Critical Analysis Of Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2

Critical Analysis Of Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2
Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2
Dmitri Shostakovich is known as one of the most major composers within the 20th century. This
composer, born in 1906 in Saint Petersburg, Russia discovered his musical talent at age 9 after
beginning piano lessons with his mother. Throughout the years, he learned full piano and
composition which lead to his graduation from the Saint Petersburg Conservatory at age 19 with his
first symphony. Shostakovich often times found difficulty in balancing his artistic inspiration and
the demands of the soviet state. Shostakovich is recognized for his themes of solemn ambivalence as
well as for his ability to incorporate deep emotional range within his work. For this review, I chose
to watch Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2. This concert was performed by the State Academic
Symphony Orchestra of the USSR. The conductor of this concert was Yevgeny Svetlanov and the
violoncellist performing was Mstislav Rostropovich. Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2 was
performed in the Large Hall of Moscow State Conservatory on September 25th, 1966.
This concerto is about 35 minutes long and has three movements throughout the work. In my
opinion, Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2 is full of unpredictability and emotional melancholy. It
seems as if the first movement conveys such a dark tone which within itself exemplifies the piece in
a dreary and mysterious light. It feels as if some extremely somber themes are being explored within
the beginning of the movement. The
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Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
"Truly there would be reason to go mad were it not for music." (― Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky) Pyotr
Ilyich Tchaikovsky used music as an escape, crafting wondrous melodies to entice the heart and
mind out of its worldly miseries and into the land where musical delight reigned supreme. His life
lay troubled, and music became his refuge. As a result, he spent copious time dedicated to
developing his musical talent and composed the worlds of fantastic delights in which, as he states,
he truly lived. His wildly prolific music graced the ears and eyes of many, drawn into his finely–
crafted masterpieces of Russia lore. To further understand Tchaikovsky's influence, we will examine
his personal life, his career, and his family life. Composer Pyotr ... Show more content on
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Petersburg Conservatory, as one of their first composition students. Upon graduation, he moved to
Moscow, where he became a professor of harmony at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1875, acclaim
came readily for Tchaikovsky as he embarked on a tour of Europe. During this time he published his
most famous ballets, including Swan Lake and the fantasy Francesca da Rimini. Tchaikovsky
displayed an unusually wide stylistic and emotional range, from salon works of innocuous charm to
symphonies and operas of tremendous depth, power and grandeur. As a Romantic composer, he
emulated the emotionality of the period, drawing out long, heart–felt performances from the folk
and native stories and legends of his homeland. Pyotr Tchaikovsky's first publicly performed work
"Characteristic Dances" was conducted by Johann Strauss the Younger in 1865, at a Pavlovsk
concert. In total Tchaikovsky published 169 pieces of music, including operas, symphonies, ballets,
cantatas, concertos, and fantasias. March 1884, Tchaikovsky received an official statement from the
current Tsar, highlighting his work as a Russian composer and pushing to him the title of the 'Father
of Russian Romanticism'. His works influenced several famous Russian composers, including
Stravinsky, and Rachmaninov, and composers of other nationalities as well, such as, Richard
Strauss, George Mahler, and Jean Sibelius. His ballets and operas are still performed around the
world and his name lives

Summary Of Symphony For The City Of The Dead
Author M.T. Anderson effectively captures the sentiment lived by the Russians in his book
Symphony for the City of the Dead when he tells the story of a young man, Dmitri Shostakovich,
who survived Joseph Stalin's deadly regime and Adolf Hitler's attack on his native city of Leningrad.
Throughout the story, Stalin finds new ways to subjugate his people by eliminating anyone who
contradicted his ideals. Then, the story takes a sinister path when the Germans attack on Russia
during World War II becomes inevitable.
The story begins when a Soviet agent gives an American agent a "wooden box" which contained a
microfilm with Shostakovich's seventh symphony inscribed in it. This box was taken "across the
desserts of the Middle East and North Africa to Cairo, then flown to Brazil, and from there to the
United States" (p. 2). The symphony would be played across the country and it would encourage
Americans to aid the Soviets in their attempt to defeat the Nazis.
Afterwards, Anderson goes back in time and reveals how the life of a genius, Shostakovich, was
affected by a series of war conflicts including a revolution and World War I. Then, in October 1917,
he also witnessed the birth of a Communist Russia after Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks seized
power. For a brief period, this new government supported and encouraged artists to develop their
talents. The city became a place where "new art, new music, and new drama had to be found for a
new world where workers ruled" (p. 37).

The Russian Revolution Of 1917
The Russian Revolution of 1917 involved the collapse of an empire under Tsar Nicholas II and the
rise of Marxian socialism under Lenin and his Bolsheviks. It sparked the beginning of a new era in
Russia that had effects on countries around the world.
In the years leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917, the country had a succession of wars.
These were, The Crimean War (1854–56), The Russo–Turkish War (1877–78), The Russo–Japanese
War (1904–1905), and World War I (1914–18). All of these required a lot from the state, including
tax dollars and manpower. Russia suffered defeat in all, except against Turkey. This series of war
caused great discontent among the people and caused suffering in the country 's economy and
government.
Along with these wars, there were three major parties that contributed to the cause of the revolution.
First, there were the peasants, who maintained the majority of the population in Russia. They were
excessively poor and could barely escape famine from harvest to harvest. The population boom in
Russia from 1867–1896 was felt most drastically by the peasants. The increase of 30 million people
in less than 30 years was too great that the land to the peasants ' disposal did not increase
sufficiently. The government tried to help, but war took precedence. Second, there was a rise of the
industrial working class. These workers were employed in the mines, factories and workshops of the
major cities. They suffered low wages, poor housing and many

Role Of Stalin In Animal Farm
Animal Farm is an epic novel written by George Orwell based on the Russian revolution. Many
Russian figures and concepts are expressed and represented in the novel through different forms and
size. One of the noticeable characters in the novel is Napoleon who represents Stalin in the Russian
revolution. Napoleon is a character from Animal Farm that is first introduced in page 15 as a young
boar whom Mr. Jones was breeding for sale. His appearance was "Large, rather fierce looking
Berkshire boar."– pg 16. He was "Not much of a talker, but with a reputation of getting his own
way." – pg 16. He was one of the pigs that were responsible for "teaching and organizing the
others"–pg15. His actions are cruel, manipulative, selfish and persuasive. ... Show more content on
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This is done by the dog's cruel actions and physical appearance. The dogs being under Napoleons
command instills fear into the other animals. It forces the other animals to submit to Napoleon in the
fear of being attacked by Napoleon's nine enormous dogs. Not to mention Snowball, one of the
other leaders was chased away by the dogs. Snowballs relationship with Napoleon was always
fighting and disagreeing with Napoleon. As one of the other leaders on the farm, he held some
power. Snowball was a good speaker and inventive. In discussions votes would always be half for
snowball and half Napoleon showing the amount of power each pigs had. Snowball and Napoleon
had power struggles between each other. Snowball wanted to create a windmill, Napoleon said no.
When snowball went into a heated passionate explanation on why they should build the windmill,
by the time he finished it was already concluded that all the votes would go to

