An ovum has all the nutrients stored that required for embryonic d.pdf

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An ovum has all the nutrients stored that required for embryonic development until implantation has occurred. Why? An ovum has all the nutrients stored that required for embryonic development until implantation has occurred. Why? Why? Solution Ovum also called as Egg cell. It is a female reproductive cell or gamete in Oogamous animals. Such kind of animals in their eggs have ooplasm or other wise Yolk of the ovum,a cell substance . The ooplasm consists of the cytoplasm of the ordinary animal cell with its spongioplasm and hyaloplasm ,often calle the formative yolk and the nutritive york or deutoplasm made of round granules of fatty and albuminoid substances imbedded in the cytoplasm. Mammalian ova contains only a tiny amount of the nutritive yolk, to nourish the early stages of its development..

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What role do the follicles in the ovary play in the endocrine system? Solution Ans: · An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries. It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle. Women begin puberty with about 400,000 follicles, each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. These eggs are developed only once every menstrual cycle. · The ovaries are the site of production and periodical release of egg cells, the female gametes.When the oocyte finishes its maturation in the ovary, a surge of luteinizing ghormone secreted by the pituitary gland stimulates the release of the oocyte through the rupture of the follicle, a process called ovulation. · Ovarian follicles are the basic units of female reproductive biology. Each of them contains a single oocyte (immature ovum or egg cell). These structures are periodically initiated to grow and develop, culminating in ovulation of usually a single competent oocyte in humans They also consist of granulosa cells and theca of follicle. · The ovarian follicles, sometimes called graafian follicles, are rounded enclosures for the developing ova in the cortex near the surface of the ovary. At birth and in childhood they are present as numerous primary or undeveloped ovarian follicles. Each contains a primitive ovum, or oocyte, and each is covered by a single layer of flattened cells. As many as 700,000 primary follicles are contained in the two ovaries of a young female. Most of these degenerate before or after puberty. · Means follicles play an important role in maintaining the puberty in females by secreting several harmones (When there are no more follicles or eggs, the ovary no longer secretes the hormones oestrogen and progesterone which regulate the menstrual cycle. As a result, menstruation ceases). · In the ovary, all eggs are initially enclosed in a single layer of cells known as a follicle which supports the egg. Over time, these eggs begin to mature so that one is released from the ovary in each menstrual cycle. As the eggs mature, the cells in the follicle rapidly divide and the follicle becomes progressively larger..

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Vittelogenesis is a word developed from Latin vitellus-yolk, and genero-produce Vitellogenesis (also known as yolk deposition) is the process of yolk formation via nutrients being deposited in the oocyte, or female germ cell involved in reproduction of lecithotrophic organisms. In insects, it starts when the fat body stimulates the release of juvenile hormones and produces vitellogenin protein. Yolks is the most usual form of food storage in the egg. Yolks appear in the oocyte in the secondary period of their growth called vittelogenesis. Thus,the formation and deposition of yolks is known as vittelogenesis Characteristic Yolks is a complex variable assembled component. The principle component are protein,phospholipid and fats in different combination. Depending upon these component yolks is distinguished into protein yolks and fatty acid For eg- the avian contain 48.19% water , 16.6 % protein, 32.6% phospholipids and fats and 1% carbohydrates.

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The process of reproduction begins with copulation, which is the mating of a male and female of the species. •Sperm cells from the male are deposited in the female reproductive tract and try to unite with an egg cell. •When fertilization (a sperm cell and egg cell unite) occurs, an embryo begins to develop. •The embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus where it is protected, receives nourishment, and develops. •When the new offspring reaches the end of the gestation period, it is delivered from the female reproductive tract in a process called parturition. •To completely understand the process of reproduction, a basic knowledge of the reproductive tract structures and functions is required

