This presentation is about Indian climate, effects of climate change on India and initiatives of Govt. of India in this regard.

1. Climate Change and Sustainable Development : Indian Perspective
Mandeep Poonia
Junior Research Fellow(JRF)
Deptt. of Humanities and Sciences(HAS)
YMCA University of Science and Technology-121006
Faridabad(Haryana)

3. Position
6807’E
97025’E
804’N
3706’N

4. India contains all major physical
Features of the earth
Soil variations due to differences of
Rock formation
Mountains
PlainsDesert
Plateau
Islands
Alluvial Deposits
Coastal Regions

5. Size
2,933 Km
7th largest with 90.08% Land
And 9.92% water

6. • The Mountains : sources of water and forest wealth.
• The Northern Plains : granaries of the country.
• The Plateau : storehouse of minerals.
• The Coastal Regions and Islands : sites for fishing and
port activities.

8. Drainage System of North India
Himalayan Rivers perennial
Flow towards Bay of Bengal

9. Peninsular Rivers

11. Position influences Climate

12. 1. Tropical Wet Climate
• Tropical Monsoon Climate –
Western ghats, Southern
Assam, Ganga Delta
Lakshadweep and the
Andaman and Nicobar
Islands.
• Tropical wet and Dry - most of
peninsular India
2. Tropical Dry Climate
• Tropical Semi-arid Climate - Karnatka,
inland Tamilnadu, western and central
Andhra Pradesh, Maharastra.
• Arid Climate (Hot Desert Climate) –
Western Rajasthan.
• Tropical and Sub-tropical Climate –
Haryana and Punjab
3. Sub-tropical Humid
Much of North –east
and North India.
4. Mountains
Northernmost Areas
Indian Climate is strongly Influenced by Thar Desert and Himalayan Mountains

13. Winter
• From Dec. to March
• Sun’s vertical rays move
south of the equator.
Summer(Pre-monsoon)
• From April to July.
• vertical rays of the sun
reach to the tropic of
cancer.
Monsoon
• From July to Sept.
• Southwest Monsoon rainfall
across the entire country.
Post- Monsoon
• The season of retreating
monsoon.
• The North-east Monsoon

14. Related to Location
and Relief
Related to Air Pressure
and Wind
•Latitude
•Altitude
•Relief
•Distance from Sea
•The Himalayan Mountains
•Distribution of Land and Water
• Surface Pressure and wind
• Upper air circulation.
• Western disturbances.

15. and Its Effects

16. Global Warming due to climate change lead to :
 Flood
 Droughts
 Forest Fire
 Food Scarcity
 Loss of Biodiversity.
 change in seasons spread of diseases.
 Cyclones
 Rising temp. cause Ice to melt which lead
to sea level rise, threat to coastline etc.
Some Facts about climate change :
 Temp. inc. by 0.60C in 20th century
 Eleven out of twelve hottest years are within 1995-2006
 Inc. in Carbon dioxide conc. of 1.9ppm annually after 1995.
 Conc. of methane inc. from 700ppb in 1750 to 1745ppb at present.
 Nitrous oxide from 270ppb to 314ppb whereas CFC increased from zero to 553 ppb.
 Rising of temp. to 30C will lead to melting of all ice on earth surface and sea level upto
15 feet.
 Existence of large cities like Venis, Bankok, Sanghai, Kolkata and Dhaka will be in danger

18.  Rise of sea level threat long coastline(7.1 million people).
 Production of wheat, rice dec.
 Natural disasters like cyclone, floods, and drought will inc. in freq.
as well as intensity.
 Precipitation patterns affected (Monsoon-ENSO).
 Temp. rise in Tibetan Plateau cause glaciers to retreat(threat to all
river systems)
 Ecological disasters(coral bleaching)
 Shifting in growing season of crops.
 India’s GDP decline by 9% by climate related factors(weak or late
monsoon etc.)
 Impacts on water supply for agriculture etc.