Analysis Of George Orwell 's ' Orwell ' Essay
Born Erick Arthur Blair, Orwell disregarded his birth name and changed it to George Orwell. After
Orwell changed his name, he transitioned from a supporter of the British imperial to a literary
political rebel. Orwell lived in India in his younger years, and later attended a preparatory boarding
school in 1911 on the Sussex Coast. Orwell did not come from a rich family but a hardworking
family. His mother was a French extraction in India and his father was a minor British official in the
Indian Civil Service. In preparatory school, Orwell was known to be a brilliant, poor student, and
was treated differently than the middle–class students. Growing up, he was shy and an ill–tempered
boy who told his stories through autobiographical essays and satire stories. In 1922, Orwell won two
scholarships to England 's leading schools, Winchester and Eton. He chose to attend Eton, and once
graduated, he decided to follow his family's hardworking tradition. Parallel to his father, Orwell
moved to Burma and became an Assistant District Superintendent in the Indian Imperial Police.
From boyhood, he always wanted to become a writer, and with realization of the forced British
Imperial Political System amongst the Burmese people he felt ashamed of his position; therefore,
Orwell expressed his memories and reactions of imperial rule in his novel Burmese Days and
autobiographical essays, "A Hanging" and "Shooting an Elephant," all classics of metrical exposer.
In 1927, Orwell decided not

There Was Not Just A Single Revolution?
There was not just a single revolution in Russia. The Russian revolutions occurred in 1905 and 1971
and they had different causes. Ascher (1988) states that before the revolution that occurred in 1905,
a war emerged that contributed to poor and harsh living conditions. In addition, a massacre also
erupted which led to many deaths and rebellions. On the other hand, economic crisis, and poor
governance may also be cited as the root causes of revolution. The Russian revolutions had different
causes for except two. Two issues emerged before the revolutions that caused them. The main issues
that emerged comprised of discontent peasants and the authoritative ruler Tsar Nicholas 2.
According to (Ascher, 1988) in the early 1900s, approximately 90% of the population, in Russia,
lived under a peasant life style. They were considered as country people who depended mostly on
agrarian economy. The peasants were given a common terminology, serfs and, they worked as slaves
to the landowners. However, as the population increased, the demand for land increased, and there
was less land for farming activities, and settlement. The author believes that the slaves or peasants
found it harder to provide for their households, hence, they to make redemption transactions for the
land they never owned (Ascher, 1988). During this era, there was approximately 50% of infant
mortality, and life expectancy was reduced to 50 years. Other effects included malnutrition and
disease outbreaks. These were

Essay on Russian Revolution
During the 1900's the Russian Government made it extremely hard for the Bolsheviks to progress
which made them revolt against the government making this a prime matter for the start of the
Revolution. The Czarist government was ostracized by the common people of Russia so Tsar
Nicholas II was overthrown by the Provisional Government, whom later on were overthrown by
Lenin and shortly after the Bolsheviks took control over Russia. Russia was hard to develop because
of the major leaders who had control; Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky. Almost overnight an entire society was
destroyed and replaced with one of the most radical social experiments ever seen. Poverty, crime,
privileged and class–divisions were to be eliminated, a new era of socialism ... Show more content
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The privileged nobles, who possessed land and serfs, supported his autocratic rule. The main theme
of the Russian history in the 19th century is that the non–nobles who detested the Czarist
government asked for an improvement in their disconsolate and deprived life. When the Czarist
government ignored this matter they revolted for the first time in 1905 and than for the second time
in 1917 by which the Czarist government was finally overthrown. Hungry strikers on March 8, 1917
mobbed the streets of Petrograd, their demand was bread. In order to appease the misery of his
people Czar Nicholas II resigned his throne to his brother, Michael. His brother knew that everyone
hated Czardom so he rejected the throne on March 15. The Provisional Government than took over
and Czardom after ruling Russia for three centuries came to an end.
Provisional Government vs. Bolshevik Party It appeared that Russia was finally headed to the right
path when Czar Nicholas II relinquished his thrown in March of 1917. The provisional government
who took control tried to create a western style society. Nevertheless, this government led by
Alexander Kerensky lasted for only seven months, by which at the end Lenin and the communist
Bolsheviks seized power over Russia. When the peasants claimed land from the government the
government refused which made the Bolsheviks extremely mad making them riot against the
government. The Provisional Government lost to the

Assasination of Leon Trotsky
The Assassination of Leon Trotsky
During the power struggle in Russia, an escaped prisoner of the name Lev Bronstein, was murdered
on August 20th, 1940 by Ramon Mercader. Bronstein was a Russian marxist who went against
Stalin's beliefs. He was forced to leave the country by Stalin's wishes. However, before he left he
accomplished many things such as helping the Bolsheviks into power and creating the South
Russian Workers Union.
Lev Bronstein was born on November 8th, 1879 and grew up in a small town in Yanovka, present
day Ukraine. He was the 5th child of a well off Jewish farmer. When Bronstein was 9, he was sent to
finish his schooling in Nikolayev. As a teenager he was very interested in socialism and helped
create the South Russia Worker's Union. He was later arrested along with 200 other union workers
and was sent to jail for four years. While he was in prison, he married a woman named Aleksandra
Soklovskaya and together they had two daughters . He abandoned his wife and kids. He then
escaped prison, obtained a forged passport and changed his name to Leon Trotsky.
He then moved to London, England where he joined with Lenin and his group of Russian Social
Democrats. He began working on a revolutionary newspaper called Iskra. That same year, he met a
woman named Natalia Sedova. They married and had two sons together. Later, while Russia was in
the middle of a revolution, Trotsky escaped into the capital of Russia and became a spokesperson for
the city

Soviet Family Code and Women
Reproductive rights and daycare became capital in soviet society as more and more women were
entering the workforce and receiving an education. The direct influence of the early Soviet Rule on
women's employment was modest as the foundations for the professionalization of women had been
laid on decades before the October 1917 Revolution. Furthermore, the two World Wars greatly
impacted women employment by opening up new fields for them.
The Industrial Revolution of the end of the nineteenth century marked the first massive entry of
women in the industrial workforce. Indeed, they provided "an inexpensive supply of unskilled
labor" (Lapidus 1978). Women primarily worked in the industry, with an emphasis on textile and
garments which were respectively 68% and 80% women dominated fields in 1932, (Heitlinger
1979). Women also represented the majority of "education, sciences and scientifical services"
employees, representing between 54% and 58% of the labor force between 1929 and 1940 (Sacks
1977). World War I by draining young able–bodied men emptied factories and gave the opportunity
to women to access male dominated fields ("from 26.6 percent of the workforce in 1914, the
proportion of women in the industry as a whole rose to 43.2% by 1917" (Engel 2004)).
The predominance of women in education can be explained by the dramatic increase of access to
education for women between the end of the nineteenth century and 1917. Before the Revolution,
education was gender segregated.

