1. Soran University
Faculty of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
Essay
Title: Alloys and industrial
application
Tutor: Mohammad Amin Esmail molud
Prepared by; Mohammad Latef Hussein
Group number: 5
2. This essay will Discuss about an Alloys and using them in the industrial, at first we
Defined alloy. An alloy is a metal (parent metal) combined with other substances
(alloying agents), resulting in superior properties such as; strength, hardness, durability,
ductility, tensile strength and toughness. The parent metal is the majority of the alloy.
For example, mild steel is 0.1 - 0.3% Carbon and 99.9 - 99.7% Iron. Alloys are sometimes
described as a mixture of two or more metals. However, this is misleading, as often
alloys are composed of just one metal, as well as other non-metal elements. Cast iron is
an example, as it is a combination of iron (metal) and carbon (non-metal). Metal alloys
have specific enhanced properties compared to their ‘parent’ metals.
We have a common alloys particularly brass alloy of copper and zinc with specialty
malleable with acoustic properties that make it perfect for use in musical instruments;
easy to cast. And Bronze alloyed of copper and Tin with Utilized Hard and tough, bronze
is Used in the manufacture of coins, springs, turbines, and blades; lower melting point
that steel or iron; typically heavier than steel. Steel alloyed of iron and carbon and
specialty is A mixture of different metals, such as iron and carbon; used in buildings,
tools ships, automobiles, machines, appliances, weapons, and more. And stainless steel is
alloyed by steel and chromium and these properties is Corrosion, rust, and mostly stain
resistant; many different grades of stainless steel; used in cookware, surgical instruments,
and industrial equipment. And finally alloy we mentioned is Tool steel is alloyed by
Carbon and Tungsten and Manganese, and the properties of tool steel is Hard and
resistant to abrasion, as well as being able to hold a cutting edge; used to make hand
tools and in the injection molding process. In the Universe we have too many alloys
material except in this.
We like to discuss about using steel. Steel is itself an alloy of iron and carbon. Iron is a
very brittle metal, likely to break or snap if it receives a sudden blow/shock. Adding the
alloying agent carbon , gives the new alloy the property of toughness and tensile
strength. Steel can be used in the construction industry for bridges and large buildings.
3. A bridge manufactured only from the parent metal, iron, would eventually collapse due
to its inability to absorb shocks/blows.
Still have many industrial application for instance in using bridge manufacturing.
The steel bridge possesses the property of toughness and tensile strength, alloying it to
absorb the vibrations caused by cars and Lorries. The bridge will last a hundred years or
more, if maintained properly. But if we made this bridge from the metal iron, due to the
vibration caused by traffic crossing from one side to the other. Iron does not possess the
property of toughness or tensile strength to the required standard. Therefore, it will not
absorb vibration.
Will conclude by saying that Cast steel alloys provide a wide range of options. With cast steel,
engineers can design components to increase different performance Particularities, such as
corrosion resistance and wear resistance through alloying and heat treatment. Mechanical
properties, such as strength and elongation, also can be adjusted. When purchasing parts,
supplying a part design with material and requirements is important, there are three keys to
selecting the right steel casting alloy for optimized performance and cost. One, utilize the
geometry of the steel casting to uniformly carry the loading. Secondly, start with carbon steel
for most applications, modify the heat treatment and then add alloying elements to improve
properties. Finally, engineers should know the design limit for an application and work with a
metal casting facility to design the part and select a material.
4. References:
1-Blair, M. and Stevens, T.L. eds., 1995. Steel castings handbook. ASM International.
2- Habashi, F. ed., 2008. Alloys: preparation, properties, applications. John Wiley & Sons.