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Describe the stages of malaria and the site of protozoal activity on each. Solution The life cycle is almost the same for all the five species that infect humans and follows three stages: (I) ifection of a human with sporozoites (II) asexual reproduction (III) sexual reproduction The human contamination starts The point when a contaminated female anopheles mosque nibbles an individual and injects contaminated with sporozoites spit under the blood coursing library. That is the principal existence stage of plasmodium (stage from claiming infection). The following phase done intestinal sickness life cycle may be the a standout amongst agamic generation that is isolated under different phases: those pre- erythrocytic (or better, exoerythrocytic) and the erythrocytic period. Inside best 30- 60 minutes after those parasites inoculation, sporozoites Figure their approach through blood coursing library will their principal target, those liver. Those sporozoites enter the liver phones Also start isolating prompting schizonts creation in 6- 7 days. Each schizont provides for conception on many merozoites (exoerythrocytic schizogony) that need aid At that point discharged under the blood stream checking those end of the exoerythrocytic period of the agamic regenerative stage. It is worth specifying that, concerning p. Vivax and p. Ovale, sporozoites might not take after the propagation cost step and sit tight lethargic (hypnozoites) in the liver; they might be actuated then afterward quite a while prompting relapses entering those blood stream (as merozoites) following weeks, months alternately Significantly A long time. Those exoerythrocytic stage may be not pathogenic Also doesn\'t prepare manifestations alternately indications of the malady. Its span may be not the same to the greater part parasite species. Merozoites discharged under the blood stream, are guided towards their second target, those red platelets (RBCs). Concerning illustration they attack under those cells, they Stamp those starting of the erythrocytic stage. Those 1st stage after intrusion may be a ring stage that evolves under a trophozoite. The trophozoites would not capable on digest the haem Along these lines they change over it clinched alongside haemozoine Furthermore digest the globin that is utilized Concerning illustration a hotspot from claiming aminoacids for their propagation cost. The following cell division stage is those erythrocytic schizont (initially adolescent et cetera full grown schizont). Each develop schizont provides for conception should new era merozoites (erythrocytic schizogony) that, after RBCs rupture, are discharged in the blood stream in place will attack different RBCs. This is At parasitaemia happens Furthermore cinical manifestations show up. Those liver period happens main When same time those erythrocytic stage undergoes various cycles; the merozoites arrival then afterward every cycle makes the febrile waves. A second situation under those RBCs i.

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Database problem. Design a realtional schema based on E-R Diagram. BuildingID ResidesIn INSPECTOR Relationship BUILDING H EF Manages ManagerID MANAGER nsID AgtNo Locatedln APARTMENT Relationship 5,10 Cleans (1,2) SMembdID STAFF MEMBER CCID C+ coPRCLIENT k Refers Solution INSPECTOR(InsID) BUILDING(BuildingID,InsID) APARTMENT(BuildingID,AptNo) where BuildingID and AptNo is composite primary key COPRCLIENT(CCID,BuildingID,AptNo) MANAGER(ManagerID,BuildingID) STAFFMEMBER(SmembdID,BuildingID,AptNo) primary key - underlined foreign key -italics.

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d. What types of information systems ru currently utilized at PVF? Provide an example of each type. 1-26. Hoosier Burger As college students in the 1970s, Bob and Thelma Mellankamp often dreamed of starting their own business. While on their way to an economics class, Bob and Thelma drove by Myrtle\'s Family Restaurant and noticeda “for sale\" sign in the window. Bob and Thelma quickly made arrangements to purchase the business, and Hoosier Burger Restaurant was born. The restaurant is moderately sized, consisting of a kitchen, dining room, coun- 1-27 ter, storage area, and office. Currently, all paperwork is done by hand. Thelma and Bob have discussed the benefits of purchasing a computer system; however, Bob wants to in- vestigate alternatives and hire a consultant to help them. Perishable food items, such as beef patties, buns, and vegetables, are delivered daily to the restaurant. Other items, such as napkins, straws, and cups, are ordered and delivered Solution Part a There are four phases in the SDLC: planning and selection, analysis, design, and implementation/operation. Planning and Selection The planning and selection phase of the SDLC is utilized once the need for a new or upgraded information system has been recognized. In regards to Hoosier Burger, Bob Mellankamp, the owner, has expressed the desire to computerize their information systems; however he is open to other alternatives as well. Analysis The Analysis phase of the SLDC evaluates the current system and then establishes alternative options to best suit the needs of the organization. In regards to Hoosier Burger, the analysis should be centered on the organization’s current procedures in the handling of forecasting information, inventory usage, and basic sales information Design The design phase of the SLDC is meant to take into consideration the needs of the business owner, and the specifics they are looking for in their information systems. In regards to the Hoosier Burger case, an example of this would be ensuring that the logical and physical designs of the new system will provide access to the point of sales information as requested by the owners. Implementation and Operation In regards to Hoosier Burger, implementation and operation of the new system would require the ability to make changes in the system depending on the needs of the owners. Part B Major system characteristics and examples are: Part C The success of any organization depends on the interactions between its subsystems. The text states, “Breaking the subsystems down into their components reveals even more about the inner workings of the system and greatly enhances our understanding of how the overall system works,” The vital subsystems in regards to Hoosier Burger include the register and sells, food inventory, food preparation, and data reports. The register allows the system to operate, the food inventory allows for the sales to be made, the food preparation allows for customers to purchase the fo.