Russia, The, And Territorial Expanse Of Russia
The youth, the multiethnic characteristics, and territorial expanse of Russia all make the country an
outlier when compared to other countries. Though independent since 1991, Russia has deep
historical roots that trace back to Imperial Russia. From Genghis Khan's great conquers in the
thirteenth century (Marks 2009, 36), to the first free presidential elections in the Russian
Republic(Marks 2009, 78)–and everything in between, Russia remains a rollercoaster in the modern
day. In the manifestation of modern Russia the privileged and corrupt elites, along with the
oppressed and disregarded masses greatly influenced the political developments. Peter the Great
attempted to Europeanize Russia between 1682–1725 (Marks 2009, 42). Restricting the wealthier
class, he demanded the rich to wear westernized clothes, noblemen to shave their beards and send
their children to school. However, Peter the Great remained selective in what aspects of the western
society he wanted to bring to Russia. Rather than introducing the parliamentary system to Russia,
Peter held on tightly to his role as an emperor. The oppression and forced rules and regulations
imposed on the wealthier class created a resentment among the traditionalist to which Peter
controlled by enforcing police surveillance (Marks 2009, 43). Peter's first attempt to modernize state
administration by creating various political institutions led to an infestation of corruption within the
political system. Enraged by the corruption,

The Russian Revolution And The Russo-Japanese War
The Russian Revolution was one of the most dramatic governmental shifts in European history.
Before the Russian Revolution, Russia was an Autocracy. Tsar Nicholas II had succeeded Tsar
Alexander III, his father, on May 26, 1896. However, Nicholas II's rule took a turn for the worst
rather quickly. After the Russian people lost faith in the tsar, they began to form strikes and riots.
The Russian Revolution had effected World War I, caused the Russian Civil War, brought Russia a
new way of thinking, and shaped Russia's involvement in World War II. The Russian Revolution
was a result of many underlying factors. One of the many factors was the Russo–Japanese War. The
Russo–Japanese War is a "military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its
expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a
European power" ("Russo–Japanese War" 1). After Russia lost the Russo–Japanese War, Russia
understood how ineffective their military was. The military was heavily undersupplied and
undertrained. Russia also faced rising prices and shortages on bread. Peasants began to riot and
strike against Tsar Nicholas II when they felt that he was not trying to fix Russia's problems. The
Russian Revolution of 1905 marked the end of the autocracy. The Russian Revolution of 1905
began in St. Petersburg on January 22, 1905, also known as Bloody Sunday. Father Georgii Gapon
led steel workers on a strike to St. Petersburg, for better

How Did Lenin Come To Power
Lenin thought the idea of a revolution, and the planning of it was effortless and simple to carry on.
He believed the attack had to be made in three key places, including Petrograd, Moscow and Baltic
Fleet. He believed the Petrograd soldiers were able to obtain the Winter Palace, the General Staff
Building and other important buildings adding that this would cause Alexander Kerensky to
surrender. Notwithstanding, the Bolshevik Central Committee did not accept his ideas, leading to an
ultimatum sent by Lenin, in which he resigned to the Committee, and stated that he would have the
right to issue propaganda to those other members of the party.
Many members from the Committee, stated that Lenin's plan, that was focused to be executed before
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He left Trotsky in charge of planning the event, and he became the main leader of the Bolsheviks,
the communist party he founded. In an attempt to bring the government down,in November 6th the
Red Guards, first took main points in the city of Petrograd . Not many people were killed in the
process. In November 8, the soldiers decided to take the Winter Palace. Here the Provisional
Government surrendered and were captured and arrested.Lenin then gave a speech, revealing his
own self and announcing that the government he was creating.
On November 7th the Red Guards continued on taking important buildings in Petrograd that
included the telephone and telegram buildings, as well as the power buildings. Then, they decided to
get to the Winter Palace, the place where the provisional Government met and the old home of the
czar. Nevertheless, the Palace was left in charge of the Women's Battalion. The sign received by the
Red Guards to attack the Palace was a shell fired a naval ship named "Aurora". The taking over did
not last, even though there were 1000 rooms in the place and caused the government to surrender

Compare And Contrast Animal Farm And The Russian Revolution
Many of the characters and events of Orwell's novel are parallel those of the Russian Revolution: In
short, Manor Farm is a model of Russia, and old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon represent the
dominant figures of the Russian Revolution. They were very violent and just wanted to push it off
like nothing happened. One of Orwell's goals in writing Animal Farm was to illustrate the Russian
Revolution of 1917 as one that resulted in a government more oppressive, totalitarian, and deadly.
Mr. Jones is modeled on Tsar Nicholas II, the last Russian emperor. His rule was marked by his
insistence that he was the uncontested ruler of the nation. "During his reign, the Russian people
experienced terrible poverty and upheaval, marked by the Bloody Sunday ... Show more content on
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N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2016. Lenin was responsible for changing Russia into the U.S.S.R., as old
Major is responsible for transforming Manor Farm into Animal Farm. The U.S.S.R.'s flag depicted a
hammer and sickle the tools of the rebelling workers, so the flag of Animal Farm features a horn and

Catherine the Great Essay
Catherine the Great
BORN: May 2, 1729 in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland)
DIED: November 6, 1796 near Saint Petersburg, Russia
[IMAGE]
A Russian Empress for thirty–four years,
during which Russia became a world super–power.
When Catherine II, seized the Russian throne from her less–than–perfect husband, Peter III, she had
absolutely no right to it! She wasn't even born a Russian, nor was her name Catherine at first. In
fact, her birth name was Sophia Augusta Fredericka of Anhalt–Zerbst.
She was a German princess, who was ignored by her parents as a child for being a girl. That is why
her French governess, Mme Babet Cardel, covered the task of raising Catherine ... Show more
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After the empress died, Peter became emperor of Russia, but was losing popularity with Russia's
people, nobles and peasants alike. He would wear a Prussian army uniform, and order his regiments
to do the same.
So it was no surprise to anyone that six months into his reign, Peter was overthrown, and with the
help of the Imperial Guard, Catherine was crowned empress of all Russia. Everyone pledged his or
her allegiance to Catherine, who was a much better ruler than the weak and incompetent Peter.
Catherine let Peter live, but six days later, he was found murdered. It was an accident, but many
people believed that Catherine had personally ordered for Peter's death. With Peter dead, Catherine
set out to start her job as empress, and improve her new country.
First, she set up a new government by revoking almost all of Peter's acts. She based Russia's
government on European principals, and wrote the guidelines for a new code of laws, which she felt
was long overdue. The first law that she made was to make sure that nobody else would ever share
her title, for she believed in having one ruler who had absolute power over his or her country. Many

more laws were yet to come. This new code of laws was what made Catherine known as an
enlightened and modern ruler.
During her reign, smallpox

