Native American Food Research Paper

Native American Food Research Paper
Food Throughout the centuries there have been many different kinds of food dishes within every
culture. Within my Native American culture we have many traditional dishes that have been pass
down from grandparent to child. Wild Rice is one of many dishes that have been passed down to me
and my generation within my tribe. My ancestors have fought and died to protect are way of life.
This earth was made for everyone to live on. How we use it defines us as a person. As children of
mother earth we have the knowledge to be pass down to the next generation to come, so that we can
keep are heritage going. It is entrusted into all who walk on this earth to teach the next generation.
My grandparents have taught me many different teachings. Like
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Mohawk Tribe Research Paper
In a far far away land there where we're two tribe, one of the tribe we're call the ojibwe. The other
tribe was call the mohawk. The two tribe had a leader with great power these leaders are Chief John
Redcorn from the ojibwe, and Grand Cherokee from the Mohawks. These two guys were the
strongest smartest fastest and more intelligent guys of their tribes. John and his tribe believe in
Christianity. They strong we believe that Jesus will return an saved them from the evil spirits of the
wilderness. The chief leader sense danger come into his tribe. He warren's all the people of the
village that there will be hugs attack coming soon and they should prepared. The woman of the
village starting carvin a series of animals in a tree that symbolize peace and protection over their
village, these animals were the Eagle, the wolf and the bear. The ojibwa believe in self healing.
They believe that they can use herbs and other medicine resources to heal there through, when they
are cut or sick these people have lot of components that they can use to heal themselves but they
usually use self healing. The Mohawks are the other tribe right across the river from the Ojibwa
tribe. They believe in spirituality and visual attacks and also they believe that the spirits will protect
them from any attacks and any catastrophes. They rely on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Grand Cherokees had assembled the spirits from the trees, so that they can help them in the
upcoming battle, Chief John Redcorn had parade to a third God for help in the battle that's coming.
Grand Cherokee had through a fire arrows into the ojibwe village. Where they had caught on fire.
This started burning the huts in the village destroying half of the village. The two villages started
fighting using spiritual attacks in as well as physical attack on one another. This was a bloody battle.
Many people die that

Native Americans In Eastern Woodlands
In the Eastern Woodlands, the native Iroquoian people populated the area, who set fires twice a year
to clear away underbrush to allow an easier hunting season. In addition, they had no universal style
of government, with many organized into chiefdoms. Near The Great Lakes, there were several
different types of natives collectively called the Anishinaabe. Many Europeans found that the
Anishinaabe had a vast social landscape, with the peoples of the Ottawas, Ojibwas, and
Potawatomis. Additionally, these people would use canoes to travel across the Great Lakes. Towards
the west in the Great Plains, the Comanches were formidable people of the vast territory. They rode
on horseback to dominate their enemies, and would mainly hunt Bison. ... Show more content on
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Spain, Portugal, and France sought to convert natives to the Roman Catholic Church, while England
and the Netherlands believed that Catholicism was corrupt, and attempted to build support for the
Protestant movement in the New World. During the age of exploration and colonization, Portuguese
mariners first found success in establishing trade along the African coast. They set up trading posts
on offshore island using a new ship design, planting a variety of crops and trading commodities with
people along the coast. Additionally, Vasco da Gama travelled around the tip of Africa to trade with
East Africa and India. While their most of their goods were seen as inferior, da Gama returned with
fighting vessels and established trading posts in the Indian Ocean by using force. Before Europeans
joined the African slave trade, slavery was widespread throughout Africa, and slaves served to pay
off debts, sold by their kin in exchange for goods during famine, or as war captives. The slaves were
central to the trans–Saharan trade, and on occasion the slaves would be freed from servitude. Once
the Europeans began to exploit the slave trade, they created a forced migration of African slaves into
the

Anishinabe: Algonquian Culture
Anishinaabe is the endonym, or self–designation, of several Algonquian–speaking Native American
tribes of Canada and the northern United States; namely, the Ojibwe/Chippewa tribes, the
Algonquin, the Ottawa, the Mississauga and Nipissing, and some Oji–Cree and Potawatomi people.
Anishinaabe means "original people" or "true people" (Redish and Lewis). Various spellings and
pronunciations of this name in the different Native languages that use it include Anishinabe,
Anishinaabe, Anishnabe, Anishnabai, Anishnawbe, Nishnaabe, Nishnabe, and Neshnabé, and
traditional plural forms end in "g" or "k," such as Anishinabek, Anishinaabeg, and Neshnabék
(Redish and Lewis).
The Anishinaabe occupy an area roughly concentrated around the Great Lakes; to the north, they
can be found in the Canadian province of Ontario, and in the United States, their home territory
includes parts of Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, as well as in outlying areas, such as ... Show
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Within the Midewiwin, priests are known as Midé, and there are either four or eight degrees of
initiation, depending on the local tradition (Gross). Along with the teaching of traditional lore,
instruction in healing is provided, particularly concerning the use of herbs; in the past, the
Midewiwin would handle funerals (Gross). The rites and teachings surrounding the Midewiwin are
mostly kept secret, and thus modern–day Anishinaabe are reluctant to discuss the Society (Gross).
The religious landscape of the Anishinaabe was altered with the arrival of Europeans; however,
many Anishinaabe kept to the old ways, and those who converted adapted Christianity to fit their
own worldview (Gross). The introduction of Anishinaabe religiosity into Christianity is most
evident in the singing of hymns, with hymns mostly sung in the Anishinaabe language; in turn,
hymns have become one of the methods of keeping the language alive

How The Rainbow Was Made Analysis
How the Rainbow Was Made is myth created by The Ojibwe Nations to explain the creation of a
rainbow in an incredible way. This very intriguing myth describes the rainbows being made from
two bluebirds playing around and dipping their feet into Nanabozho's paints and then flying away
causing the streaks of color to shine over the waterfall. From the text, it is easy to tell that these
Native Americans lived in Northern America/Canada. This can be inferred because Nanabozho, the
main character in this myth, talks about the "wide waterfall" outside of his house. It can be assumed
this wide waterfall is also known as the Niagara Falls, which is located Northwest of New Buffalo,
New York, and Southeast of Toronto, Canada. In this passage, he speaks about "Brother Son", so it
is easy to tell that they had a close relationship with nature, and looked highly upon the sun.
This particular story is very easy to determine which type of cosmogony is being told. A pure myth
explains how a natural phenomenon works. In the story, they are explaining how the rainbow, a
natural phenomenon, was made.Thus,this story is a pure myth. How the Rainbow Was Made is a
exceedingly fascinating story that gives an entertaining way of thinking about how one was once
created. Native American pure myths are surely a lot more amusing to think about than the scientific
way of thinking today.
The Ojibwe Nation is and was primarily located in Northeastern North America and Canada. In the
United States,

