Peter Paul Rubens Raising Of The Cross Essay

Peter Paul Rubens Raising Of The Cross Essay
The piece that stood out to me the most from the readings was Peter Paul Rubens' The Raising of the
Cross. I believe the piece is a culmination of influences from his predecessors and contemporaries
and religious works of the Baroque period. I also see this work in particular as a very obvious
embodiment of emotional realist art, though with its own original and unique interpretation of the art
style. It is apparent that the Carracci brothers' Ceiling of Gallery inspired Rubens' work. From
studying their work, Rubens learned anatomical accuracy and realistic physical representations of
bodies. In Ruben's painting, the bodies depicted are all realistic and anatomically probable, a stark
contrast from early humanist work which illustrated huge, heroic, near science–defying bodies that
were more akin to mythology than actual beings. The figures in Rubens' work are certainly
idealized, with Christ being very muscular himself, but there is also believability to their depictions.
For example, the old woman on the side mourning Christ's crucifixion is thoroughly detailed, and
simply looks to be real, or something we would perceive in day–to–day life. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Caravaggio was known for his realistic, dramatic, emotion–evoking works, which is mirrored in
Rubens' The Raising of the Cross. Rubens' painting evokes a lot of emotions for the audience and
transcends classical art forms that simply evoked thoughts detached of emotion. Rubens' also
utilized a technique that Caravaggio popularized: tenebrism. In the Raising of the Cross, all
peripheral figures are dimmed and in the dark, while Christ, the focal point has a bright light cast
upon him, to draw viewers closer to Christ, literally and
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Daniel In The Lions Den Essay
Sir Peter Paul Rubens is the artist who created, "Daniel in the Lions' Den. This oil painting was
create on canvas it is said to be created from 1614 through 1616. This painting illustrates the story in
the bible called "Daniel in the Lions' Den". After spending night in a lion's den, he became a biblical
hero. The royal ministers did not approve of Daniel praying to god. So they threatened him and told
him that he must only pray to King Darius. Daniel disobeyed their orders and continued to pray to
god. The royal ministers persuaded King Darius to condemn Daniel and throw him in a den of lions.
The next morning king Darius went to the den and found Daniel still alive and praying to god. From
the history of this painting we learn why and what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They did this too excite anyone who was faithful to their religion. They felt as they could only truly
appreciate the suffering of Christ by going through similar scenarios. Rubens painted this piece to
draw emotional reaction from viewers. Daniel provided the perfect example of someone who was
sentenced to death for praying to god. He showed that through personal faith, endurance, strength,
and consistency; one could survive any condition. Rubens intentionally faced the lions towards the
viewers, he made them look life size and like they are actually moving around. He did this so that
we may feel as if we were in the same situation as

Anthony Van Dyck And His Influence During The Baroque Period
This essay focuses on Anthony Van Dyck and his influence during the baroque
period, his portrayal of people through portraiture and the work that focuses on depicting
religious and mythological paintings such as Daedalus and Icarus, around 1620. As well as
exploring his life and influence through portraiture.
The artist, Anthony Van Dyck known most notably for his impact within the
baroque period, around 1621–72. Was known for his portrayal in religious works as well as
his portraits. He was the pupil of Hendrick van Balen, a Flemish baroque painter and
stained–glass designer; this allowed him to flourish as an artist at such an early age. Soon
after, he became Peter Paul Rubens assistant; Rubens another ... Show more content on
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The baroque period was very important piece European art history, in which all
forms of art was changed under the influence of "religious and ideological movements of
the Catholic Counter–Reformation in Europe." (Sandywell, 1st Edition, 2011) This era
lasted from early 1600 to late 1800. The baroque period can also be broken down into two
sub categories: Italian baroque and Spanish baroque. The paintings during the baroque
period this time heavily focused on building and expanding their work on "naturalistic
tradition reestablished during the Renaissance" (Lagasse, 2017) specifically in ways art
was more focused on playing with depth and space. Letting the eye perceive something
with greater depth or space through the use of color manipulation. This really impacts the

viewer, and helps them receive a sense of emotion through art. Works had "A heightened
sense of drama was achieved through chiaroscuro", (Lagasse, 2017) playing with tints and
tones or lightness and darkness within a piece of painting. The added effect of depth
through colour was really thought out and changed art during this era. To create a realistic
piece that portrays emotion caught the attention of people. Compared to older works of art
that had been used for propaganda, building incredible structures, or to worship their God;
the