Cynthia Whittaker's The Reforming Tsar
In The Reforming Tsar: The Redefinition of Autocratic Duty in Eighteenth  Century Russia,
Cynthia Whittaker argues that depending on the historical, cultural and contextual period, there can
be demarcated two types, both distinctive and contrasting, of Russian sovereigns, namely the "good
tsar" and the "reforming tsar". The scholar juxtaposes the two models of monarchs against the
backdrop of "medieval" versus "modern" type of governance. According to it the "good tsar"
typology, which is typical for the earlier Muscovy realm, defines the ruler as pious and inert,
characterized by its liturgical form and static nature of the rule. The "good tsar" is bound to uphold
Orthodoxy, preserve and control public order, help the poor and the underdogs ... Show more
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Nevertheless, despite the fact that I do not oppose to this assumption, I suggest that my analysis on
the changing nature of the Russian monarchs starts with a discussion of the rule of Ivan III, whose
image embodies some degree of ambivalence, before analyzing the two most illustrious examples of
"reforming" monarchs in the Russian history, namely Peter the Great and Ekaterina the Great and
elaborate on the reasons what impeded their successors from continuing the policy orientation of
their predecessors, and became even more inert. Therefore, the subsequent section of the paper will
first explore a couple of examples among the predecessors of Peter the Great, who in my view,
albeit not being explicitly labeled as "reforming tsars", undoubtedly have demonstrated some of the
vital for a progressive ruler characteristics, then it will examine the two most notable examples of
visionary sovereigns in the Russian history, before concluding and briefly elaborating on the present
state of

Animal Farm By George Orwell
Individual rights
Sometimes taking control can corrupt people and make them do selfish acts or make decisions the
people don't want. It might even bring about an argument or revolt from someone or a crowd.
Whatever the case, it is never good to be possessive or something or someone when they want to
make their own choices and decisions because they have the right to. An example of a story that
shows how power can corrupt people is Animal Farm by George Orwell. He uses the character from
the story to symbolize the historical figures from the Russian Revolution. This Revolution had two
separate events called the February and October Revolution. In the February revolution, Tsar
Nicholas II was removed from power after being selfish and greedy leader to his citizens. The
October revolution, however was a much more different event and was led by the Bolsheviks realize
who began building support within petrograd and other Urban centers. After, the Bolsheviks realize
they couldn't maintain too much power and abandoned the democratic process, they declared
themselves representatives of a dictatorship of the proletariat. Based on the use of symbolism and
characterization in Animal Farm, Orwell argues that in society, people should stand up for their own
rights and protect themselves from leaders who think have more power or control than them.
By using symbolism to compare the historical figures from the russian revolution to the animals in
animal farm, Orwell contends that in

Essay on Russian Composers
Russian composers are often mentioned in history as the most influential in the world. With style
unlike any other, Russians are able to capture mood through a unique ability to capture exactly what
they feel. Exactly how the Russians are able to do this is unknown, though through this, the greatest
composers have turned out to be Russian. Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff and Shostakovich are all able
to write and portray the most detailed feelings and moods, and it is to them that we owe the
advancement of all music.
Tchaikovsky is one of the most beloved composers in history. An inspired craftsman of melody,
orchestration and tonal color, he wrote in an astonishing variety of musical forms, from symphonies
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the same time, he was coming into his own as a composer, writing his Fourth Symphony (1877)
and other works. He also was starting to experience chronic depression. Many music historians say
this was in response to hiding his homosexuality, while others point to a clinical conditional
condition which was only exacerbated by his chaotic personal life (Sadie, 94).
He wrote the magnificent Violin concerto in D in 1878, and endured its rejection by Leopold Auer,
who deemed the work unplayable and followed with the Symphony No 6 and other legendary works
(Mason, 70). Throughout the 1880s, his fame spread to Europe and America, and his financial
position improved. In 1889 Madame von Meck suddenly, for unknown reasons, cut off her financial
support, a blow from which Tchaikovsky never recovered (Mason, 70).
In the same year he saw the premiere of Sleeping Beauty, a work which brought even higher acclaim
to the now famous composer (Sadie, 94).
In 1891 to 1892 he toured Europe and the United States, conducting concerts of his music and
winning praises from the public as well as the critics (Mason, 70). Never a robust person, in constant
strain from mental and physical disorders, Tchaikovsky died in 1893 under mysterious
circumstances. Some believe he contracted cholera during a trip to St. Petersburg, while others
believe he committed suicide or was

The World And Expanse Of Time
Throughout the semester, evaluating different eras and event across the world and expanse of time,
we have studied how individual players and their actions contribute to our understanding of history
itself. Many of our readings were historical accounts centralized on the lives of single players, and
these players' roles in greater historical events.
The outbreak and entirety of WWI, serves as an example of how many individual players, and their
actions, contributed to the overall outcome of an all–out war. In class, we discussed how there were
a number of major players whom helped contribute to the outbreak and subsequent events of WW1.
One of the key actors we examined, was the Emperor to Russia at the time, Nicholas II, and the
qualities attributed to him as an individual. These are the qualities which may have not only led to
Russia's involvement in WWI, but also can be attributed to Russia's loss in Russo–Japanese War,
further destabilization of Russia's central government under Nicholas II, and ultimately the collapse
of the Russian Monarchy, all culminating in the 1917 Russian Revolution.
Nicholas II was the first–born child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia, and being so, his
upbringing was a rather quite and isolated, though he maintained a close relationship with both his
father and mother. In 1881, Alexander II, Nicholas' grandfather (and Emperor at the time) was
assassinated by revolutionaries, quickly making Nicholas heir apparent at the age of thirteen.
Though