The, God The Almighty
First Nation, human beings who believe that the world has been here since day one. Christian, God
the Almighty has given life to earth. Many believe these stories but no one knows what really
happened back centuries ago. We just have to believe evidences we are passed on from the past.
First Nation and Christianity are really familiar, but what keeps them separated from each other is
that their deity gives their believers different values which makes them into different culture.
First nation and Christianity tell these stories because they believe telling these stories will show
how significant their culture is. How the Anishinaabe pass information is passed on from generation
to generation is that elders tell oral stories and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The First Nation and Christianity believe the universe was created by these supernatural Gods that
has gave Earth life. The Anishinaabe believe that they had a creator, Gzhwe Mnidoo. This deity was
created by a thought from the darkness and emptiness. How Gzhwe Mnidoo made the universe is
that one thought scattered across the darkness and made the sky . Gzhwe Mnidoo did not create
Earth, but gave Earth light so it would not be dark forever. As Gzhwe Mnidoo was creating the
universe, Gzhwe Mnidoo called the birds to plant seeds that was given the creative energy from
Gzhwe Mnidoo and made Earth beautiful. A human being was created last for it to reflection on
Gzhwe Mnidoo creation. As for God, many Christians believe that God was already there before the
world was created. Also God created Earth on the first day and divided light from the darkness. On
the second day God had made earth seed itself to grow many trees and fruits.As the days go by on
day five, he has created man to dominion the sea and the land that God has created on Earth. They
share the same idea that both cultures have a god or a creator that gave human beings life and trust
to humanities to control over Earth. As humanity rules over Earth, humans have became corrupted
and the balance become unbalance.
As their deity decided to flood Earth for its bad influence. When the Anishinaabe lost

Leanne Betasamosake Simpson: Poem Analysis
Born in Ontario in 1971 to an Anishinaabe mother and a Scottish father, Leanne Betasamosake
Simpson is a member of Alderville First Nation and is of Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg ancestry.
Although she has written three books, her most famous one is a collection of short stories called
Islands of Decolonial Love. Simpson also works for the The Centre for World Indigenous
Knowledge and Research at Athabasca University in Canada. She is a poet, an academic, and
activist, and a spoken word artist, and she won the RBC Taylor Emerging Writer Award for her non–
fiction works in 2014. She also was awarded the Briarpatch Magazine's Writing From the Margins
prize for short fiction in 2012. Leanne Simpson's seeks inspiration from a variety of styles, from
from storytelling to critical analysis. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The poem is directed those, perhaps politicians, who perpetrate the erasure of First Nations voices
and stories. Residential schools, unequal treatment and educational funding are only some examples
of how the Canadian government actively subjugated First Nations and their culture. Some
aboriginals are victims of sexual assault, murder, and theft, as specifically noted in Simpson's poem.
The purpose of this poem is to inspire others to fight for equal rights; it also serves as a reminders of
solidarity to other First Nations who have experiences oppression. Simpson calls on her generation,
"the singing remnants," to remember the mistakes of the past and speak out about past and present
inequalities. Leanne Simpson's work as an activist is evident in this

The Pros And Cons Of First Nations
A Popular False Impression
Reasons why First Nations have special treatment in today's society contribute to many
controversial arguments. Plenty of Non–Aboriginal Canadians misinterpret why First Nations
receive benefits on health care, post–secondary. In 1867, First Nations lost their land and wealth due
to treaties and land claim settlements. Therefore, the Canadian government is forced to administer
aid and services in return. It is a true fact that Status Indians have a right to beneficial education and
health care advantages. On a further note, First Nations who are pursuing post–secondary education
are given assistance to build a better lifestyle for themselves from the Assembly of First Nations.
Many years ago, residential schools ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These benefits came from a treaty that began in 1819 between the bands of Anishinaabe Nation and
the British government. They were determined to force them to give up 712,000 acres of land. This
led to First Nations losing land and resources through treaties and land claim settlements. As a
result, the government is obligated to provide aid and services in return. Today, First Nations who
are pursuing post–secondary education are given assistance to build a better life for themselves from
the Assembly of First Nations. Canadians should be interested to the fact that their remarkably
successful country's social and financial prosperity relies on First Nations attending post–secondary
education. Canada has an assistance program for First Nations and Inuit students called the Post–
Secondary Student Support Program. This program gives them benefits such as costs of tuition,
books, travel expenses, and living circumstances. Furthermore, in 2012–2013, the Canadian
government also provided $1.62 billion to support the First Nation elementary and secondary
education. Likewise, there is a healthcare program called the Non–Insured Health Benefits program.
Under the Indian Act, if you are a First Nation you must be a Canadian resident and a registered
Indian in order to be accepted into the Non–Insured Health Benefits Program. Without a doubt,
there are misguided judgments that Canadians have about First Nations with regards to education,
funding, and

Life in the Ottawa Tribe
This paper addresses the results of interviews, observations, and research of life in the Ottawa tribe,
how they see themselves and others in society and in the tribe. I mainly focused on The Little River
Band of Ottawa Indian tribe. I researched their languages, pecking order, and interviewed to
discover the rituals, and traditions that they believe in. In this essay I revealed how they see
themselves in society. How they see other people, how they see each other, what their values were,
what a typical day was etc. I initially suspected that I would have got different responses from these
questions but in reality the results in the questions were almost completely the same. I studied this
topic because mostly all the people that are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Little River Band is full and rich in culture. "The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, a
Michigan tribe that has survived to the present day despite the expansionist and assimilationist
policies that nearly robbed it of its identity in the late nineteenth century", explained James
McClurken who published the book "Our People, Our Journey". He then explains that they Little
River Band was forced onto a reservation on the Pere Marquette and Manistee Rivers in 1858. The
tribe had been pushed and shoved around for countless years and their culture was disintegrating. In
fact, my boyfriend, Andrew, his grandmother, Margaret Chandler, was a strong and tough working
representative that helped and pushed the people of their tribe for over fifty years to motivate them
into action and stand up for their rights. Chandler is a known as a hero in the tribe, according to the
book, she committed her life to the Little River Band to form the world better for future generations
and worked to promote and salvage the culture of the tribe. She is the reason why the tribe had a
"reaffirmation" in the 1990's, according to the book, "Our People, Our Journey" by McClurken
(2009). In 1994 The Little River Band was re–recognized by the federal government. Chandler is
the reason why the tribe and the tribe's culture is so astonishingly successful today. I interviewed a
close friend of mine that is included in the tribe about some of the rituals and traditions of the

Ziibiwing Center Observation
When I visited the Ziibiwing Center's exhibits at the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tripe of Michigan
building in Diba Jimooyung permanent other great lakes Anishinabek . I saw the weapon and plastic
models, swords. the displays go through the Seven fires prophecy, an Anishinaabe prophecy which
marks phases, or epochs, in the life of the people on Turtle Island, a Native American name for the
North American continent. Anishinaabe is the identification often used by the Odawa, Ojibwa,
Potawatomi. Also shows winter and summer living quarters, clothing, jewelry and photos from late
19th century. In the present current structure of the association reflects our dedication to our central
goal. the staff is organized into three essential office What did