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Bacteria growth Explain a growth curve. Explain lag phase, exponential growth and stationary phase. What are gene products? What is the role of DNA polymerase? What is a promoter and a terminator? In which molecule are they active? What is the role of RNA polymerase? What is a ribosome binding site? In which molecule is it active? What is an open reading frame? Solution Growth curve: A graphical representation of how a particular phase moving over time. Growth curves are classifed in to three different types, those are linear, exponential or cubic. lag phase: The period where the individual bacteria are maturing and not yet able to divide. During the lag phase of the bacterial growth cycle, synthesis of RNA, enzymes and other molecules occurs. exponential growth: This phase (sometimes called the logarithmic phase ) is a period characterized by cell doubling. stationary phase: As the bacterial population continues to grow, all the nutrients in the growth medium are used up by the microorganism for their rapid multiplication. What are gene products? A gene product is the biochemical material, either RNA or protein, resulting from expression of a gene. What is the role of DNA polymerase? Enzymes that synthesize DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotide What is a promoter and a terminator? Promoter - Region of DNA that initiates transcription of a gene Terminator - Region of DNA that ends transcription of a gene In which molecule are they active? DNA What is the role of RNA polymerase? Enzymes that synthesize RNA molecules from ribonucleotides What is a ribosome binding site? Shine Dalgarno sequence in mRNA is called ribiosome binding site In which molecule is it active? mRNA What is an open reading frame? Sequence of DNA that starts with start codon “ATG” (not always) and ends with any of the three termination codons.

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________ ANOVA relies on matched samples in a similar way to the matched-pairs hypothesis testing that compares two population means. One-way Randomized block Two-way Three-way One-way Randomized block Two-way Three-way Solution One way ANOVA relies on matched samples in a similar way to the matched-pairs hypothesis testing that compares two population means. It is used when we need to compare of more than two means..

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Write a program that converts an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression. The rules to convert an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression are as follows (C++): Initialize pfx to an empty expression and also initialize the stack. Get the next symbol, sym, from infx. If sym is an operand, append sym to pfx. If sym is (, push sym into the stack. If sym is ), pop and append all of the symbols from the stack until the most recent left parentheses. Pop and discard the left parentheses. If sym is an operator: Pop and append all of the operators from the stack to pfx that are above the most recent left parentheses and have precedence greater than or equal to sym. Push sym onto the stack. After processing infx, some operators might be left in the stack. Pop and append to pfx everything from the stack. In this program, you will consider the following (binary) arithmetic operators: +, -, *, and /. You may assume that the expressions you will process are error free. Design a class that stores the infix and postfix strings. The class must include the following operations: getInfix: Stores the infix expression. showInfix: Outputs the infix expression. showPostfix: Outputs the postfix expression. convertToPostfix: Converts the infix expression into a postfix expression. The resulting postfix expression is stored in pfx. precedence: Determines the precedence between two operators. If the first operator is of higher or equal precedence than the second operator, it returns the value true; otherwise, it returns the value false. A + B - C; (A + B ) * C; (A + B) * (C - D); A + ((B + C) * (E - F) - G) / (H - I); A + B * (C + D ) - E / F * G + H; Infix Expression: A+B-C; Postfix Expression: AB+C- Infix Expression: (A+B)*C; Postfix Expression: AB+C* Infix Expression: (A+B)*(C-D); Postfix Expression: AB+CD-* Infix Expression: A+((B+C)*(E-F)-G)/(H-I); Postfix Expression: ABC+EF-*G-HI-/+ Infix Expression: A+B*(C+D)-E/F*G+H; Postfix Expression: ABCD+*+EF/G*-H+ Turn in: A UML diagram for your class. The header file for your class. The implementation file for your class. The source code for your test program. (C++) (Below already done code.) //Header file: myStack.h #ifndef H_StackType #define H_StackType #include #include #include \"stackADT.h\" using namespace std; template class stackType: public stackADT { public: const stackType& operator=(const stackType&); //Overload the assignment operator. void initializeStack(); //Function to initialize the stack to an empty state. //Postcondition: stackTop = 0 bool isEmptyStack() const; //Function to determine whether the stack is empty. //Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is empty, // otherwise returns false. bool isFullStack() const; //Function to determine whether the stack is full. //Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is full, // otherwise returns false. void push(const Type& newItem); //Function to add newItem to the stack. //Precondition: The stack exists and is not full. //Postc.