City of Thieves by David Bienoff
City of Thieves starts off with Lev Beniov sitting atop his roof, on a firefighting detail, under the
German siege of Leningrad in Kirov, Russia. As he sits on top of his building's roof with his friends
Vera Osiponva, and the Antokolsky twins they listen to anti–aircraft fire, and they see a paratrooper
falling to the ground. The group hops the Kirov gate, and runs towards the paratrooper's landing
sight, realizing he is drifting to the ground dead. They began looting his body, and as Lev got a
German knife from the man, the GAZ turned on Voinova Street, and they had to run. While running
back to Kirov, Vera slipped, and Lev had to go and get her. As he helped her over the fence, the
GAZ grabbed him. Since it was after curfew, he believed execution was inevitable. He was taken to
"Piter"'s prison called the Crosses with no light or sound. Soon, a Russian officer named Kolya was
thrown in the cell with him. In the morning, the two prisoners were taken to a mansion with NKVD
officers in it. The Colonel had a mission for the prisoners. He took their ration cards, and told Kolya
and Lev they had until Thursday to get one dozen eggs. On that Saturday morning, Kolya and Lev
had left their lives on the line for a dozen eggs. The middle of this novel begins when Kolya tells
Lev that they should try looking in the Haymarket for any eggs. They searched through the
Haymarket, and they find nothing. As they reach the end of their search, a boy tells them of a man
who keeps a coop of

Jesuit College Preparatory School. . Hot Spot: Bolshevik
JESUIT COLLEGE PREPARATORY SCHOOL
HOT SPOT: Bolshevik Revolution and Taliban in Afghanistan
A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO MR. TRIPLETT
SOCIAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT
BY
Maxwell Abmas
DALLAS, TEXAS
MAY 12, 2017
The Islamic fundamentalist group known as the Taliban continues to act as a dominant group in
Afghanistan even 14 years after the invasion by the US. The Taliban ruled Afghanistan from 1996
until 2001 when an invasion led by the US collapsed the regime due to the Taliban providing
security to al–Qaeda and Osama bin Laden, the founder of the al–Qaeda, which was the organization
responsible for 9/11. As the war in Afghanistan continues today, the conflict continues to grow from
bad to worse, as the Taliban control the most ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This caused for troops to be sent to Petrograd, which backfired because the troops joined the
revolutionaries in overthrowing the government. The October Revolution began November 6, 1917
when revolutionaries launched a coup d'état, which is an overthrow of the government by the
military, against the provisional government. This event led to Lenin becoming head of the
government. The revolutionaries were able to overthrow the government and bring Lenin into office
accomplishing their goal, and with this new government, the people were given more power, which
is what they were seeking along with the new government. The Taliban was able to take over
Afghanistan when it captured the capital of Kabul and established there an Islamic state in 1996.
The Taliban was mainly recognized by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia because of the relationships they
possessed. The Taliban wanted to spread their Islamic religion throughout Afghanistan. The Taliban
regime was able to spread and control 90% of the land on Afghanistan until 2001 when it was
overthrown. Many forces that are against the Taliban have tried to take them out but have been
unsuccessful. Just as the Bolshevik Revolution was successful, the Taliban was as well.
Both the Bolshevik Revolution and the Taliban had exterior elements play a part such as World War
I for the Bolshevik Revolution and minority groups opposing

The Russian Revolution of 1917 brought with it the fall of 300 years of Romanov rule and marked
the beginning of the transition of Tsarism to Communism, from which Lenin established the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, succeeded by Stalin. The Revolution is worthy of investigation as it is
arguably the most significant event of the 20th century, considering that it helped shape many other
subsequent events such as the Second World War and the Cold War. The Bolsheviks' triumph can be
accounted to two reasons: the first being the weaknesses of autocracy leading to the fall of Tsarism;
the second the relative strengths of the Bolsheviks compared to the downfalls of the Provisional
Government, leading to the Bolshevik takeover. There were many reasons for the fall of Tsarism,
such as the backwardness of Russian society, the failure of the Tsar personally, and the autocratic
system of government which caused grievances amongst the people. The Russian public desired
political change, whether towards a more democratic society like 20th century Britain, or towards a
more socialist revolution in which power was returned to the people. When assessing the reasons as
to why Tsarism collapsed, it is crucial to look at the setting of early 19th century Russia, which
inevitably led to the Tsar's weaknesses in his control of the government.
Russia at this time was a backwards and provincial society: encompassing a vast expanse of
territory, the towns were underdeveloped and the

A Look Into The Window Of The West
A Look into the Window of the West
Before the reign of Czar Peter the Great (1682–1725), Russia, had hardly ever been regarded as a
part of Europe. Peter's supremacy consequently manifested itself to catalyze an era of successful
Westernization for St. Petersburg and Russia as a whole. His main goal being to "civilize" the
country was accomplished through extensive changes in both political agendas, as well as cultural
ones. Even after Peter passed away in 1925, the city continued to westernize, attracting travelers
from all over the European community. One of these travelers was Sir Francis Dashwood.
Dashwood was an English politician and Chancellor of the Exchequer, a British Cabinet level
position that appointed him as head of Her Majesty 's Treasury. Travelling to St. Petersburg on his
Grand Tour in 1733, Dashwood was fascinated by daily life in Russia and decided to write a diary to
document this fascination. In his diary, he examined refinements to Russo culture, architecture and
government through a series of detailed excerpts outlining what he observed on a daily basis in St.
Petersburg. Dashwood's diary is exceptionally unique in that there had never before been an account
of St. Petersburg during the 1930's (in English) of St. Petersburg on paper. This meant that when the
diary would eventually be published in 1959, it would open a myriad of information to the public,
specifically the aristocrats of Western Europe, about St. Petersburg and Russia's Westernization

Julius Caesar And The Russian Revolution
For the longest time I have been obsessed with the murders of the Romanov family. These murders
took place during a time when Russia was struggling for power. It all started with the different
Revolutions that took place. In this essay I will explain the causes of the multiple revolutions and I
will also share the effects that the revolutions had. My main focus is to talk about the October
revolution which has one of the major events that led to the execution of the royal family. I will also
compare and contrast these events to the events that happened in the Shakespearian story Julius
Caesar. In the light of the Russian struggle there was a Revolution called the February Revolution
which came before the October revolution and dethroned Czar Nicholas II. ("1917 Russian
Revolution Facts and Summary")The end result of this revolution was the birth of the Provisional
Government which was made up of high class Russians. The October Revolution is also known by
two other names: Russian Revolution and Bolshevik Revolution which occurred in November of
1917. This date might catch some off guard, but according to ("Russian Revolution") the Russians
used a Julian Calendar which means in Russia it was "October". The Revolution was led by
Vladimir Lenin, who was the leader of the Bolshevik party at the time. The reason for both of the
Revolutions is that the people felt that they should not be involved in World War I while Russia was
struggling to survive. The Bolshevik party was made

