fire fitting course

1. Fire Fighting Course
Prepared by :
Eng. Almoataz Bellah Mahmoud

2. PRESENTATION CONTENTS
2
 Overviewof Fire Fighting.
1. Definition Of Fire.
2. Fire Triangle.
3. Fire Tetrahedron.
4. Fire Classifications.
5. Fire Fighting Systemsclassification.
 Water Based Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
2. Manual Fire Fighting Systems.
 Gases Based Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
2. Manual Fire Fighting Systems.
 Water Based Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Wet Pipe System.
2. Dry Pipe System.
3. Preaction Systems
4. Deluge System.
 Water Based Manual Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Standpipes Systems.
2. Fire Department Connections (FDC)
3. Fire Hydrant System.

3. PRESENTATION CONTENTS
3
 Sprinklers System.
1. Sprinklers Classifications .
2. Hazard Classifications.
3. Sprinkler Distribution.
4. Hydraulic Calculation.
5. Case Study.
 Fire Water Tank & Pump Room.
1. Case Study.
 Single Line Diagram.
 Gases Based Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Carbon Dioxide System.
2. FM200 Systems
3. Case Study.
 Gases Based Manual Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Fire Extinguishers.
2. Case Study.
 Complete Fire Fighting Project.

4. INTRODUCTION
 Majorgoals of fire protection:
 Continuityof operation.
 Property protection.
 Life safety.
4

5. The fire protection is achieved via three means:
 Active Fire Protection.
 Passive Fire Protection.
 Educational Fire Protection.
INTRODUCTION
5

6. Active Fire Protection
 Fire DetectionAndAlarm Systems.
 Fire FightingAnd Extinguishing Systems.
6

7. Passive Fire Protection.
7

8. Educational Fire Protection.
8

9. Codes And Standards
 NFPA:- National Fire Protection Association:
 NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
 NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
 NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and
Hose Systems.
 NFPA 20: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps
for Fire Protection.
 NFPA 11: Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion
Foam Pumps for Fire Protection.
‫للحريق‬ ‫المصري‬ ‫الكود‬
INTRODUCTION
9

10. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Fire Triangle parameters :-
1. Air ( Oxygen ) Without sufficientoxygen (Not Less than
16%), a firecannot Begin.
2. Fuel
3. Heat
( Flammable Material ) Without fuel, a fire will stop.
( sufficient heat to raise the
material to its ignition
temperature )
10

11. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Fire Tetrahedron :-
 In addition to the fire triangle.
 It adds the requirement for the presence of the chemical
reaction which is the process of fire.
11

12. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
• Extinction of the Fire methods :-
•  Suppression of the Combustible: by closing of the
valve fueling thecombustion, creating sufficient distance between fire
and
• f lame, exhausting hot smoke (containing unburned elements)….
•  Suppression of the Oxidizer (also known as
choking): by the use of carbon dioxide fire-extinguisher, a
blanket, or spraying sufficientwateron a solid combustible
(watervapor removes fresh air)….
•  Suppression of the Activation energy (cooling
down): by spraying water in mixof air + combustible particles 12

13. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
13
Fire Classifications :-
 Class A fire: Ordinarycombustibles such as wood, paper, carton,
textile, and PVC.
 Class B fire: Flammable liquid orgaseous fuels such
benzene, gasoline, oil, butane, propane, and natural gas.
 Class C fire: Involving energized electrical equipment,
often caused by short circuits oroverheated electrical cables.
 Class D fire: Combustible metals, such as iron, aluminum,
sodium, and magnesium.
 Class K fire: Containing a fatelement, such as cooking oil.

14. FIRES CLASSES
A Trash Wood Paper
C Electrical Equipment
B Liquids Grease
D COMBUSTIBLE
D
Wood
Cloth
Paper
Rubber
Many Plastics
Gasolin
e Oil
Grease
Tar
Oil-based Paint
Lacquer
Flammable
Gases
Energized
Electrical
Equipmen
t
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Titanium
Zirconium
Other Flammable
Metals
K Cooking Media
Fires Involving Combustible Vegetable Or
Animal Non-saturated Cooking Fats In
Commercial Cooking Equipment.
K
14

15. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Fire Fighting Systems Classification
Water Based Fire
Fighting Systems
Gases Based Fire
Fighting Systems
15

16. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Water Based Fire
Fighting Systems
Manual
Standpipe
SYS.
Siamese(FDC)
connection
Fire hydrant
Automatic
Sprinklers
SYS.
16

17. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Gases Based Fire
Fighting Systems
Manual
Manual Fire
extinguisher
Automatic
FM200
System
CO2
System
17

18. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Water Based Fire
Fighting Systems
Manual
Standpipe
SYS.
Siamese(FDC)
connection
Fire hydrant
Automatic
Sprinklers
SYS.
18

19. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM -WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
Single Line Diagram .dwg
First Water
source
Second
Watersource
19

20. OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING
Water Based Fire
Fighting Systems
Automatic
System
Sprinklers
SYS.
20

21. Sprinklers
Systems
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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

22. WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

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 Wet Pipe Sprinkler System
 Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
 Pre-Action Pipe Sprinkler System
 Deluge Pipe Sprinkler System

23. WET PIPES SYSTEM

WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
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25. WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
 ALARM CHECK VALVE
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26. 27

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When the fire
protection system is
initially being
pressurized, water
will flow
into the system until
the water supply and
system pressure
become equalized,
and the torsion
Spring closes the
Clapper in the Alarm
Check Valve. Once
the pressures have
stabilized

28. 29
FIRE,FIRE
ALARM

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30. WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS
 CHECK VALVE SYMBOL
 CHECK VALVE
 CHECK VALVE BLOCK
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37. DRY PIPES SYSTEM

WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
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38. DRY PIPES SYSTEM

WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
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39. WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
DRY PIPES SYSTEM

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

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41. PROCEDURE
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 When one or moreautomatic sprinklers operate in
response to a fire, air pressurewithin the system piping
is relieved through theopen sprinklers.
 When theair pressure is sufficiently reduced, thewater
pressureovercomes thedifferential holding the Clapper
Assemblyclosed and the Clapper Assembly swings
clearof thewaterseat,
 Thisaction permits water f low into the system piping
and subsequently to bedischarged from any open
sprinklers. Also, with the Clapper Assemblyopen, the
intermediatechamber is pressurized and water f lows
through thealarm port.

42. PROCEDURE
44
 Afteravalveactuation and upon subsequentclosing of a
system main control valve to stop water f low, the
Clapper Assemblywill latch open Latching open of the
DPV-1 will permitcompletedraining of the system
through the main drain port. During thevalve resetting
procedure and after the system is completelydrained,
theexternal reset knobcan beeasily depressed to
externally unlatch the Clapper Assembly
 As such, the Clapper Assembly is returned to its
normal set position to facilitate setting of thedry pipe
sprinklersystem, without having to remove the Hand
hole Cover.

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44. PRE-ACTION PIPES SYSTEM

WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
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45. NFPA 13 DEFINES THREE BASIC TYPES OF
PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
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 7.3.2.1 Pre-action system shall be one of the
Following types:
 Single Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices
only.
 Double Interlocked: Admits water to
sprinkler piping upon operation of both the
detection devices and automatic
sprinklers.

46. PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
50
 Thesupplemental detection system is commonly
electric or pneumatic oracombination of both.
Detection systems used with electric release systems are
commonly actuated by manual pull stations, fixed-
temperature heatdetectors, rate-of-rise heatdetectors,
smokedetectors orother means determined

47. PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
51
 In accordance with NFPA 13,
 7.3.2.4.1 the pre-action sprinklersystem piping and fire
detection devices shall beautomatically supervised
where thereare more than 20 sprinklers on the
systems. This is accomplished with airor nitrogen gas
underpressureof 0.5 bar minimum within the
sprinkler piping. If the integrityof the sprinkler piping
is compromised, the pressurewill be reduced activating
a supervisory pressure switch that transmits the signal
to the releasecontrol panel and/or fire alarm panel.

48. PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
53
 Single Interlocked

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55. PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
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 Double Interlocked
 Thedouble interlock pre-action system
utilizes a detectorsystem and pressurized air
or nitrogen in the sprinkler system piping.
This system is arranged so that the deluge
valve will open only when both pressure is
reduced in the sprinkler piping and the
detection system operates.

56. PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
61
 If the detection system operates due to damage
or malfunction, thevalve will not open, but an
alarm will sound. If the sprinkler piping is
damaged orsprinkler is broken, the valve will
notopen but a supervisory alarm will sound.
Theoperation of both a sprinkler and a
detector (orrelease) is required before the
valve will open, allowing water toenter the
system piping.

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66. DELUGE PIPES SYSTEM

WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS
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67. DELUGE SYSTEMS:
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 A deluge system issimilar toa Preaction system except
the sprinkler headsare open and the pipe is not
pressurized with air. Deluge systemsareconnected to a
watersupply through adelugevalve that isopened by
theoperation of a smokeor heatdetection system. The
detection system is installed in the samearea as the
sprinklers. When thedetection system isactivated
waterdischarges through all of the sprinkler heads in
thesystem. Deluge systemsare used in places thatare
considered high hazard areas such as power plants,
aircraft hangars and chemical storage or processing
facilities. Deluge systemsare needed where high
velocity suppression is necessary to prevent fire spread

68. DELUGE SYSTEMS:
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 Deluge System with Electricactuated

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75. DELUGE SYSTEMS:
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 Deluge System with wet pilotactuated

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82. DELUGE SYSTEMS:
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 Deluge System with Dry pilotactuated

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