The Works Of Eugene Delacroix
Eugene Delacroix, born on April 26 1798, was a French painter who had a lot of influence on
Romanticism. He studied art at age 17 and academic painter, Baron Pierre–Narcisse Guerin,
mentored him. He learned from the romantic Landscapist and used some of their techniques. Early
on in his life, he demonstrated the influence that Michelangelo and Peter Paul Rubens, two excellent
artists, had on his painting. Delacroix intensely studied Michelangelo's modeling of figures and the
matter of life or death he brought to the canvas. He was also deeply affected by Rubens ' treatment
of color. Romantic artist play around with emotions, divinity found in nature and the sense of
creativity or imagination. He developed his own style over the years and had a unique approach with
color. His style was to show pain and suffering in his work through bright colored canvases which
exploded with energy.
Delacroix's use of color was influential in the development of Impressionist and also of Post–
Impressionist painting. His inspiration came mostly from historical or contemporary events or
literature, and also the visit to Morocco in 1832 provided him with further exotic subjects. Delacroix
Debuted at the Paris salon of 1822 where he exhibited his first painting Dante and Virgil in hell
which was inspired by Dante's Divine comedy but influenced by Michelangelo and Paul Peter
Rubens style as I said before. Later on, as his experience keep growing and his style maturing,
Delacroix painted "the

Brief Review Of The Sacrifice Of Isaac By Peter Paul Rubens
Touring at the Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, I got to see many paintings from different eras. The
area that interested me the most was the Baroque style. Specifically, the painting called "The
Sacrifice of Isaac" by Peter Paul Rubens which stands around 55 ½ x 43 ½ inches (Zarling, 2014). It
is an oil painting on wood panel was made in 1612–1613 Baroque period ("Peter Paul", n.d.). Since
the Counter–Reformation, the style of paintings has become more realistic and dramatic with light,
color and space. The Sacrifice of Isaac painting fits the baroque style because of the drama
represented. Therefore, the body positions of the characters makes it more theatrical. Such as,
Abraham in the red cloak is hunch over slightly looking up with a knife

Peter Paul Rubens
Born in 1577 in a small German town called Siegen, Peter Paul Rubens lived a successful life of an
artist. From birth he led a wealthy life with his father, Jan Rubens, from a family of spice merchants.
Jan was a successful lawyer in Antwerp before fleeing from the city to escape the religious war. His
life crumbled, however, when Jan died in 1587, leaving his wife to raise Peter and his brother and
sister. He left school at the age of thirteen to serve as a page. It was here that he had the opportunity
to copy prints from artist such as Durer and Holbein. He began formal classes in 1591 with Adam
van Noort in his studio. He then moved onto being an apprentice to Otto van Veen. Van Veen had
notable influence upon Rubens' early style. Van Veen

Baroque Vs. Baroque Renaissance
The style that followed the Renaissance is usually called 'Baroque'. 'But, while it is easy to identify
the earlier style by definite marks of recognition, this is not so simple in the case of Baroque.'
Baroque is considered to be 'one of the great periods of art history', and it is generally identified as
being developed by Caravaggio, Gianlorenzo Bernini and Annibale Carracci. The Baroque period
developed in Europe in around 1600, and it can be seen partly as a reaction against the intricate and
formulaic Mannerism that dominated the Late Renaissance. Nevertheless, to see Baroque as simply
being a reaction against Renaissance ideals and norms is simplistic. Modern scholarship has
identified within the Baroque clear signs of a return to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By synthesising these elements, I will establish how the Baroque can be distinguished from its
precursors.
The term 'Baroque', like many period designations, is not a complementary one. It had the
connotation of meaning 'bizarre taste' that does not follow the rules of the classical. This provides
one basic definition of the Baroque; its contrast to classicism, despite the fact that Baroque was a
reaction to, and an adaption of, the classical tradition. 'The word 'Baroque' was a term employed by
critics of a later period who fought against the tendencies of the seventeenth century, and wanted to
hold them up to ridicule. Baroque really means... grotesque, and it was used by men who insisted
that the forms of classical building should never have been used or combined except in the ways
adopted by the Greeks and Romans...'
After the idealism of the Renaissance, and the slightly 'forced' nature of Mannerism, Baroque above
all reflected the religious tensions of the age– notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome (as
annunciated at the Council of Trent) to reassert itself in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.
Thus, Baroque art became synonymous with the Catholic Counter–Reformation. Baroque art in
Catholic nations reflected the desire of Emperors and monarchs to strengthen their political position
and glorify their own divine grandeur. By comparison, Baroque art in

