuel-oxidizer mixture occurs in a
confined space
applied in:
automotive
rail transportation
power generation
ships
aviation
garden appliances

9. Internal Combustion Engines
– two stroke -
2. Power / Exhaust
a. ignition
b. piston moves downward
compressing fuel-air mixture
in the crankcase
c. exhaust port opens
1. Intake / Compression
a. inlet port opens
b. compressed fuel-air mixture
rushes into the cylinder
c. piston upward movement
provides further compression

10. Internal Combustion Engines
– two stroke -
Advantages:
lack of valves, which simplifies construction and
lowers weight
fire once every revolution, which gives a
significant power boost
good power to weight ratio
Drawbacks:
 low efficiency
 produce a lot of pollution
 high wear and tear

11. Internal Combustion Engines
– four stroke -
starting position
a. piston starts moving
down
b. intake valve opens
c. air-fuel mixture gets in
1. intake
a. piston moves up
b. both valves closed
c. air-fuel mixture
gets compressed
2. compression

12. Internal Combustion Engines
– four stroke -
ignition
air-fuel mixture
explodes driving the
piston down
3. power
a. piston moves up
b. exhaust valve opens
c. exhaust leaves the
cylinder
4. exhaust

13. Internal Combustion Engines
– four stroke -
Advantages:
•low wear and tear
•better efficiency than2-stroke engine
•no oil in the fuel – less pollution
Drawbacks:
•complicated constriction
•less power is generated

14. SIX STROKE ENGINES
●The first four strokes are the same as four stroke internal combustion engine.
●After exhaust stroke, instead of air/fuel mixture – fresh air/water is sucked
into the cylinder from the filter and is removed during sixth stroke.
 Six stroke engines are developed in two different ways

15. SIX STROKE ENGINE
• The invention of six stroke engines was for
the following reasons:
• Less weight to power ratio
• Less back pressure
• More power and fuel economy
• Obtain freedom in designing
• Better cooling

16. MAJOR AREAS OF DEVELOPMENT
• The main areas of advancement are:
Engine Design
Material Selection
Timing Controls
Fuel Injection And Combustion

17. ENGINE DESIGN
• In past we used only single cylinder in engine design.These caused a
large fluctuation in power output.
• In order to reduce those output fluctuations and engine size no of
cylinders has been increased in engine design.
• There are four types of engine design used namely
1. Inline engines
2. v type engines
3. Flat type engines
4. Radial engines

18. Cylinder layouts
flat inline
V TYPE

19. inline
flat
„boxer”
V

20. Cylinder
layouts
radial

21. MATERIAL SELECTION
• When selecting materials for engine following factors are considered
1. weight of material
2. melting point
3. coefficient of expansion
4. heat transmission power
5. vibration and sound damping
• Main materials used in engine manufacturing are
1. grey cast iron
2. aluminium
3. magnesium

22. CONCLUSION
• We are the mechanical engineers by improving the drawbacks of existing
model we can produce a better product in automobile sectors.
• Each type of engines has some advantages over the other one. Thus, the
selection of the appropriate engine requires determining the conditions of
application.
• Despite the green hype, internal-combustion engines with its latest and
advanced technology will keep powering vehicles for the foreseeable
future.

23. References
 en.wikipedia.org
 Elements of IC Engines, Rogowsky, Internal
Combustion Engines, Mathur & Metha, Vol I&II
Pergamon Press
THANKYOU !