2. • THE WORD ROBOTICS IS USED TO COLLECTIVILY
DEFINE A FIELD IN ENGINEERING THAT COVERS
THE
MIMICKING
OF
VARIOUS
HUMAN
CHARACTERISTICS.
• SOUND CONCEPTS IN MANY ENGINEERING
DISCIPLINES IS NEEDED FOR WORKING IN THIS
FIELD
3. • Speed.
• It can work hazardous/dangerous
•
•
•
•
environment.
To perform repetitive task.
Efficiency
Accuracy
Adaptability
4. What is a Robot ?
“A re-programmable, multifunctional
manipulator designed to move
material, parts, tools, or specialized devices
through various programmed
motions for the performance of a variety of
tasks.”
7. A robot must have the following essential
characteristics:
Mobility: It possesses some form of mobility.
Programmability: It can be programmed to
accomplish a large variety of tasks. After being
programmed, it operates automatically.
Sensors: on or around the device that are able to
sense the environment and give useful feedback to
the device.
Mechanical capability: enabling it to act on its
environment rather than merely function as a data
processing or computational device (a robot is a
machine).
Flexibility: it can operate using a range of programs
and manipulates and transport materials in a variety
of ways.
8. o Structure
o Power source
o Actuation
o Sensing
o Manipulation
o Locomotion
o Controller
9. STRUCTURE
• The structure of a robot
is usually mostly
mechanical and can be
called a kinematic chain.
• The chain is formed of
links (its bones),
actuators (its muscles),
and joints which can
allow one or more
degrees of freedom
10. POWER SUPPLY
• Suitable power supply is needed
to run the motors and associated
circuitry
• Typical power requirement
ranges from 3V to 24V DC
• 220V AC supply must be
modified to suit the needs of our
machine
• Batteries can also be used to run
robots
11. • Actuators are the "muscles"
of a robot, the parts which
convert stored energy into
movement.
• The most popular actuators
are electric motors.
12. SENSORS
Sensors are the parts that act
like senses and can detect
objects or things like heat and
light and convert the object
information into symbols or in
analog or digital form so that
computers understand. And
then Robots react according to
information provided by the
sensory system
13. MANIPULATOR
• Robots which must work in the
real world require some way to
manipulate objects; pick up,
modify, destroy, or otherwise
have an effect.
• Thus the 'hands' of a robot are
often referred to as end
effectors, while the arm is
referred to as a manipulator.
14. LOCOMOTION
• It is concerned with the
motion of the robot.
• Robot contains different
types of drives:o Differential drive
o Car type
o Skid steer drive
o Synchronous drive
o Pivot drive
o Articulated drive
15. MOTORS
Robots are driven by different motors : DC Motors
Stepper Motors
Servo Motors
16. • DC Motors
o As
the name
suggests, a motor
which uses a DC
(Direct Current)
power
o Can run in both
directions
o Speed Controllable
17. • Stepper Motors
Used for measured
rotation
o Can be held at a
particular position of
the shaft
o Ideal for many
autonomous robots
requiring higher
precision
o
18. • Servo Motors :
o
o
Used in closed loop
control systems in which
work is the control
variable.
An integral feedback
device (resolver) or
devices (encoder and
tachometer) are either
incorporated within the
servo motor or are
remotely mounted, often
on the load itself
19. CONTROLLER
Controllers are programmable,
cheap, small, can handle abuse,
require almost zero power, and
there are so many varieties to suit
every need. This is what makes
them so useful for robotics - they
are like tiny affordable computers
that you can put right onto your
robot.
20. • Revolution in Medical science and Health
care systems.
• New & wide scope in Education & Training.
• A good help in Nuclear industry.
• Used tremendously in Sports activities.
• Play the role of an efficient assistance in
Research and Development sciences.
• Can very well handle household business.
21. • Scientists say that it is possible that a robot brain
will exist by 2019 .
• Vernor Vinge has suggested that a moment may
come when computers and robots are smarter than
humans.
• In 2009, some robots acquired various forms of
semi-autonomy, including being able to find power
sources on their own.