Residential School Apology
Jeffery S. Denis intuitively unpacks two attitudes towards the apology and actions of rapprochement
in response to Residential Schools throughout his article, Bridging Understandings: Anishinaabe and
White Perspectives on the Residential School Apology and Prospects for Reconciliation. To obtain
the information needed for this piece, Denis interviewed a number of Anishinaabe and European–
Canadians in Ontario. The reason for this was to gain perspective of the thoughts and feelings on
this, seemingly, controversial matter of Residential Schools. With no significant divide between the
Anishinaabe and the European–Canadians, there was a scatter of results. The majority of
Anishinaabe that participated in the interviews thought the apology, which ... Show more content on
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Many European–Canadians thought this apology was too much and that they should move on from
the whole matter. As Denis dives into this topic, we are insightfully informed of both sides of the
story, thus bringing understanding to the differing mindsets. During the whole of this article, Denis
tactfully presents the almost stereotypical uncaring view of the European–Canadians. On the outside
these people portray a positive, supportive front, however, this is taken down as Denis uncovers an
apathetic mentality towards Residential Schools. Countless people push the blame to the past as
they did not commit these insufferable acts; wanting to move on and leave these events behind.
However, we are shown throughout this article that this is not always the mindset European–
Canadians have. Many European–Canadians feel strongly towards making amends and taking action
in supporting these people who were so severely influence by Residential Schools. The Anishinaabe
see the shift of blame and worry that no change will commence as part of the apology. Denis
communicates to the reader that this is only a step

A Life Cycle Ritual That Celebrates And Marks The Passage...
In life no matter what religion, ethnicity, gender, etc that all people are made up by we see that all
humans have the need to bring meaning to our lives, the Human Condition. We as humans, despite
having different qualities and each person being unique, Joseph Campbell presents us with the idea
that people are inherently more alike than we as people are different, the concept of Intrinsic
Sameness. This Sameness in all humans allows us to observe similar themes and meanings behind
our human ritualistic acts and stories, the stories that are very important to humans and how we
came to be to this day. There are many traits/stages/ common experiences that relate to all humans,
but to focus on two that have deep meaning and importance to any culture. A life cycle ritual that
celebrates and marks the passage into death, along with a belief story that brings meaning to a
culture similarly to other cultures world wide. The Chippewa (Ojibwe) culture focuses on these two
traits, a life cycle ritual that celebrates and marks the passage into death, along with a belief story
that brings meaning to the Chippewa Culture.
The Chippewa Tribe is a very historic and well known culture that works hard and respects
everyone while holding everyone as well to a very high regard. They see themselves as " another
element of nature; no greater and no less than everything else on earth ( Flett 1). Their beliefs are
centered around the belief in "Gitchie Manitou, the "Supreme Being," "Master,"

Book Review of People of the Three Fires Essay
Book Review of People of the Three Fires
The book, People of the Three Fires, is written by three different people each describing a tribe in
detail.The book is very well written and relatively easy to understand. It is informative and was
written to be used as a teaching tool for schools. The book discusses the relationship between the
groups that lived in Michigan and surrounding areas.
James M. McClurken writes the first section, which deals with the Ottawa people. McClurken tells
about the Ottawa peoples' relationship with the environment they lived in and how they adapted to
change when contacted by Europeans. One thing I found interesting about the Ottawa is their
beliefs. The Ottawa believed in respect for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This worries me somewhat because I think the house in which we live was part of the land given to
the Ottawa in the Treaty of 1855. While I feel bad that the Ottawa were cheated out of their land, I
don't think I should have to give up my house to right a 150 year–old wrong.
Dr. James A. Clifton wrote the Pottawatomi section of People of the Three Fires. Clifton discusses
the same aspects of Potawatomi life as McClurken for the Ottawa. An interesting group of people
the Potawatomi held a certain advantage as they moved south from northern Michigan. Because
they were neighbors of the Chippewa and Ottawa they had the knowledge that tribes further south
did not have. The Potawatomi knew how to build birch bark canoes so trade was far easier for them
than for the Sauk or Fox. They thrived on the "Mexican Trinity" of beans corn and squash. They
were also accomplished hunters and fishermen. In the beginning they were farmers but they soon
became interested in the herds of buffalo that roamed the plains just south of them. Then no meal
was complete without some red meat. A description that I took to heart was that on page 50
explaining the balancing act preformed by the leaders of the groups and the French. I can just
imagine the stress that the Wkama went through trying to please everyone at once. During the
French and Indian War the Potawatomi made a great capture of many English horses. Trading

The Establishment Of Residential Schools
The establishment of residential school remains to be one of the most culturally divisive moves of
the 20th century. Analysts and experts concur that the schools have impacted generation after
generations of the targeted communities. though perceived to be noble, the idea behind the
establishment of residential schools has been viewed as one of the most direct ways of influencing
the native communities to not only abandon their cultural beliefs but also embrace foreign ideology.
Research has shown the spread of residential schools within the native communities has not only
negatively impacted the communities' cultural standing but has also lowered the threshold for
human rights as more children are subjected to inhuman treatment by the system. There is a strong
belief that the residential schools system was established by the sole aim of forcing learners to adopt
a western style life characterized by western values and the western religion. This has been the bone
of contention within cultural and social experts.
Commonly referred to as the American Indian boarding schools, these schools came into existence
in the late eighteenth century but later experienced increased presence in the Indian American
community during the nineteenth century (Judy & Bennett,1986). Indigenous peoples view the
introduction of residential schools as one of the most painful chapters in the history of their culture.
Several studies carried out a by anishanaabe affiliated outfits have indicated that

Definition Essay On Fear
The only person that can control on how you fear something whether it is in a dream or in your
everyday life, is yourself. People think that they can't control the fears that come in there life due to
not being able to gather yourself and wake up if you are in a dream. There are many ways that fear
can come upon your dreams, it could mean that you are trying to get over it, solve it, or facing it
head on. When you go to bed your mind wanders about fears that you had in the past or fears in the
future. Your fears are then put into images of which then create anxiety after you wake up.
There are five common topics that can arise in a dream that have a specific meaning. Dreaming of
losing a tooth or teeth, can occur due to that in the past days you have "bitten off more than you can
chew" in a situation. You also may be making ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being unprepared for an exam could mean that you are experiencing stress in your life at the
moment which could have made for a long day. Being chased is another dream people can
experience if you are feeling threatened or hurt by a certain thing if they get too close. Your
response to this would be that you need to escape the situation in your life. Another would be that
something mechanical is not functioning this represents that something in your life is not working or
that your life may be a mess and you have no control over it. An infestation of bugs or animals
could mean that this is an actual fear and has happened in the past. Could also mean that you are
being bugged or irritated by something in you life. In dreams there are connections between animals
and feelings, for instance butterflies mean longevity, creativity, joy, and spirituality. Grasshoppers
mean freedom and independence. One more example would be ladybugs which could mean beauty
and good luck. Wild animals symbol life