Catherine The Great 's Reign
Catherine the Great is recognised world–wide as one of the most prominent and successful historical
rulers of Russia. Catherine ll, Empress of Russia, is remembered in the majority, as an incredible
leader of her time; with full entitlement of the title "The Great". The term or title of "The Great" was
given to rulers of the past by themselves or their countrymen, due to significant achievements or
victories during their time of reign. The term Great has multiple meanings but in regards to
leadership it means eminent, distinguished, a great leader to an extreme or notable degree .
Catherine the Great's reign saw her as one of the longest serving leaders, extending from 1762
to1796. With the title of Russian Empress, Catherine ll ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Upon her arrival Catherine rapidly consumed the Russian culture, mastering the customs and the
history of the empire. Empress Elizabeth 's death in December 25, 1761, saw Catherine 's husband
ascend the throne and named Peter III. After only six months, Peter was overthrown in a coup
allegedly orchestrated by Catherine. The exact role Catherine played in her husband 's death has
been widely debated. Early in her reign as attempt to be acknowledged favourably she returned the
church 's land and property. It is believed that Catherine even styled herself after her hero the
beloved ruler Peter the Great, claiming that she was following in his footsteps.
In 1762 Russia presented immediate concerns to Catherine the Great, with her nation being viewed
as backward and provincial by many in Europe. She set out to alter this negative outlook with
progression in the areas of education and the arts. The Smolny Convert was established under
Catherine the Great as a boarding school to educate young ladies; very proud of this achievement
she exchanged letters with French writer Voltaire '... These young ladies I confess far surpass our
expectations. They make astonishing progress...' . After the positive outcomes of her school,
Catherine the Great called for free schools to be created in towns across Russia. A lover of reading
and writing, Catherine was especially fond of the philosophers and

Good Readers And Good Writers By Vladimir Nabokov
A quick summary of both articles we will be discussing today on The Morning Show. The article,
Good Readers and Good Writers by Vladimir Nabokov is basing itself on how good readers and
good writers get good to begin with. Mr Nabokov explains that the author must be able to create
something different and unique to "sent planet spinnings" in order to produce a successful book.
While on the other hand to make yourself a good reader you must read a book with a fresh mindset
as if you don't know what 's to come, go in there expecting to learn something new and do not ruin
the thrill of it. Now onto John Holt's "How Teachers Make Children Hate Reading". This is Mr. Holt
realizing that he needs to change up his methods of teaching and all it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When reading a book there's a special order that we like to follow. We see it manually from left to
right, but that 's not the same case when looking at a picture we tend to open up our eyes and look at
it at every angle. Once you've reread a book you'll start seeing it as a painting instead of a regular
book. Once you've cracked open the case, now the reader can enter the game. And that's when the
magic begins and people start praising the book and actually appreciate it. The attitude you bring
into a book is fairly important when reading it. That is a very clever way of seeing what the meaning
of reading is. However, when we come back, we will see how Mr. Holt defines reading based on his
own experiences and work he has done. (commercial break) We are back! This morning we have
been analyzing what reading is and hearing who is Mr. Nabokov and how he defines the meaning of
reading. John Holt is here to bring in his own take of the topic and later they will go on head to head
and see what solution they can agree with. C'mon out Mr Holt, time to discuss this topic we've been
going on and off about. First of all how are you? Long time no see. Tell the viewers a bit about
yourself. Hello, I'm fine. My name is John Holt I'm best known for "How Teachers Make Children
Hate Reading". Although, I have written several books hoping to influence individuals and
organizations through reading. Speaking about reading,

Speak, Memory by Vladamir Nabokov
To some degree, every artist creates his or her own artistic life preserver, and in doing so
resequences and conserves their own artistic DNA so that it may be transferred onto another
generation. Vladimir Nabokov's memoir Speak, Memory, is not only that preserver, but the tug boat
that it holds onto, heavy and cramped with the memories and history that Nabokov retells his
readers against the currents of time. Speak, Memory operates thematically, not chronologically.
Nabokov returns anew to his early childhood and pulls in, as it were, the memories associated with
certain themes. Then he turns, changes directions, and sets off again. One such theme that resonates
throughout the novel is that of exile and deteterritorialization, both ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(79)" Even early on in his childhood, Nobokov found those "comfortable products of Anglo–Saxon
civilization" as nothing more than useful necessities. The extinct "tradition learning" that is taken on
by him is private multilingual tutorship, even if now it seems like a very pluralistic one as it
included both Russian, English and French–at the same time. It is this because of this multilingual
education that Nabokov encounters less wonder in terms of cultural conflicts that usually plights
other exiles. Nabokov's traditional aristocratic background accentuates many of his experiences
abroad, he internalizes spiritual deteterritorialization and finds enjoyment within it. But it is also this
spiritual deterritorialization that follows Nabokov throughout his life that makes his account of his
life seem more artistic and disconnected, even if there is a profound emotional impact on the reader
in the end. While some moments in his life might evoke sympathy, like his retelling of his father's
death, or make readers to take a side, such as the incident with Nesbit during his time in Cambridge,
Nabokov keeps the reader at a distance by concealing his feelings in rhetoric. An example of this is
the "short biography" (173) of his father. Using vivid details to describe his father, one can feel the
spiritual resonance the experience had on Nabokov. "And behind it all there was yet a very special
emotional abyss that I was

Rise and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty
The Romanov Dynasty held the Russian Empire as one of the most powerful European states for
over three centuries. In 1917, during Nicholas II's contradictory reign, a revolution began that
transformed the empire into the first ever communist nation, replacing the infamous autocratic rule
and introducing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The Russian people were ruled by an autocratic government since 1613 when the Romanov Dynasty
began. The government was run by the Tsar who had unlimited power over the rest of Russia. The
Tsar set up a system of government involving an imperial council, a small cabinet of ministers and a
senate; all of which were implemented as personal advisers and delegates. The Tsar had control over
who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By 1916, dissatisfaction within Russian monarch had reached boiling point. Rasputin was murdered
by the Tsar's own cousins and the majority of the parliament and upper classes 'were no longer
willing to meet expectations of loyalty, respect and patriotism.'
Even though the Russian Revolution transpired quite suddenly, the foundations of it may have
started centuries earlier. Since the 1700s, the ideas of European regime had begun to influence the
minds of Russian citizens. Lower classes began to believe in democratic rights and equality,
newspapers and books spread concepts about universal rights and many believed in a future with a
just ruler and a more cultured society.
From the 1800s, the Russian monarchy gradually became weaker and increasingly fragile. After the
death of Alexander I in 1825, a group of Decembrists made up of thousands of soldiers seized
advantage of a succession issue and demanded reforms plus a written constitution. This displayed a
hint of light and prompted many to rethink the government system and their place within the
hierarchy. Then after the death of Nicholas I in 1855, Alexander II rose to power and was referred to
as the 'great liberator' after emancipating the Russian serfs in 1861. While the act earned Alexander
public affection and respect, it angered landowners, created an economic crisis and also