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Write a Java program that mimics the framework for an online movie information system similar to IMDB written in Java. Create an abstract base class, two subclasses, and one interface to provide basic functionality for the system. Use the provided UML, the class descriptions, and the test output to determine the proper behavior for your classes. Create an interface Rateable that: Provides a method vote(int numVotes, int voteScore). Create an abstract class Movie that: Implements the Rateable and Comparable interfaces. Provides the data fields: title, releaseYear, genre, numVotes, and voteScore. Provides four constructors: o Default, no-arg constructor o Three convenience constructors that allow as parameters: the title the title and releaseYear the title, releaseYear, and genre. Provides an abstract getInfo() method. Provides a concrete toString() method that returns the only movie title. Provides a concrete getRating() method that returns: o -1 if numVotes is 0, o voteScore/numVotes otherwise. Implements the Rateable interface’s vote() method by increasing the existing values of numVotes and voteScore by the amount passed in the appropriate parameter. Implements the Comparable interface’s compareTo() method by comparing ratings. Movies should be sorted in descending order, meaning that a higher rating should be considered “less than” a lower rating. Create a concrete class Horror that: Automatically sets the genre to Horror in its constructors. Adds a data attribute for number of deaths, numOfDeaths, with the appropriate getter/setter methods. 2 Provides a getInfo() method that returns “title, genre, releaseYear (rating): numDeaths deaths” with the appropriate values. o Detects if it receives a -1 from getRating() and uses “No ratings” as the rating. o To pass LiveLab’s auto-grader, make sure ratings are limited to one decimal place (see documentation on using String.format() which works similar to System.out.printf()). Create a concrete class Comedy that: Automatically sets the genre to Comedy in its constructors. Adds a data attribute, hasProfanity, to indicate whether there is profanity in the film with the appropriate getter/setter methods. Provides a getInfo() method that returns “title, genre, releaseYear (rating): Profanity/No Profanity” with the appropriate values. o Detects if it receives a -1 from getRating() and use “No ratings” as the rating. o To pass LiveLab’s auto- grader, make sure ratings are limited to one decimal place (see documentation on using String.format() which works similar to System.out.printf()). NOTE: Movie, Horror, and Comedy should provide all of the appropriate accessor/mutator methods for their data fields. For brevity, these are not included in the UML. Main method Create the horror movies: o A Nightmare on Elm Street, 1984, 4 deaths o Final Destination 5, 2011, 94 deaths1 o Saw, 2004, 6 deaths Create the comedy movies: o Napoleon Dynamite, 2004, no profanity o Keeping Up with the Joneses, 2016, profanity o.

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Which microtubule (MT) population binds to chromosomes during mitosis? Interpolar MTs Kinetochore MTs Astral MTs Either MT population is able to bind chromosomes because they are functionally redundant MTs do not associate with chromosomes at all Solution a)Astral microtubules: These originate at the poles of the cells near the membrane of the cell and assist in the orientation or the arrangement of the spindle apparatus. b) polar microtubules: These are longest extending from one end of the cell to the other end and intertwine with each other and help n seperation of the cells. c) Kinetochore microtubulues: these are the only tubules which are directly attached to the chromosomes during the mitosis.As the name indicates these are attached to the kinetochore region of the chromosome and help in seperaation of chromosomes into two..

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React to the following statement: Knowledge is the technology which has increased globalization. Thus, globalization then leads to the need for increased education. Solution Globalization: Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. Knowledge is the technology – globalization: Technology has also enabled the world to become more interconnected, beyond the economic sphere, with greater access to information and communication which is having a profound impact on societies. Information technology was necessary to enable globalisation and this technology emerged from developed countries. It changed the economic relationship between countries because it made knowledge an increasingly important component in the production of goods and services. Knowledge and high tech industries are the fastest growing in the world today and for countries to compete in these sectors they need to invest substantially in education and training. Technology has typically been introduced to developing countries by large multi- national companies doing business there and so the technology used has originated in developed countries, where most of these companies’ research and development takes place. Many argue that this is increasing the power of the MNCs in international markets and weakening the bargaining power of developing countries. According to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in their 2009 World Conference on Higher Education report, Over 2.5 million students were studying outside their home country. UNESCO also predicted that the number of international students might rise approximately to 7 million by the year 2020. The main destinations preferred by international students are the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada and Australia. Overall, the number of international students more than doubled to over 2 million between 2000 and 2007. However the sharpest percentage increases of international students have occurred in New Zealand, Korea, the Netherlands, Greece, Spain, Italy and Ireland. Globalization and Education: According to Edward Fiske, “If Americans are to continue to prosper and to exercise leadership in this new global context, it is imperative that we understand the new global forces that we have both shaped and had thrust upon us. The alternative is to be at their mercy”. The effects of globalization have been far-reaching. While the living standards of the world are still highly uneven, 400 million people have moved out of extreme poverty since 1980—more than at any other time in human history. The growth and urbanization of a global middle class is creating huge new markets for goods and services of all kinds. Globalization is often viewed as a zero-sum game in which one nation\'s economic growth comes at the expense.