Wampum Essay
Wampum is traditionally beaded strings and belts which were and are used as mnemonic devices to
recount historical events and agreements (Fadden & Thomas, 2006). Throughout my research a
common misconception was addressed that the Haudenosaunee did not use wampum as currency, as
monetary value was not established prior to contact. Though it was valued, as it was recognized to
take a considerable amount of effort to make said belts (Fadden, 2015) Making wampum a key
component in initiating, establishing, symbolising and recording different types of relationships
between Nations. Accordingly, it is used across many different people including Anishinaabe and
Haudenosaunee (Ojiig, 2015). Each nation has its own belts and teachings, for this paper we will be
focusing on the Haudenosaunee teachings and traditions surrounding wampum. They can all be
described as a "Cultural tape recorder" (Hill, 2016), as they capture the essence of a story and make
it easier for the story to be told when the belt is there as a physical reminder. People who kept the
knowledge of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The belt physically is white with two purple lines running parallel across it. The use of white
wampum symbolising peace while the purple links to representing a political and relational account.
The two purple lines represent two different vessels, one a European ship the other a
Haudenosaunee Canoe. These two lines encompass the rules and ways of being of each culture
individually as Onkwehon:we and Raseron:ni (Thomas, 2015). These ways of being include;
spirituality, language, government and much more. Looking at how the treaty was expected to be
followed shows the need for both open communication with an acknowledged

Treaty No. 2 Essay
Treaty No. 2 was the second of the eleven treaties to be signed and established during Canada's
infancy. Also known as, "Manitoba Post Treaty", named after a post of the Hudson Bay Company
where the treaty was signed on August 21, 1871 at Manitoba Post, located on the northwest shore of
Lake Manitoba. Treaty No. 2 was signed on behalf of the Ojibway by Mekis, Sou–sonce, Ma–sah–
kee–yash, Broken Fingers, and Richard Woodhouse. Commissioner Simpson, accompanied by
Lieutenant–Governor Archibald, James McKay and Molyneux St. John, Clerk of the Legislative
Assembly signed on behalf of the crown. The Ojibway inhabit the area included within the treaty
boundaries of approximately 92462 square kilometers located in central southwestern Manitoba and
a small portion of southeastern Saskatchewan. Every first nation of Treaty 2 is located in Manitoba
and these include: Dauphin River, Ebb and Flow, Keeseekoowenin, Lake Manitoba, Lake St.
Martin, Little Saskatchewan, O–Chi–Chak–Ko–Sipi, Pinaymootang, and Skownan. The Ojibway
are an Anishinaabe grouping of indigenous peoples of North America, of which the majority inhabit
Canada. They are the second largest First Nations group in Canada, only surpassed by the Cree. The
lands of Treaty No. 2 were primarily inhabited by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2 included 160 acres of reserve land for each family of 5 persons, agreement to maintain a school in
each reserve whenever required, and three dollars for each Indian man, woman and child belonging
to the band represented. Also, each family of 5 was to be paid the sum of 15 dollars in Canadian
currency or in similar proportions to a larger or smaller family. Such payment was to be made in
items required by the Indians such as blankets, clothing, twine, or traps at current cash price in
Montreal, Canada. Lastly, Treaty No. 2 provided the Ojibway people with farming tools and
instilled a census to keep track of how many Aboriginals were in each band, mainly for
compensation

Andrea Smith's Three Pillars Of Resistance Movements
As an ally, my artwork is a rendition of different resistance movements that have/are
occurred/occurring. The art is grounded in Andrea Smith's 'Three Pillars Of White Supremacy'
(2006), as it is a photographic display of the relationships between slavery and capitalism and
genocide and colonialism. It is also inspired by Beyonce's song Formation, as well as the music
video and her Superbowl performance, in which she is 'unapologetically Black' and shows her
support for the Black Lives Matter movements and pays tribute to the Black Panther's. The photo
series displays the literal underlying effects and contemporary issues surrounding
slavery/capitalism, genocide/colonialism. Together both images represent resistance, as they work to
disrupt ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Smith discusses how the logic of colonialism is that through genocide, Indigenous peoples must
disappear, and that they must always be disappearing in order to allow non–indigenous peoples the
'rightful' claim over this land (2006). As genocide serves as the anchor for colonialism, it makes it
acceptable to take Indigenous land because Indigenous peoples have always disappeared (Smith,
2006). Thus, my art is a depiction of this, the background of the image is of a group of Anishinaabe
peoples. This represents the Indigenous people of the land, and rightful owners. The image on top of
the Anishinaabe peoples is the Toronto skyline, which represents how the genocide of Indigenous
peoples allowed for the expansion of Canada and gave the Colnial powers claim to the land, as the
Indigenous peoples were forced to disappear. On top of the Toronto skyline there is an image of a
protest sign that reads 'justice for missing and murdered Indigenous woman now.' This slogan is
representative of resistance movements that are fighting for the lives of Indigenous peoples. The
murders and disappearances of Indigenous women serve as a form of genocide as there has been no
action taken on these issues for numerous years. The image is also representative of how Indigenous
peoples are fighting for their rights, by resisting the on going colonization of their bodies and land.
Thus, as

American Indian Liberation : American Indians And The...
I have always had a curiosity in the Native American culture, yet my previous studies led me away
from any cultural academics over the years. I am pleased that I am now delving into these resources
after attending a pow wow on the White Earth Reservation to increase my understanding of the
Native American culture. There are four books in particular that have sparked my curiosity:
American Indian Liberation: A Theology of Sovereignty by George E. Tinker; Education for
Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience, 1875–1928 by David Wallace
Adams; Boarding School Seasons: American Indian Families, 1900–1940 by Brenda J. Child; and
The White Earth Tragedy: Ethnicity and Dispossession at a Minnesota Anishinaabe Reservation,
1889–1920 by Melissa L. Meyer. At first glance, Tinker's book, American Indian Liberation: A
Theology of Sovereignty, appears to be a suitable parallel to my pow wow experience. His
collection of published and unpublished essays explains how the actions of the United States
government led to the start of a new liberation theology . His understanding between the indigenous
concerns and the marginalized in general in this book are seen as uniquely important. The
psychological damage of white supremacy and the image of an angry Christian God are also
unveiled to show the lasting effects on the Native American groups which directly resulted in their
particular liberation theology. However, Tinker is criticized for completely ignoring the

Indigenous Economic, Philosophical, and Innovative...
Many individuals still harbor attitudes of racism towards Indigenous People, forcing them into the
margins of society. They are painted in a negative light, instead of being recognized for their
achievements. Indigenous Peoples have made major contributions to the economy of Canada, in
addition to sharing their beliefs and inventions. Aboriginal people are not acknowledged for their
substantial contributions to Canadian society, at least not to the degree that is deserved. There is a
fair amount of qualitative research written about Indigenous Peoples, so why have their efforts not
received merit? Perhaps it is due to contemporary ethnocentric attitudes, but it is quite possible that
this ignorance is caused from lack of knowledge on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They facilitated trade between northern hunters, including the Montagnais, and southern
agriculturists, such as the Iroquois. They later continued their role as middleman in trade with the
Europeans. Aboriginal women played a significant role in the fur trade. Marriages between the
Aboriginal women and European men were a way of solidifying alliances between the two trading
nations. These women introduced the European traders to their language, culture, and people. As
there were no European women residing on the Hudson Bay during the fur trade, Aboriginal women
were highly valued for companionship. However they were useful for more than just that; the
Aboriginal women were also used as guides and teachers within the fur trade. In addition, through
association with the Aboriginal women, many European traders adopted Aboriginal customs and
trade habits. The women of the fur trade contributed substantially to the efforts of their Aboriginal
and European counterparts. In 1670 a British royal charter was formed, granting an exclusive trade
territory to "the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading into Hudson Bay". This
was the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC). The charter gave the HBC rights to all the
land whose rivers drained into the Hudson Bay and the Hudson Strait. The Aboriginal Peoples
worked with the HBC in the same way they