The Revolution Of The 1905 Revolution Essay
This along with his eagerness to arrest, imprison, exile, and hang his opponents only further divided
the tsar from the working class, earning him the nickname "Nicholas the Bloody" (Khrustalev and
M. Steinberg 25). The Russian people no longer felt safe under the tsar's rule. With more instances
of brutality accumulating on top of one another, the 1905 Revolution was inevitable.
Albeit the violent suppression of the 1905 Revolution, in the end it was regarded by revolutionaries
as semi–successful. Nicholas II agreed to the institution of the State Duma, a limited form of
representative democracy, citing it as "the revival of a custom and as a means to better hear the
voice of the Russian people." (Khrustalev and M. Steinberg 19). Although the Duma allowed for
slightly more political involvement by the people, the tsar remained the supreme autocrat
(Chamberlin). Nicholas II's rule continued, albeit much shakier than before. He decided to convene
the Duma four times altogether, each time experiencing conflict stemming from their calls for liberal
reform and Nicholas's refusal to compromise (Chamberlin). In the wake of the 1905 Revolution,
Nicholas II was committed to the ideal that traditionally conservative values and structures were
necessary for Russia's survival, and that failure to maintain these policies would be the cause of the
decline of Russia sovereignty (Khrustalev and Steinberg 5). Nicholas's conservative response to the
revolution was misguided, completely

Power Struggle of Russia
After WW1, There was a power struggle for the leader of Russia. High level government workers
Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky fought for the throne after the untimely death of Vladimir Lenin.
1Joseph Stalin was born on December 18, 1878. His given name is Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili
or Ио́сиф Виссарио́нович Ста́лин in Russian. He was born in what would now be Georgia in a
place called Gori, Tiflis Governerate, Russian Empire. Stalin's family lived in poverty all throughout
his childhood. His father worked as a cobbler mending shoes and his mother was a maid. He was
very violent towards his son and was an avid alcoholic. The family's home was a small shack off of
a dirt road. They had a serious problem with the home constantly being wet with sewage. Stalin had
many issues with disease as a child. First he caught smallpox at the age of seven. As a result of the
smallpox, scars were left on his face. This would become an area of embarrassment for Stalin
throughout his childhood. Stalin also caught blood poisoning as a child. This was a result of one of
the brutal beatings his father gave him while drunk. Because of this one of his arms became
deformed and stopped growing causing him to lose use of the hand. Because of the intense beatings
Stalins father gave him, he began to hate him. One Stalin became old enough he tried to fight back
so his father would not beat his mother. Stalin received education at his local church school because
of Czar Alexander III's educational

Summary Of The Baron's Cloak
The Baron's Cloak starts out with what seems like a biography of the baron. The author, Sunderland,
explains the life of Baron Roman von Ungern – Sternberg. Sternberg was a Baltic German aristocrat
who was born in Graz. He served as a tsarist military officer who had fought against the Bolsheviks
in the Russian Civil War. Eventually, the baron became ruler of Mongolia (for only a short while). In
the first line of Sunderland's book, we are presented with a future "end" to the baron's life.
"On either September 15 or 16, 1921, Ungern took off his cloak. Or perhaps someone took it from
him. Shortly after that, he was shot."
Sunderland uses the baron as a lens through the Russian Empire and imperialism.
We are told that the cloak is actually referred to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Sunderland, Ungern was European, Asian, German, Russian, and Eurasian.
Essentially, the baron wanted to restore the Russian and Chinese Empires. Throughout Sunderland's
writing, we are exposed to the three doomed empires: the Habsburg, the Ottoman, and the Qing.
During the course of The Baron's Cloak, Sunderland takes us through Russia's western borders and
St. Petersburg. He then takes us to the Far East side of the empire to Siberia and the eastern edges of
Mongolia and China. We are exposed to the often misunderstood politics of nationalism and
imperialism of Eurasia at this time of the 20th century. What is impressive about Sunderland's
writing is the fact that this book is essentially showing us a broad view of the Russian Empire and
only using one man to do this. I also noticed that if you were a noble at the time, there really wasn't
much of a limit.
Sunderland essentially recreates the story of imperial success and failure by telling it through
Ungern's life. The baron himself, is a walking contradiction. He simply reflects the potential, but
also, the limits of imperialism and the Russian

Animal Farm By George Orwell Essay
Animal Farm is of course, a satirical allegory, very specifically of the Russian Revolution and of
Stalin (Napoleon in the book), but more generally of revolution, the idealism of utopias, and the way
in which people take control of societies founded on principles of equality. It is a satirical allegory
of Soviet totalitarianism. Orwell based major events in the book on ones from the Soviet Union
during the Stalin era. Orwell, a democratic socialist, and a member of the Independent Labour Party
for many years, was a critic of Stalin, and was suspicious of Moscow–directed Stalinism after his
experiences in the Spanish Civil War. In Animal Farm George Orwell demonstrates the
psychological foundation of revolution, its processes and the irony of displacement of an oppressive
regime by the new revolutionary order. The revolution is hardly complete before differences appear
and so idealistic intentions are progressively undermined by the assumption of total authority by the
pigs. The pigs did not actually work but directed and supervised the others.
Orwell intended Animal Farm to be a strong condemnation of what he saw as the Stalinist
corruption of the original socialist ideals. He, in the two books, is obsessed with the idea of
revolution directly or indirectly. He described what gave him the idea of setting the book on a farm:
I saw a little boy, perhaps ten years old, driving a huge carthorse along a narrow path, whipping it
whenever it tried to turn. It struck me that if

The Russian Revolution of 1905 comes as the late tsarism period. Some of the major causes to the
Russian revolution were caused by long–term and short–term effects. Some of these major effects
were Russia 's rapid industrialization and modernization which had inherent problems. The rise of
capitalism led to an increase of inequality between the classes. In addition, the mistakes of the
Russo–Japanese war emerged upon the boundaries of the Russian political climate. These series of
revolutionary events led to the Tsar of Russia to issue the October Manifesto. In the October
Manifesto, the Tsar conceded powers including the creation of the Duma, which was a Russian
parliament. In this idea, the Duma could pass or reject all laws proposed by the Tsar. However, the
Tsar composed the right to remove and reestablish the Duma whenever he saw fit, which only
caused anger to the people as the years continued.
The 1905 Russian Revolution was caused by contributory factors such as the long–term and short–
term problems in Russia. Some long–term effects were the growth of the reformist groups like the
social democrats the social revolutionaries and other liberal groups that had formed around that
time. Another long–term effect was the instability of Russia– autocratic rule and repression which
were characterized in the reigns of Alexander the III and also in the reign of Nicholas II. However,
1905 is characterized by two primary short–term effects which is the development of the

