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12.3a Progress in urban adaptation - case of Poland
- 1. Urban Adaptation Plans for cities of more than 100,000 inhabitants in Poland (44MPA Project) Korea Global Adaptation Week NAP Expo 2019 Songdo, 8-12 April 2019
- 2. Prepared by the Department of Sustainable Development and International Cooperation Ministry of the Environment Republic of Poland Presented by: Tomasz Chruszczow High Level Climate Champion
- 3. Poland Population (2014): 38 484 000 Area: 312 679 km2 Density: 123 per km2
- 4. Climate change in Poland – observed trends • Increasing numer of extreme phenomena demonstrating a change in the dynamic of the Poland’s Climate ‐ intensification of drought, hurricane‐force winds, tornadoes and hail. • Heat waves with maximum daily air temperature ≥ 30 °C, the most common in the region of S‐W part of Poland and the least, in the coastal and mountains regions with the longest string of hot days lasting ≥ 17 days. • Downward trend in the number of cold and very cold days (with minimum temp. below ‐10 °C and days with maximum temperature below 10 °C). • Changes in precipitation • See level rise – 3mm/year over the last 20 years • Losses due to floods and droughts 2001‐2011 – approx. 14 bn US$. Without adaptation action may go up to 42 bn US$ in the years 2021‐2030. Source: https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/en/climate-change-in-poland/
- 5. Climate change in Poland – modelled scenarios • temperature increase across the country, esp. at the end of the century, increases in temperature are varied regionally and seasonally, the strongest in the last three decades of the 21st century – above 4.5 °C of the range of low temperatures in winter at the north ‐east of Poland and in the summer when high temperatures in the south ‐east of Poland; • the number of days with minimum temperature less than 0 °C is decreased and there is more days with maximum temperature higher than 25 °C. • the simulations show some increase in winter precipitation and reduction of summer precipitation at the end of the century. • upward trend in temperature changes, extended periods without rainfall, increased number of heavy rainfalls and shortening the period of snow cover.
- 6. Year 2010 Year 2012 Year 2013
- 7. City of Łódź (700 000+ inhabitants)
- 8. The stone palace decoration sank in a river mid XVIIc. 2015 Vistula river in Warsaw
- 9. August 2015May 2015 Climate change in Poland – 2015 severe drought
- 10. National Adaptation Strategy Developed to ensure a stable socio‐economic development, to address risks posed by climate change, and also with a view to benefit from the positive effect, which the adaptation actions may have on both the environment and the economic growth https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐content/uploads/2014/12/ENG_SPA2020_final.pdf
- 12. National Adaptation Strategy 2020 (NAS) execution phase preliminarily‐ analytical phase • Vulnerable sectors • Climate change scenarios • Goals and actions • actors responsible for implementation • indicators for monitoring and evaluation Costruction Water management Forestry Agriculture Tourism Energy Biodiversity Health Coastal zone Mountain areas Urban areas Transport
- 13. Mainstreaming adaptation in Poland • „soft coordination” of the adaptation policy from the State government level, • concrete actions (i.a. adaptation action plans / projects) at regional and local levels, • channels of communication and cooperation (i.a. ENEA ‐ European Network of Environmental Authorities), • introducing incentives to suport adaptation activities (system of State and regional funds, UE‐funded programmes).
- 14. Development of Urban Adaptation Plans for cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants in Poland General information about the project: • Start date: January 2017 • Completion date: First half of 2019 • Project Beneficiary: Ministry of the Environment • Project partners: 44 largest cities (except Warsaw preparing separate plan) • The project is co‐financed by the European Union from the Cohesion Fund under the Operational Program Infrastructure and Environment and the state budget of Poland. 14
- 15. Main Goals: • Determination of vulnerability of the largest cities to climate change • Planning for adaptation actions at the local level • Raising awareness of the need for adaptation to climate change at the local level 30% of Polish population live in the cities covered by the plans.