General Adjustment Act Essay
General Allotment Act or Dawes Act of 1887 was law, which allowed Americans to legally purchase
Indian lands. Indians whose grounds were allocated got to be U.S. citizens. In 1902, Congress
permitted Indian beneficiaries to offer lands without endorsement from the secretary of the interior.
In 1906 Burke Act, allowed Indians to sell land without waiting twenty–five years. "Competency
commissions" issued charge licenses to Indians judged capable to offer their properties. The legal
term "competency" was defined by blood quantum. White Earth Reservation was established in
1867 but the timber rich land in the eastern part and fertile farmlands in the western part takes
attention of American. In 1906, Minnesota senator Moses A. Clapp added to the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amerindians has been set apart and delay their development which makes first people life hard.
Indian people had special status. It was a response to American Indian Movement. "The White
Paper" was a voice of first people to Canadian Government for individual human rights. The
American Indian Movement spread to Canada. The Canadian government announced, "to enable the
Indian people to be free–free to develop Indian cultures in an environment of legal, social and
economic equality with other Canadians" (Dickason 372). The first people had special status, which
brought to native people many difficult things. However, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau's do see
that special status for first people was wrong in a democratic society. Ottawa makes possible to give
fifty million dollars available for economic development to Amerindians. In the same year, Indian
Claims Commission established for making the equal right as Canadian citizens. As a result of "the
White Paper", first people gets the individual rights instead of collective rights. The cancellation of
Indian Act brings changes such as losing the compensation for the ancestors land. In formulating
"the white paper" Ottawa did not involve Amerindians that brings many troubles. The National
Indian Brotherhood admits their view on this act, "We view this as a policy designed to divest

Life in the Ottawa tribe
The Ottawa tribe and culture of the tribe is eminently fascinating and beautiful. The Ottawa tribe has
a great deal of history behind it. The name "Ottawa" is originally spelled "Odawa" in their native
language. The language that they speak is mostly English, but their native language is Ojibwa,
which is related to Anishinaabe language. The tribe's original homeland, according to bigorrin.org,
is mostly in southern Ontario in Canada, which is where the name of "Ottawa" or "Odawa" came
from, and Michigan. There are multiple Ottawa tribes, but there is one here in Manistee, Michigan,
they are the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians. There is a legion amount of people that are in the
Little River Band that are exceedingly close to me. The Little River Band is full and rich in culture.
"The Little River Band of Ottawa Indians, a Michigan tribe that has survived to the present day
despite the expansionist and assimilationist policies that nearly robbed it of its identity in the late
nineteenth century", explained James McClurken who published the book "Our People, Our
Journey". He then explains that they Little River Band was forced onto a reservation on the Pere
Marquette and Manistee Rivers in 1858. The tribe was getting pushed and shoved around for
countless years and their culture was disintegrating. In fact, my boyfriend, Andrew, his grandmother,
Margaret Chandler, was a strong and tough working representative that helped and pushed the
people of their tribe for over

Summary Of Sir John A : Acts Of A Gentrified Ojibway...
Upon watching the play Sir John A: Acts of a Gentrified Ojibway Rebellion, written by playwright
Drew Hayden Taylor, I found myself engulfed by a parallel narrative that illustrated a plethora of
significant topics. Who knew that learning about a dead Canadian prime minister could be both
captivating and informative? Taylor's Sir John A: Acts of a Gentrified Ojibway Rebellion,
commissioned by the National Arts Centre, does an arguably nearly flawless job of bringing light to
some of Canada's oldest and deepest shattered relations through two simple story lines that
ultimately merge. This play informs viewers of current and serious topics through the plot and
characters, with the help of a little singing and dancing of course. Taylor's play, directed by Jim
Millan, is a dual perspective story that alternates between two settings. The first set of the two is
based in the 19th century, the era of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John A Macdonald. In this
setting, a problematic and alcohol–fueled Sir John A., played exceptionally well by Martin Julien, is
seen reiterating his life story and more importantly his utter distaste for "Indians." The second
setting is based in modern–day Canada, where we are given a brief glimpse into life on a reserve,
more specifically Buddy's life. Buddy, played by Darrell Dennis, is an exasperated Anishinaabe
individual who wants nothing more than to remove his late grandfather's medicine bundle from the
British Museum where it sits and

The Indigenous Style Of Louise Erdrich
The Indigenous Style of Louise Erdrich Native American literature is generally uncommon for the
21st century. Much of the culture and folklore from the older generations of Native Americans has
been forgotten. Despite this, Louise Erdrich strives to narrate the Anishinaabe way of life. Her
Chippewa Indian mother educated her about native culture and influenced her to write about her
heritage. Erdrich's fictional novel Tracks, illustrates the lives of native tribe members living in North
Dakota. The short stories from Tracks, "Snares" and "Matchimanito", help emphasize Erdrich's
unique style. The elements of style that Erdrich utilizes best are theme and characterization. One
element of style Erdrich uses is theme, which gives the story ... Show more content on
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When the Pillager family died, Nanapush fears that the spirits would haunt his people. He was too
focused on current problems to properly honor the spirits. The last remaining Pillager, Fleur, would
not talk to Nanapush because of his narrow–mindedness and disrespect. The theme of cultural
difference is also presented between the natives and whites when the treaty is offered to the natives.
In "Matchimanito" Nanapush declares that "I am a holdout, like the Pillagers, and I told the agent, in
good English, what I thought of his treaty paper. I could have written my name, and much more too,
in script" (Online). Although he is offered a large sum of money, he persistently shows his
disapproval for the treaty by not signing it. The land continues to hold more value than money, and
his culture is more important to him in the end. Another primary element of style that is persistent
with Erdrich's stories is characterization. The many characters that appear in "Snares" have widely
different personalities. When the narrator describes Margaret Kashpaw, he gives his full opinion of
her. He explains that "She was the ringleader of the holdouts, a fierce, one–minded widow with a
vinegar tongue" ("Snares" 497). Although Nanapush thinks Margaret is bitter towards everyone, he
begins to truly understand her after befriending her. When Lazarre and

Cannon-Fodder: An Artistic Representation Of Culture
Literature is an artistic representation of culture, used all over the world to provide an in depth lens
on societies and time periods. Literature can be used as a piece of history, revealing personal
experiences regarding these significant events and feelings; yet literature is always changing and
evolving with the passing of time. As Sam Sacks points out in Cannon–Fodder: Denouncing the
Classics, "Authors are anointed not because they are great (although many of them are) but because
they are important. In other words, the current criteria for classics are more a matter of sociology
than of aesthetics." It is not a matter of whether or not a book is generally liked or a "fun read", but
rather its impact on society, that deems it a "classic". ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is for this reason that the books students are assigned to read should be chosen with great care.
You must first ask yourself when choosing these books: what do I want my students to leave with an
understanding of? This, I feel, is what has changed with our generation. As a U.S citizen, (even
though groups might be polarized) each of us lives among diversity as a country. What it means to
be an American, is a much more complicated and multifaceted question than what it might mean to
be a citizen of older, more homogenous country. America is made up of a multitude of different
cultures and experiences, and in order to have a complete understanding of American identity, you
must have an understanding of each. That is what the modern student should possess, a complete
understanding of the cultures around them. It is impossible to form a complete opinion without a
full

