2. How do we know about History?
Primary Source Secondary Source
What is it?
Provide Examples
A historical
account written
during the time
period
A historical account
written after the
time period by
someone who didnât
experience it
Diary, newspaper,
autobiography,
journal, interview
with survivors,
original film
footage
Textbook, modern
novel of the past,
lectures/
interviews by
modern experts
3. Social Scientists Study and Interpret History
Economist
Geographer
Archaeologist
Anthropologist
â˘Studies RESOURCES (natural resources, money,
labor)
â˘Examines production and distribution of goods and
services
â˘Studies how people interact with the environment
â˘Makes connections between people and places
â˘Find, study and interpret historical evidence from the
past; look for ARTIFACTS
â˘Analyzes and examines historical artifacts to recreate
a picture from the past; what was their culture like?
4. Types of Maps
Physical
Political
â˘Shows topographical landforms (what Earth LOOKS like)
â˘Mountains, plateaus, deserts, lakes, rivers, etc.
â˘Shows political boundaries (man-made things)
â˘Countries, cities, empires, etc.
5. What is Culture????
â˘The total LEARNED
BEHAVIOR of a group of people
(family, nation, country, etc)
â˘behavior patterns, arts,
religion, institutions, language
and all other human work
6. Cultural Isolation vs. Cultural Diffusion
Cultural Isolation Cultural Diffusion
Causes
Traditional Culture-
Effects
â˘Geographically
separated
â˘Deserts (Sahara)
â˘Mountains
(Himalayas)
â˘Islands (Japan)
â˘Trade (Silk Road)
â˘Migration (Bantu)
â˘War (Crusades)
â˘Change occurs slowly
⢠Live w/ extended families
â˘Subsistence farming-
growing just enough to
survive
â˘Spread of ideas
(religion, inventions)
â˘Economic growth ď
Golden Ages
7. MAJOR TURNING POINT!!!
Nomads The Neolithic Revolution Civilizations!
Africa-
River Valley Civilizations-
â˘Followed food
⢠Did not settle
in one place
â˘ALL Humans
evolved from
Rift Valley in
East Africa
â˘Followed food
out of Africa
and populated
world
â˘Discovery of farming
and domestication of
animals in the Fertile
Crescent in Middle East
â˘Change the way people
attained food
â˘Steady Food Supply
â˘***Permanent Settlements***
1.Advanced Technology
2.Record Keeping
3.New Social Class
4.Complex Institutions
â˘Relied on river for survival
â˘Annual flood fertilizes land
1. Mesopotamia- Hammurabiâs Code
2. Indus (India)- urban planning
3. Yellow River (China)
4. Nile (Egypt)
Writing
System