2. MEANING:
o Study and practice of technical design including furniture,
automobiles and toys.
o Study of skills required to work with tools and machinery.
INDUSTRIAL ARTIST – A person trained or engaged in the
production of industrial art.
3. HISTORY
PREHISTORIC TIMES – human beings first developed tools
1800 – Manual Training
- formal instruction consisted of manual training for trades and
manufacturing
CALVIN WOODWARD – father of manual training.
1890 – Manual Arts (Russia)
- concerned for creative design
4. 1900 – Industrial Arts (United States)
- education became alternative for students seeking to learn a trade.
Vocational school – teaching students specific skills such as
automobile repair or furniture design
Shop Class
Greatest Nation in the World
Today – Technology Education
5. PURPOSE
For the students acquire an understanding of the industrial field in
which man uses those material to improve his/her daily life.
Contributes to the advancement of society.
• technology
7. BENEFITS
Improve students understanding of the industrial world
Students lacking the skill or desire to study math and science obtain a
career in industrial arts by learning a trade such as mechanics.
People proficient in math and science study and put the knowledge to use
by designing new products.
Teach an industrial art such as woodworking.
Enables learners to use and understand the properties of a wide range of
tools, machines, materials and systems.
Innovation opens up new doors for new businesses to exist and
contribute to the economy.
11. AUTOMOTIVE HISTORY
1885 - Gottlieb Daimler invented the prototype of the modern gas engine — with a
vertical cylinder, and with gasoline injected through a carburetor (patented in
1887). Daimler first built a two-wheeled vehicle the "Reitwagen" (Riding Carriage)
with this engine and a year later built the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle.
12. AUTOMOTIVE HISTORY
1886 - On January 29, Karl Benz received the first patent (DRP No. 37435) for a
gas-fueled car.
14. PARTS OF AUTOMOBILE
I. Chassis
◦ the frame or main structure of a vehicle
◦ contains all the major units necessary to
propel the vehicle, guide its motion, stop
it and allow it to run smoothly over
uneven surfaces
◦ main mounting for all the components
including the body.
◦ carrying unit.
15. PARTS OF AUTOMOBILE
Automobile Body or Superstructure
◦ integral part of the chassis.
◦ made after receiving the chassis from the
manufacturer
◦ The shape of the body depends upon the
ultimate use for which the vehicle is meant.
◦ made of a sheet of metal or fibre glass, so
that passengers can sit in it
◦ To make the journey comfortable, cushioned
seats are provided
◦ The body is provided on all sides with glass
panes fixed to protect the passengers from
dust and rain.
16. PARTS OF AUTOMOBILE
II. ENGINE
complex unit in which different components are assembled together
fuel is burned to produce power or energy
The engine converts chemical energy (heat energy) into mechanical energy,
whichis then utilized for vehicular movement.
TWO TYPES OF ENGINE
Internal Combustion (IC) engine - When the fuel is burned within the
engine
External Combustion (EC) engine - when it is burned externally and the
produced steam is used for the mechanical movement
17. II. ENGINE
PROCESS OF IGNITION
SPARK IGNITION ENGINE
combustion takes place by the spark generated by spark plug
use petrol as fuel
air-fuel mixture is inserted into the cylinder with the help of carburetor
compression ignition engine
Examples: scooters, motorcycles, cars
18. II. ENGINE
PROCESS OF IGNITION
COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
combustion takes place by the heat of the compressed air
use diesel as fuel
only air enters the cylinder during suction stroke using injector
produces more hydrocarbons which lead to air pollution
noise and vibration problem
Examples: buses, trucks, ships
19. II. ENGINE
The spark ignition engine can be differentiated from the compression
ignition engine as per the following factors.
The type of fuel used.
The way the fuel enters in the combustion chamber.
The way in which fuel is ignited.
21. PARTS OF AUTOMOBILE
III. LUBRICATING SYSTEM
•maintenance of engine.
•The engine cannot run smoothly for more than a
few minutes without the lubricating oil.
•Whenever two metallic surfaces move over each
other under direct contact, dry or solid friction is
produced. This is due to the irregularities on the
two surfaces interlocking each other.
•The dry friction thus created produces a lot of
heat and results in wear and tear of the metal
surface.
22. ENGINE LUBRICATING SYSTEM
PURPOSE
OF LUBRICATING OIL
The oil lubricates moving part
to reduce friction.
The oil reduces wear.
The oil serves as a cooling agent.
The oil helps to cushion the load.
The oil reduces blow by In addition to lubricating
the piston and rings.
The oil acts as a cleaning agent.
25. ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
THREE PRIMARY FUNCTION
◦ Remove excess heat from the engine
◦ Maintain a constant engine operating temperature
◦ Increase the temperature of a cold engine as quickly as possible
by maintaining the thermostat valve
26. ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM
NECEESSITY OF COOLING
The cylinders of internal combustion engines require cooling because the
engine cannot convert all the heat energy released by combustion into useful
work. Liquid cooling is employed in most of the IC engines, whether they are
used in automobiles or elsewhere. The water (coolant) is circulated around the
cylinders to pick up heat and then dissipate it through a radiator. As the
temperature increases from 71 to 82 degrees centigrade, the thermostat valve
opens and sends water to the radiator to radiate the heat. When the temperature
rises above 82 degrees, the thermostat switch operates the cooling fan to
support the cooling process in radiator.