20. Briefing of all Actions taken :
 Give special force by adding Climate Change to the ministry name.
 From past time our country is actively participated in all environment
protection and climate change negotiations initiatives.
 In 1976, by the 42nd amendment add article 48(A) and 51A(g) to protect
environment and climate.
 National Action Plan on Climate Change
 National Missions to combat Climate Change.
 Prime Minister’s Council on Climate Change.
 Climate Change, Clean Tech., energy efficiency research.
 National Clean Energy Fund.
 State Action Plan on Climate Change
 Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025
 Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment
 Work on its INDC
 New Missions to boost response to climate change

21. National Action Plan on Climate Change(NAPCC)
 Launched on June 30, 2008 by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
 It has eight core “National Missions” running through 2017 aiming at achieving
high economic growth while addressing climate change effectively.
 The eight National Missions are :
1. National Solar Mission.
2. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency.
3. National Mission on Sustainable Development.
4. National Water Mission.
5. National Mission for sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem.
6. National Mission for a “Green India”.
7. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture.
8. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.
 Other Programs include : Power Generation, Renewable Energy, Energy
Efficiency.
 Implementation by Ministries with lead responsibility for each of the mission and
monitoring by prime minister’s council on climate change.

22. • Objective is to Establish India as global Leader in Solar Energy.
• The 1st phase (2012-13) aim at low- hanging options in solar
thermal(off-grid and capacity building in grid based system.
• In the 2nd phase(2013-17) and 3rd phase (2017-22) capacity ramped
up.
• Targets upto 2022 :
 20,000 MW of solar power
 Off-grid upto 2,000 MW
 20 million sq. meters of solar thermal.
 20 million solar lighting system for rural.
• Allocation of INR 8,795 crore for 12th five year plan(2012-17)
• Implementation status – installed 2,970 MW of grid connected,
364MW of off-grid, installed 8.42 million sq. meters of solar
thermal collectors.

23. • To achieve growth with ecological sustainability through cost
effective and energy efficient strategies.
• Mission Targets : Perform, Achieve and Trade(PAT), Market
Transformation for energy efficiency, Energy Efficiency Financing
Plateform(EEFP), Framework for Energy Efficient Economic
Development(FEEED).
• Savings about 23 million tonnes of oil equivalent yearly upto 2015.
• 19,000 MW added capacity and 98.55 million tonnes carbon
emission reduction.
• Total Budgetary requirement upto 2017 is INR 190 crore
• Immplementation- PAT cycle 1 in 478 plants in 8 energy intensive
industrial sectors, 2.58 million LED bulbs (cost less from 500 Rs. To
204 Rs.)
• Super efficient ceiling fans introduced

24.  To promote sustainability of habitats through-
i. Improvements in energy efficiency in buildings
ii. Urban planning.
iii. Improved management of solid and liquid
waste(recycling,power generation)
iv. Shift towards public transport.
 Requirements of INR 950 crore, met by Jawaharlal Nehru
National Urban Renewable Mission(JNNURM)
 IMPLEMENTATION- Energy conservation building code
2007 mandatory ,50 capacity building programmes, long
term transport plans for cities, sanctioned 760 water
supply projects having cost INR35,650 crore by JNNURM

25.  To conserve water, minimise wastage, ensure equitable
distribution(integrated water resource development and
management)
 Prepare water database and assess impact of climate on
water resources
 Focused attention to vulnerable areas
 Inc. water use efficiency by 20 %.(basin level apporoach)
 Requirements of INR 89,101 crore(196 crore approved)
 Implematation – revised national water policy(2012),
created 1,082 new ground water monitoring wells, several
capacity building and training programs underway.

26.  To transform agriculture into ecologically sustainable
climate.
 Rainfed Area Development- adopt an area apporoach.
 On Farm water management
 Soil health management
 Climate change and sustainable agriculture(monitoring
,modelling, networking, lab to land(per drop more crop
etc).
 Require support of INR 1,08,000 crore(13,034 crore
approved)
 Implementation – developed 11000 ha of degraded land, 1
million brought under micro-irrigation, created 5.4 million
metric tonne agricultural storage capacity.

27.  To manage and safeguard Himalayan glaciers and mountain
ecosystem for their sustainability.
 Creation of a fund(approx. INR 1,650 crore) to develop
capacity to sustain Himalayan ecosystem.
 Establishment of a state of Art National Centre for
Himalayan Glaciology.
 10 new centres in existing institutions with special
mechanism, Annual states report preparation
 100 expert identification and training in areas of sustain
Himalayan ecosystem(including 25 Glaciologists)
 Require INR 1,695 crore(500 crore approved)
 Implemantation- 6 new centre in existing institution
established, created and establish operational network.

28.  Adaptation and mitigation measures in enhancing carbon
sinks in sustainably managed forests and other ecosystems.
 Inc. forest/tree cover over 5 million ha land and improve
forest cover on another 5 million ha.
 Improve ecosystem services over an area of 10 million
ha(biodiversity, hydrological services etc)
 Enhance annual carbon dioxide sequestration by 50 to 60
million tonnes in the year 2020.
 Require INR 46,000 crore(13,000 approved)
 Implementation – preparatory activities underway in 27
states, 11 Indian states submit perspective plan covering 33
landscapes and area of 85,000 ha.