How Traditional Anishinaabe Medicine Can Be Integrated...
When the culture of the Anishinaabe, or Ojibwe, people were suppressed when colonization began
in the Americas, their medical practices were as well. In an effort to preserve the Ojibwe culture as
well as establish effective treatment options for people living on reservations as well as members of
Ojibwe communities, Anishinaabe cultures should be incorporated into the clinical setting.
When working with different cultures in a health environment, it is necessary to have an
understanding of that culture as different perspectives and values will have an effect on their
medical care. Therefore, an understanding of Anishinaabe medicinal practices is crucial when
considering the prevention and treatment of illnesses in the Anishinaabe community. Since
traditional methods are not practiced in American healthcare, how information is perceived in the
population as well as inclination to comply with different treatments are affected. How traditional
practices can be incorporated in a Western healthcare setting as well as the challenges that exist in
doing so will be evaluated.
To begin to assess the different ways that traditional Anishinaabe medicine can be integrated into
Western medicine, how the Anishinaabe culture was affected by colonization must be discussed.
The cause of an illness is fundamental to determine how to treat it. There are two kinds of illnesses
that differ in how they are treated as well as their etiology.
One is "white–man's sickness", which include diseases

Unifying Concept of the Annishinabe Religion.
In his article "Bimaadiziwin or the "Good Life", as a Unifying Concept of the Anishinaabe
Religion", Lawrence W. Gross set out to examine how bimaadiziwin is a unifying concept of the
Anishinaabe religion. In the article, two points Gross focuses on his aim on demonstrating the
continuity in Anishinaabe worldview and also demonstrating how bimaadiziwin serves as a unifying
concept for traditional Anishinaabe religion. To support his points Gross explores the meaning of
bimaadiziwin and how it is used, how story telling is a way of moral teachings and also ways to
recover the Anishinaabe downfall.
Due to the colorizations of First Nations people, the Anishinaabe religion experienced a drastic
downfall that tore apart most of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This board game is an important tool in learning the bimaadiziwin concept and the Anishinaabe
values because it helps spread the Anishinaabe worldview while also having fun with others. It helps
those who are still in recovery remember he importance of the Anishinaabe values such as learning
from one's mistakes, to understand there are consequences for ones actions and so on. These values
are presented in a less serious tone, which helps the learning process. This is another factor showing
how bimaadiziwin continues to serve as a unifying concept for traditional Anishinaabe. As a result,
Gross' article has shown that bimaadiziwin is a unifying concept in the Anishinaabe religion. For
how much information this board topic portrays, Gross does an exceptional job at presenting how
there is continuity in Anishinaabe world view, and demonstrating how bimaadiziwin served as a
unifying concept of traditional Anishinaabe religion. Gross gives the readers a very informative
understanding about the Anishinaabe religion and the meaning of bimaadiziwin. Not only did he do
an exceptional job at explaining this, he did an outstanding job at discussing details about the topic
such as the teaching of bimaadiziwin as a foundation of human relations with nature, how story
telling is a good way of moral teachings and ways to recover the downfall of the

America 's Existence As A Post Colonial Environment
Canada 's existence as a colonized nation in a post–colonial environment requires its citizens and its
institutions to have an understanding of decolonization and reconciliation methods. As a majour city
within the established nation, Toronto has employed a simple method of acknowledging Canada 's
history by naming streets after people that the nation believes to be worth honouring. Yet these
surface patches of honour are continued acts of oppression, colonial power and of the insincere
desire for reconciliation. In this paper, I will argue that Toronto 's attempts to honour Tom Longboat
by naming a street after him, the space known as Longboat Ave actively erases parts of his history,
as well as parts of Toronto 's history. I will also argue that a more complete, accurate and respectful
history exposes not only the failings of the current methods of reconciliation, but how Toronto and
Canada may move towards a more effective, inclusive and respectful story. I will accomplish this by
incorporating Kauani 's essay "A Structure, Not an Event", as well as Patrick Wolfe 's "Settler
colonialism and the elimination of the native" in order to showcase how street naming is a part of
the colonial process of claiming Indigenous identities and successes as Canadian, juxtaposed to a
history of deliberate, colonial alienation. I will argue that this surface act of reconciliation is truly an
act of settler colonialism and of assimilation. I will also evoke the arguments and methodology

Earth Elder Stories : The Pinayzitt Path, By Alexander Wolfe
Stories that have been passed on for decades by Indigenous people have many cultural values and
meanings that can help teach and guide others. In his book Earth Elder Stories: The Pinayzitt Path,
Alexander Wolfe's includes three stories "The Sound of Dancing," "The Orphan Children," and
"Grandfather Buffalo," that reveal important Anishinaabe cultural values. In the story "The Sound of
Dance," the value of family sacrifice is shown as a strong Anishinaabe cultural value. In the story
"The Orphan Children," Wolfe expresses the importance of orally transmitted knowledge as a core
Anishinaabe cultural value. Then in "Grandfather Bear," the keeper of knowledge emphasizes the
importance of the connection to the past, especially within family relations in Anishinaabe culture.
There are many cultural values that can be found in these three stories told my Alexander Wolfe.
Family sacrifice is one of many values shown throughout these stories, specifically in the story "The
Sound of Dancing".
There are many cultural values expressed in the story "The Sound of Dancing". The value of family
sacrifice is shown throughout the entire story. The story is based upon a grandfather who sacrifices
his life for his grandson in order for him to pass on the knowledge he had given him. During a
conversation between the grandfather and grandson, Wolfe writes, "My grandson, the time has come
for you to go. I have kept my promise for I have kept you as long as I could. Now you must leave.
But

Skins : Contemporary Indigenous Writing
Kateri akiwenzie–damm
Born: 1965 Toronto, Ottawa (Birth Date unknown)
Canadian writer, editor, producer, and activist
Author works
Editor Anthologies
Skins: Contemporary Indigenous Writing. (Editor) with Josie Douglas, 2000
Without Reservation: Indigenous Erotica, 2003
Speaking True: A Kegedonce Press Anthology, 2006
The Stone Collection, 2015
Poetry
My Heart is a Stray Bullet, 1993, 2002
bloodriver woman, 1998
Spoken Work standing ground, poetry CD, 2004
Plays
A Constellation of Bones, 2007
Documentary Feature
Featured in the documentary, Words From the Edge, 2007
Awards
Recipient, Literary Arts Development Writers Grant from the Canada Council, 1996
Recipient, Ontario Arts Council, Writers ' Reserve Grant for a poetry ... Show more content on
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As a scholar, she held the Lucille Herbert Memorial Scholarship and was a member of the Dean 's