The Bloody Sunday Massacre in 1905
Architectural buildings around the world make up one factor of the beauty and culture of each
country. The Winter Palace is an incredibly beautiful architectural building in St. Petersburg, Russia.
The Winter Palace consists of great importance politically, culturally, and symbolically in the city's
third century. In 1708, the Winter Palace was first built as a wooden house with a Dutch style to be
the Imperial residence of Peter the Great and his family. In 1711, the wood was replaced by a stone
building. However, in 1731 Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli was assigned to reconstruct the palace
into a much larger and newer design. The third reconstruction of the palace was completed in the
year of 1735. Nevertheless, it only lasted 17 years before Rastrelli was asked again to expand the
building even more. Two years later, he decided to completely rebuild the Winter Palace after the
confirmation of the empress. (saint–petersburg.com) Ratrelli's designs for the exterior were in a
Baroque style, which have remained the same till this day. (about–eastern–europe.com) The Winter
Palace takes over the Palace Square and the south embankment of the Neva River. (saint–
petersburg.com) In the center of the palace square, an erection of Alexander on a column is found.
The erection of Alexander was erected to honor the Russian victory over Napoleon in the 1812–
1814 war.(tristarmedia.com) The Winter Palace consists of an imperial eagle on the gate. (saint–
petersburg.com) This column

Causes And Effects Of The Russian Revolution
Monaco Pollock
Ms. Correa
English II Pre–AP Period 1
14 December 2016
Research Essay – Russian Revolution
According to Dictionary.com, "A revolution is an overthrow or repudiation and the thorough
replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed"
(Dictionary.com Staff). During the Russian Revolution, many of the citizens were left to starve and
were controlled by a corrupt government due to the poor leadership of Czar Nicholas II.The people
of Russia were greatly affected by the Revolution by this because it changed their everyday lives
forever. Poor leadership, scarcity of food, and corrupt governing can cause riots, rebellion and death
to the citizens of Russia. The Russian Revolution left a lasting effect on Europe and its people by
executing them and leaving them to starve because of the defective government and leadership that
Russia possessed.
The Russian Revolution left behind a long effect on Europe by Russian citizens losing faith in the
leadership of Czar Nicholas II because of the corruption that occurred to the Russian government.
According to History.com, "By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Czar
Nicholas II. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and
Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma, the Russian parliament established after the 1905
revolution, when it opposed his will" (History.com Staff).Russia suffered a great deal in terms of
their corrupt

Lenin's Role In The 1917 Revolution
History Coursework Plan Section I Introduction– Introduce Lenin and aims of the essay such as
giving a balanced view of Lenin's Legacy. Try to keep it short. Section II– Lenin's Role in the 1917
Revolution Points for Lenin The April Thesis– The April Thesis was a monumental step in Lenin's
step to revolution. The speech outlined the failures of the provisional Government. This helped
gained the sympathy of the general public of Russia and boosted support for the Bolsheviks. The
April thesis laid much of the ideological groundwork of the Bolsheviks when they had gained
power. The April Thesis had united key factions in the Provisional Government such as the Workers
and Soldiers. Without the April Theses, it is possible that the Russian Revolution would not happen
and Russia's power would still be kept under the hands of the Russian Oligarchs. This makes Lenin
significant to the 1917 revolution. (Refer to counterpoint) All Power to the Soviets– Lenin united his
strongest supporters by uniting the masses against the provisional government. Lenin understood
that he could orchestrate a new uprising in much the same way that the previous one had happened,
by initiating large street demonstrations. This was an extremely significant step to revolution as
without these demonstrations, he would not be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This made the provisional government itself extremely unpopular. They were unable to meet the
demands of the Workers, Peasants and Soldiers demands as they were too selfish and was unwilling
to work against their own Self–interest in the best interests of the country. This made them
extremely weak and anyone could have united the people against the provisional government.
Examples of failures include lack of distribution of food, land and not bringing peace. Points will be
further developed in

Siege Of Leningrad Research Paper
Siege of Leningrad & the Road of Life The siege of Leningrad or Saint Petersburg as it is known
today is the deadliest siege in World War II and modern world history lasting approximately 872
days from September 8th, 1941 to January 27th, 1944. Though the siege itself was ultimately
unsuccessful, the cost was paid in the sheer amount of lives lost to starvation and the urban
landscape utterly decimated by the Nazi bombardment and looting. Cut off from the rest of the
Soviet Union the death toll mounted, as those still among the living faced the ever–impossible task
of surviving as supplies became scarce and famine raged throughout the city. Survival depended
almost entirely on supplies brought across a dangerous route across ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Spanning about a hundred miles, the road meant that the Soviet leadership could send supplies to the
starving population and empower them to continue to resist. However, in spite of the hopeful name,
the "Road of Life" was very dangerous costing thousands to lose their lives transporting people and
goods across the lake. Trucks were bombed and shot at from German artillery and aircraft that the
hundred mile journey even more dangerous. This reputation was well known amongst Leningraders
as many decided "it was better to stay in Leningrad rather than run the gauntlet of the Doroga
Zhizni."(54, Clapperton). The road was a success however, taking about a million citizens across the
lake to safety while supplying the remaining citizens as best they could. A railway was constructed
to take people from Leningrad to the edge of Lake Ladoga where they transferred by sleighs and
trucks. These supply drops and evacuations proved invaluable to saving lives in Leningrad taking
place throughout winter before the lake thawed. The winter of 1941 was the most crucial period in
which the road operated but the road continued on until 1943 and the construction of the road of

Russia 1917, harsh working conditions, famine, and all power to one leader. Russia was living in
discord presumably through political oppression, furthermore, political oppression inspires violence
and terrorism. It affects daily residents because they're under control of whoever is in charge.
Terrorism tears people apart. The Russian Revolution in 1917 started because of the political
oppression and ended in a dictatorship because humans are power hungry. It also continues to leave
citizens with anxiety and stress and they can't trust any leaders. Political oppression affects daily
residents because we trust our will take care of us and when the leader is corrupt, people react with
violence and terrorism. When these things happen in extreme measures, it becomes utter chaos. But
political oppression can happen in the smallest ways. When I was in fifth grade. The teacher abused
her power by locking me in a room for 45 minutes and my classmates were very angry at this
injustice. To clarify this statement, I will explain furthermore. I was having conflict with another girl
in my grade, let 's call her Em. I had already went to my teacher and the principal of the school
about the issue because she would make fun of me and spread rumors. Em told the guidance
counselor her side of the story and when I was sent to resolve this issue, the counselor wouldn't
allow me to speak. In fact, she told me (I quote), "I don't like your character". Of course when you're
ten years old and

Critical Analysis Of Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 2

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