- 16. Single metodology 44 City Teams Expert Team for every city Planning tailored to the local needs: Analysis, Assessments, Revisions, Works Cooperation with the City Team at every stage of work on the project. 16 132 Workshops: I. Vulnerability assesment Sensitive areas Adaptation potential II. Risk analysis III. Consultations of the adaptation action options. Final list of adaptation options indicating the units responsible and timeline
- 19. Adaptation planning: Measures Info – Promo Measures building cooperation, education and information about threats, visualization of distribution and risk exposure, information on planned and undertaken adaptation activities, functioning monitoring and alerting systems as well as promotion of good practices Organizational measures forcing changes in spatial planning, organization of public space, changes in local law, creating guidelines for dealing with emergency situations, changes in approach to city components Technical Measures hard/investment measures that allow you to quickly achieve the effects of adapting the city to climate change
- 20. Adaptation criteria • Effectiveness • Reliability • Flexibility • Synergies Social and environmental • Side effects • Acceptability • Sustainable character Time • Time / period of implementation • The deadline for achieving results Economic • Costs • Benefits Criteria
- 21. Construction and development of a blue and green infrastructure system 29 cities Development of flood protection infrastructure 23 cities Modernization of the sanitary and rainwater sewage system 20 cities Thermomodernization of buildings 18 cities Expansion of the heating network 13 cities Developed activities ‐ investment
- 22. Strengthening emergency services and Emergency Management units 18 cities Construction of a system of solutions to ensure thermal comfort for residents 17 cities Incorporating of adaptation goals and climate change into strategic and planning documents 14 cities Adaptation of the public transport system to climate change 14 cities Increase of the biologically active areas 13 cities Developed activities ‐ organizational
- 23. Economic benefits (…): Reducing the costs of damage or loss; Effective spending of funds; Investment profitability; The possibility of co‐financing adaptation activities. EU CCA Strategy: „1 euro invested in CCA saves 4 euro spent on repairing damage” (…) and more: Blue‐green infrastructure development; Improving infrastructure management; Improving water management; Improving cooperation between cities; Building resilience of soiety and economy Climate change awareness raising = Smart decision making process
- 24. • Introduction • Diagnosis ‐ justification of the need to develop an adaptation plan for the city, summary and conclusions of the analysis (figures, maps), – vulnerability assesment – conclusions from comprehensive vulnerability assessment – risk assesment – conclusions from the analysis of the potential opportunities and risks • Adaptation actions – on the basis of adaptation options, • Implementation of MPA – timetable for implementation of adaptation measures, bodies responsible for implementation, • Monitoring • Financing • Attachments (reports from consultation, maps, projects lists) City adaptation manual for local authorities
- 25. Documents available – in Polish Strategy (Polish version) • https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐ content/uploads/2013/11/SPA‐2020.pdf Adaptation manual for investors • https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐ content/uploads/2018/02/Poradnik‐przygotowania‐ inwestycji‐z‐uwzględnieniem‐zmian‐klimatu‐ich‐ łagodzenia‐i‐przystosowania‐do‐tych‐zmian‐oraz‐ odporności‐na‐klęski_ver_5_2_sierpnia_2017.pdf
- 26. City adaptation manual: • https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐ content/uploads/2015/09/Podręcznik‐adaptacji‐dla‐ miast1.pdf Brochure of the strategy • https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐ content/uploads/2014/12/Broszura‐adaptacja.pdf Documents available – in Polish
- 27. Other materials available – in English Strategy • https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐ content/uploads/2014/12/ENG_SPA2020_final.pdf Brochure of the strategy • https://klimada.mos.gov.pl/wp‐ content/uploads/2015/01/Broszura‐adaptacja‐ANG.pdf
- 28. • Institute for Environmental Protection – National Research Institute • Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas • Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute • ARCADIS Poland 28 Consortium
- 29. Further information: • Mr Szymon Tumielewicz ‐ Deputy Director Department of Sustainable Development and International Cooperation, Ministry of the Environment, Poland E‐mail: szymon.tumielewicz@mos.gov.pl