Honour Roll at York University.
In 1993, Kateri founded Kegedonce Press to give voice to Indigenous culture and, in the same year,
she published a book of poetry, My Heart is a Stray Bullet with Kegodonce Press. Her literary
activities soon expanded to editing and publishing the work of other writers in anthologies. The
first, Skins: Contemporary Indigenous Writing, she edited and jointly published with Kegedonce
Press and Jukurrpa Books. Skins collected the work of writers from Canada, the United States,
Australia, and Aotearoa – New Zealand. The second, Without Reservation: Indigenous Erotica.
Kegedonce Press, was about Native sexuality and erotica through the writing and history of various
tribes. Her prose work, Stone Collection, published in 2015 was an interconnected narrative of short
stories exploring emotions such as humor, love, and anger and topics such as family.
In addition to her literary, publishing, and performance work, she has been an activist as a Board
Member and Interim Vice President of the Aboriginal Youth Council of Canada and a member of the
Joint National Committee on Aboriginal AIDS Education. Other activism work has been with the
Native Advisory Council of the Wordcraft Circle of Native Writers Workshop. Her work has
included being a Trustee of

Gender Synthesis Essay
"The existence of more than two gender categories implies a stricter gender system, in that certain
activities and ways of behavior lead to the exclusion of a person from his/her gender and into a new
classification into a distinct gender." ((242, Lang / Kuhnle) In many societies prior to colonization
gender binary was not a thing. In fact, some societies lived without those assignments. "Prior to
colonization, Indian societies tended not to be male–dominated. In fact, many societies were
matrilineal and matrilocal, and Indian women often served as spiritual, political, and military
leaders. When work was divided by gender, both men's and women's labors were accorded similar
status. Violence against women and children was rare – in many tribes, ... Show more content on
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They might have felt threatened to also see the diversity of humans such as seeing the two–spirited
people, "Two–Spirit people have both a male and female spirit within them and are blessed by their
Creator to see life through the eyes of both genders." (site). Seeing a society where gender did not
matter might have caused a huge fear in the westerner's minds. They not only enforced their ideas
by taking away the native's language and culture, they also sexually abused, raped and caused
violence to the people especially to the women and two–spirited people. This caused natives hatred
towards their culture and bodies which in return had an impact on their self–esteem. "According to
McGeough, the agokwa and okitciakwe had important communal and spiritual responsibilities and
Anishinaabe people traditionally see gender "being fluid and not fixed or determined by one's
biological sex" (McGeough 2008; kwetoday 2014). (5, Meissner/Whyte). "Thus, the patriarchal
gender binary system was a tool of colonization to undermine Anishnaabeg culture and traditions,
like the roles of the agokwa and the

Rita Louise Erdrich's Indian Boarding School : The Runaways
Throughout the history of the Native Americans, no one has suffered more because of the white
man's atrocity than the children of the Indians. Most of them, if not all, were taken away from their
reservation to live in a boarding school. Whether they liked it or not, they were to follow and obey
the school's rules and regulations even though they deemed it unforgiving. In her poem, "Indian
Boarding School: The Runaways," Louise Erdrich meticulously depicted the sufferings of the Indian
children at a boarding school created just for them to better assimilate with the white man's culture.
The speaker of the poem and the imagery used to describe this wonderful heart–warming literature
made it possible to convey the real existence of the pain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Eventually, she received her Master of Fine Arts degree in 1979 from John Hopkins University after
pursuing her desire to be a creative writer. She had written many Novels including the fiction Love
Medicine (1984) which won her a National Book Critics Circle Award. Also, Erdrich's early
literatures were in collaboration with her husband Michael Dorris, the father of her three biological
daughters. However, the partnership in writing between the two practically ended when they
separated in 1996 and Dorris committed suicide in 1997. After the loss and a difficult time in her
life, she managed to continue to write novels. She then took a short break from writing and after
coming back to write some more, she won the National Book Award for her novel, The Round
House (2012). Erdrich also owns an independent bookstore where she lives, in Minneapolis,
Minnesota which specializes in Native American literature and Ojibwe–language publications. She
is proud of her Ojibwe heritage that she is committed to preserve the Ojibwe language and culture
that she eventually formed the Birchbark House Fund to support indigenous language revitalization.
Also, along with her sisters, they established Wiigwaas Press to publish literary material in Ojibwe
and bilingual Ojibwe/English. Her Indian heritage is surely in her heart. As a child, Erdrich
experienced

Examples Of Multiculturalism In Canada
Multiculturalism in Canada Of all the countries in the world, Canada is the most diverse nation. In
1971, Canada was the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism as an official policy
(Government of Canada). The passion of Canadian diversity is evident in several short stories. A
multitude of perspectives informs the content of our literature. Canada expresses that we respect and
learn from cultures, accept people for their differences, and are able to combine belief systems.
Canadian identity will never be divided because it is based on many diverse cultures. Firstly,
Canadian short stories emphasize that, we respect and learn from the diversity in the cultures
throughout the nation. As shown in the reading of the story, ... Show more content on
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Many cultures make up Canada, which proves why diversity has been so important in shaping the
country. Some cultures have many beliefs based on their religion. What you believe as an individual
can change another person or yourself forever. In the text, "Grateful," Jenny gave Murray her
graduation gift, which was a pen, stating she thinks he would be able to use it. He later stopped
searching for a teaching job, "[I] withdrew my resumés from my consideration" and "I opened up
the book, unscrewed the cap from the pen and began to write" Jenny has inspired Murray that he can
write instead of a teaching job (Wiersema,45). Believing in others could influence their future.
Canadian identities are shaped by the lifestyles learned in their family homes. "Only until Mom gets
better," Raven is taking care of his Mom and being a responsible child. (Bruyere, 95). Family is an
important influence in many cultures in Canada. Many cultures have different beliefs which makes
them diverse, but the beliefs combined is what makes Canada diverse as a whole. Canadians value
their various life styles which are defined by their own traditions and beliefs. Our cultural beliefs
influence the way we experience important life transitions such as birth, marriage and death. The
Anishinaabe culture believes in respect of elders. In "Akiwenzie–Damm's" "What Inspired Me to
Write This

The Mississaugas Of Scugog Island
My first memories of life began in Scugog, Ontario, just on the outskirts of Durham Region. As I
grew up, I noticed there were some different people that lived around me, but since my innocence
was still apart of me then, I disregarded it and thought everyone was as fortunate as I was. One day I
became curious enough to ask my mother why there were people who lived differently from us and
who they were. My mother did not know much of them, and because of this all I knew was that they
were natives of Scugog Island and they assisted in running the Great Blue Heron Casino. I did not
learn their history or their culture in any way, and because of this, became ignorant to part of our
history as a nation. The history of the Mississaugas of Scugog Island began around 1700 when ...
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Chippewa is their official name that someone would find on their documents, Ojibwa is their most
well–known name and what their language is called, but Anishinaabe is the name they call
themselves and are the original people found in their creation stories (Dodge 46). The Mississaugas
people acquired all their needs from 'Mother Earth' and appreciated all the resources Lake Scugog
and the surrounding area had to offer. Unfortunately this did not last as long as hoped, since the
government then started creating treaties with the Mississaugas and Ojibways despite the language
barrier and little understanding. Soon their Mother Earth was being dominated by non–native
settlers and the Mississaugas were getting little or nothing in return. Furthermore, the construction
of the dam in Lindsay, Ontario– which was also being created by non–native settlers – caused
flooding at Lake Scugog and forced the Mississaugas to move to Coldwater Reserve between 1835–
1837. In 1844 they returned back to Scugog Island, but unfortunately there were even more hard
times ahead (Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation Community