29. To identify the challenges and the responses to climate
change through research and technology.
Formation of well defined knowledge networks.
Development of suitable tech. and assit other agencies
in the implementation of NAPCC.
REQUIRE INR 2,500 crore (from existing scheme of
Deptt. Of Science and Tech.,GOI
IMPLEMENTATION- established 12 thematic knowledge
networks, develop 3 regional climate models, trained
75 high quality climate change professionals.

31. National Clean Energy Fund
 Created in 2010 to promote clean energy.
 The collection of fund by a cess of INR 50
per tonne of coal produced domestically
imported.
 It is increased to INR 100 in July 2014 and
INR 200 in March 2015.
 It raised to USD 2.85 billion for India’s Clean
Energy Funding.
State Action Plan on Climate Chanage
 In Aug. 2009, For realisation of NAPCC
at sub-national level.
 around 30 states prepared their SAPCCs
 a combined budgetary requirement of
11.32 Lakh crore assessed for
implementation SAPCC

32. Auto Fuel Vision and Policy 2025(Initiative from 2001)
 in Dec. 2012 the GOI constituted an expert committee for drafting Auto Fuel
Vision and Policy 2025
 the expert committee submit its report in May 2015, and recommended a
roadmap for rolling out Bharat Stage – IV (BS – IV) equivalent to Euro-IV by 2017
and BS – V (Euro-V) by 2020 (recently GOI decided to Skip BS-IV, move direct to
BS-VI.
Fuel Consumption Standards for Cars
 issued on Jan, 2014 avg. fuel consumption of cars to be less than or equal to
5.49 Ltr./100 Km from 2016-17 and less than or equal to 4.77 Ltr./100 Km from
2020-21
 Introduction of these Stds. Lead to a reduction of 22.97 million tonnes of fuel
consumption by 2025.

33. Indian Network for Climate Change Assessment(INCCA)
 to enhance knowledge of impacts of climate change at the national and the
sub-national level INCCA launched in oct.,2009
 the programmes of INCCA includes
a. Black Carbon
b. Centre for advance studies
c. GHG inventory programme
d. Eco-system monitoring
e. Impact assessments.
Expert Group on Low Carbon strategies for inclusive growth was set up by the planning
Commission of India in 2010 to suggest low carbon pathways.

34.  It is the 4th largest GHG emitter, accounting for
5.8% of global emissions.
 India’s emissions increased by 67.1% between 1990-2012 and are
projected to grow 85% by 2030.
 Indian emissions are relatively low compared to those of major
economies. It accounts only 4% global cumulative energy related
emissions since 1850, compared to 16% and 15% of USA and China.
 India produces about 2 tons of carbon dioxide per capita compared
to 20 tons and 8 tons by USA and China.
 Coal 43.5% energy supply, biofuels and waste(24.7%),
Petroleum(22.1%), Natural Gas(6.7%), Hydropower(1.5%), Nuclear
(1.2%)

35.  India pledged under the Copehagen Accord to reduce its cabon intensity
(emissions per GDP) by 20-25% by 2020 compared to 2005 levels and it
appears to achieve that.
On Oct 1,2015 India formally submitted its INDC to the UNCCC Paris in Dec.,2015
which includes
 to reduce emissions by 30-35% by 2030 from 2005 level.
 to achieve 40% cumulative electric power from non-fossil fuel based energy sources
by 2030.
 to create an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide
equivalent by 2030 through additional forest and tree cover.

36. Renewable Energy Targets
 National Solar Mission original targets for 2017
- 27.3 MW Wind
-4 GW Solar
-5 GW biomass
-5GW other renewables
 For 2022
-20 GW Solar
-7.3 GW Biomass
-6.6 GW other renewables
 in Nov. 2014 ,GOI announced its solar ambition of 100 GW installed by 2022
 National Wind energy Mission plans to boost wind energy to 50,000 to 60,000
MW by 2022
Four New Missions to boost response to climate change
 National Wind Energy Mission
 Health Mission
 Coastal Resource Management Mission
 Waste to Energy Mission

37. India’s per capita emission in next 20 years is going to be less than developing countries
Avg. and India will never allow to inc . Per capita emissions to exceed that of developing
Countries - PM

38. Thus India is
applying its
potential to
combat climate
Change
and try to
minimize the
effects of
climate on its
level
With
international
cooperation