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what animals first evolved true skeletons what animals first evolved true skeletons what animals first evolved true skeletons Solution Evidence of the oldest fossil of multicellular organisms was seemed to be made by smooth, wormlike organisms and are known as furrows. These fossils tell us very less about the animals they belong to except there external shape. The fossils of first large, complex multicellular organisms who were still soft-bodied were found for the first time in Ediacaran organisms(they are named after the place they are found), these organisms resembled modern day jellyfish or worms and disappeared later. In their places, animals of all the modern phyla evolved like jellyfish, corals, sponges, molluscs, flatworms, annelid worms, echinoderms, insects and chordates consisting of both soft and hard body parts. Jawless fish were the one to have consist of skull and were place in vertebrates during the evolution. Arthropods were the first land animals and bony fish and sharks the first water animals to be comprised of true exoskeleton..

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Problem 4. Organisms are present in ballast water discharged from a ship according to a Poisson process with a concentration of 10 organisms/m^3 [the article \"Counting at Low Concentrations: The Statistical Challenges of Verifying Ballast Water Discharge Standards\" (Ecological Applications, 2013: 339-351)]. What is the probability that one cubic meter of discharge contains at least 8 organisms? [Hint: Use the cumulative distribution table] What is the probability that the number of organisms in 1.5 m^3 of discharge exceeds its mean value by more than one standard deviation? [Hint: Use the cumulative distribution table] Solution Possion Distribution PMF of P.D is = f ( k ) = e- x / x! Where = parameter of the distribution. x = is the number of independent trials Mean = Organisms are with a concentration of 10 Organisms/meter^3 a) CONTAIN ATLEAST 8 ORGANISMS P( X < 8) = P(X=7) + P(X=6) + P(X=5) + P(X=4) + P(X=3) + P(X=2) + P(X=1) + P(X=0) = e^-10 * 0 ^ 7 / 7! + e^-10 * ^ 6 / 6! + e^-10 * ^ 5 / 5! + e^-10 * ^ 4 / 4! + e^-10 * ^ 3 / 3! + e^- 10 * ^ 2 / 2! + e^-10 * ^ 1 / 1! + e^-10 * ^ 0 / 0! = 0.2202 P( X > = 8 ) = 1 - P (X < 8) = 0.7798.

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QUESTION 6- Delay spread of optical pulses results on multimode fiber because of multiple signal pathways of different lengths within the fiber. True False Solution False Delay spread of optical pulses results on multimode fiber because of multiple signal pathways of different lengths within the fiber beacuse generally The optical fibers are used in communications have a very simple structure. They consist of two sections the glass core and the cladding layer The core is a cylindrical structure and the cladding is a cylinder without a core..

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31. A Biased sample is one that ______ a. Is too small b. Will always lead to a wrong conclusion c. Will likely have certain groups from the population over-represented or under-represented due only to chance factors d. Will likely have certain groups from the population over-represented or under-represented due only to systematic sampling factors Solution Biased Sample A biased sample is one in which the method used to create the sample results in samples that are systematically different from the population. THEREFORE OPTION D IS CORRECT.

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please explain in detail What is the PCAOB? Please explain what is the law, a describiton of the law. Solution Public Company Accounting Oversight Board has been established as a part of the Sarbanes and Oxley Act , 2002 with a view to protect investors interest in public companies through a oversight over companies accounting and auditing practices. PCAOB is mainly focused on implementing effective auditing practices, improving audit quality and maintain public trust in the financial and auditing reports. The Sarbanes and Oxley Act 2002, passed after major financial crimes such as Enron is a United States Federal Law. It has eleven titles and establishes corporate accountability and civil and criminal liabilities for white collar crimes. Title 1 contains provisions of the Public Company Accounting Oversight board. Some of the major provisions of the Act are : (i) It requires public companies to evaluate and disclose the functioning of internal controls and independent auditors have to agree to such disclosure. (ii) Financial reports are to be certified by the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Executive Officer. (iii) Auditor independence , and outrightly prohibits any non audit work which can be carried out by an independent auditor. (iv) Prohibits personal loans to directors of the companies (v) Accelerated reporting of insider trading (vi) It also requires public companies to have an indepedent audit committee to oversee the relationship between auditor and the company (vii) Enhanced criminal and civil liabilities for any violations.

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