The Manitous: The Ojibway
While researching for Native American music and dance, I initially approached this essay with the
idea that native americans used music and dance like we have done today. When researching I have
discovered that dance is used as a form of entertainment and storytelling. But after reading multiple
authors and sources on Native tribes music and dance, they are multiple tribes that not only use
music and dance as a form of entertainment, but use it as mean to tell the history of their tribe and to
pass on their teachings to others.
When I was looking into sources about this subject, I have read a lot from websites that contain
information of how they performed their music and dance, through various instruments from the
drums, whistles and flutes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike the other boys, Pukawiss did not show an interest in running, swimming, or hunting. He was
however, fascinated with animals and because of this his fascination drove other people of his tribe
away. But that was not stopping Pukawiss, so he "learned much about the animals like the eagles,
bears, and snakes, learning their movements and that taking their life a way would have been
wrong"(Johnston p. 27–35). As Johnston stated, "The animals had much to teach the humans about
values and relationship like loyalty, kindness and friendship. Pukawiss taught his village about the
animals by spinning like an eagle in flight or hopping through grass like rabbits or bouncing like a
baby deer." Because of this he became a dancer for his tribe. Because of this, many villages wanted
him to teach them about the ways of the animals. Because of this, he had to give up his home and
became a traveling teacher. Because of this "Pukawiss and his brother Cheeby–aub–oozoo added
drums and flute later to the dance."(Johnston, p.31) He also added the stories of humankind to his
performances. It is from this, as Johnston wrote, that he invented the hoop dance to help him with
this goal. The dancer had become a counsellor with "the hoops representing a circle that returns
each problem back to the responsibility of its creator"(Johnston). The hoop is also

Anishinabe Culture Observation Report
I had the opportunity to visit the Ziibiwing Center of Anishinabe Culture and Lifeways on Saturday,
April 15, 2017.It is located on the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Reservation in Mount Pleasant,
Michigan. I live in Shepherd, which is only about fifteen minutes away from Mount Pleasant, so I
went to the Ziibiwing Center over Easter break. My parents, my sister, and a friend who was staying
with us for the holiday also decided to go to the museum. The Ziibiwing Center is a museum that
aims to inform the surrounding community about the beliefs, traditions, and history of the
Anishinabek people. Anishinabek is the plural word for Anishinabe, and the Anishinabek people
include the Ojibway, Odawa, and Odawatomi tribes (Diba Jimooyung). The overall theme of the
permanent Diba Jimooyung exhibit is the Seven Prophecies, or Seven Fires. The Seven ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Often, we focus on analyzing the values of our current (Western) culture and the cultures preceding
it, in order to better understand why we believe and do certain things. However, all cultures are
based off of human nature – not just Western culture. Analyzing and studying other cultures as well
as one's own, will give a person a greater understanding human nature. It will give a better picture of
human nature in a universal context. What do all peoples across history, and across in the world,
believe in? What geological factors seem to influence the formation of certain beliefs and traditions?
An example of similarities between cultures of varying regions is how, in the Anishinabek culture,
teachings and stories are traditionally passed on through oral tradition. The same is true of ancient
Greek culture, as seen with Homer's The Odyssey, and of medieval European culture, as embodied
in Marie de France's Lanval. Humanities is about human nature, and humans have a rich diversity of
cultures to explore that through. I would highly recommend visiting the Ziibiwing Center to future
Humanities

Residential Schools, Respect, And Responsibilities For...
John Borrow's article "Residential schools, respect, and responsibilities for past harms" examines
the differing views regarding the assumption of responsibility for the historic harms of Indigenous
peoples affected by residential schools. The article is divided into five main topics: 'on not listening,'
'listening,' 'on not being responsible,' 'on being responsible,' and 'respectful responsibility.' The first
section, 'on not listening,' traces the author's struggle to identify his own responsibility to those
affected by residential schools. Survivors and elders have conflicting experiences and responses to
the harms endured. The discussion should not end with a formal acceptance and assignment of
responsibility, bur rather, it should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fourth section of the article, 'on being responsible,' takes the above arguments and offers insight
into how Canadians may in actuality be responsible for the harms incurred through residential
schools. The arguments against residential schools do not deny that Indigenous peoples suffered
harm, rather, they highlight the importance of considering differing points of views. In the final
section, 'respectful responsibility,' the author concludes by suggesting that Indigenous peoples' laws
and political traditions provide important standards for judgement.
2. What are the implications of the author's arguments for other readings and discussions in this
course? Reconciliation is about moving forward and opening new paths that are based on truth and
justice. There are numerous manners in which reconciliation can take place. As illustrated by Sue
Campbell in "Remembering for the Future," accepting responsibility is an important factor in using
memory as a form of reconciliation. This notion of memory is further

Jonah: An Interpretation Of Jonah
For my interpretation of Jonah I am using a context from northern Minnesota. My congregation is
part of the United Methodist Church and is composed primarily of retired, upper middle class
Caucasians. The typical member spent most or all of their life in one Iron Range community or
another. My artistic interpretation of Jonah (see below) attempts to bring aspects of Peace UMC's
Iron Range history into relation with Jonah's message of responsibility, repentance, justice and
mercy.
Many people remember Jonah for its fantastic image of the fleeing prophet being swallowed by a
"large fish". This fictional narrative, with its lack of historical context, imaginative symbols, and
open word choices allow for a wide berth of artistic expression. In ... Show more content on
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I derived the fish outline which surrounds the other three images from verse 1:17 where God sends a
giant fish, not a whale as some traditions continue to perpetuate, to swallow Jonah after being
heaved from the ship which he hoped would allow him to escape responsibility to Nineveh (1:3). I
chose to place a dove in this top position for several reasons: (1) Jonah means dove in Hebrew and
is a humorous symbol for fragile, fickle, and asinine, (2) the dove represents the Holy Spirit which
is active in the grace used for repentance in John Wesley's Order of Salvation, and (3) its placement
near the fish's mouth represents Jonah's constant urge to flee from God's call (1:3, 12, 4:3, 5, 8). The
placement of Jonah in the "belly" of the ship within the "belly" of the fish purposefully highlights
the feminine grammar found in the story (1:5, 2:1). This Christian rebirth imagery is further
substantiated by Jonah's cry from the "womb of Sheol" (2:2) in which he spent three days and nights
(1:17), the traditional time to travel to Sheol. The final image of Jonah mirrors his psalm where "the
weeds were wrapped around [his] head" (2:5) and parallels the difficult change of heart God hopes
Jonah will experience after God spares Nineveh in chapter

Native American Food Research Paper

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Native American Food Research Paper