Peter Paul Rubens Prometheus Bound
As a child, I traveled to Europe and visited various museums that housed numerous famous
paintings. I remember walking into museums and not understanding anything, I could never actually
understand the sheer brilliance behind these works of art. Now, after taking this Art History course, I
can safely say that I understand and appreciate art a lot more. I would love to go visit all those
museums again, just to see the art works from a completely different perspective. When I saw the
Sistine Chapel a few years ago, I thought it was absolutely beautiful, but I didn't really know what
the paintings stood for therefore seeing it now would be a completely different experience. After
visiting the Philadelphia Museum of Art, there was one painting that really stood out for me,
Prometheus Bound by Peter Paul Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens too was a Flemish born artist, who was born in Germany and was known for the
Baroque style, which is a type of European architecture. This painting was one of the leading
examples of Baroque art. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The color and lighting used in this painting help heighten and bring out the emotions that are being
shown. This particular method, known as 'chiaroscuro,' interplays light and dark shades to give more
meaning to the subject. The illumination of Prometheus highlights his goodness and purity as
compared to the darker tones that are used in the depiction and the background of the eagle
characterizing it's evil and morbid nature. Additionally, Prometheus is clad only a blue and white
cloth. Traditionally blue has always been the color of protection, used to ward off evil, and white is
known as the color of purity. The apparent break of dawn in the backdrop could also depict hope,
perhaps in some way foreshadowing Prometheus' eventual rescue by

Faceton Museum
Over the spring break, my parents decided to take me to visit colleges. Of the two colleges we
visited, one of them is located near Washington D.C. We were supposed to visit Georgetown
University, but we had one day to relax, so my family decided to visit the National Gallery of Art.
My dad originally suggested the Smithsonian Museum, but my said that on Yelp, the National
Gallery of Art was ranked 1st in museums in Washington, which is much better than Smithsonian,
which was ranked 12th. So, we left our hotel and arrived at the museum just as soon as it opened.
The National Gallery of Art, funded by the government, had free admissions. In addition to free
admission, there were free audio tours that you could sign up for. Basically, you would give the man
at the desk a valuable item (e.g., your driver license, I.D., credit card) and, in exchange, he gave you
this device that sort of looked like an old flip phone. In order for the device to work, you would go
to specific paintings and punch in the numbers that should be shown next to the title of the piece.
You would then bring the device up to your ears as it plays an audio clip mostly explaining ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The color scheme of the piece could be called monochromatic. A large majority of the piece is
simply the different shades of brown and orange that are used for the lions and the rocks. However,
Sir Peter Rubens decides to add a bright red colored cloth behind Daniel in order to add variety and
interest to the viewer. With the use of all the elements of design, Sir Peter achieved various other
principles of design. Balance, for instance, is established through the placement of the forms in the
piece. Although more lions are on the left side of the piece, the lions on the right are much more
bigger than the left, with more details and also more action to their forms as well. The main figure,
Daniel, is also not entirely centered, which helps balance the painting

Peter Paul Rubens Massacre Of The Innocents
Religious imagery has been a staple in artistic culture throughout history. It has been used to
communicate ideals and concepts to communities while encouraging the worship of a holy being.
Often, it also represents certain important qualities of the artist responsible for the making. In terms
of Catholicism, biblical scenes have been painted, sculpted, and repeatedly represented artistically in
order to provide a strictly visual representation of what many believe is God's word. The content
that is displayed in these works is often graphic in order to convey the intensity and importance of
what is being shown. It is important that viewers see and understand the brutality of certain sacred
events so as to educate themselves and to prevent themselves from committing or supporting any
correlated evils. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A particularly vivid scene is displayed in Peter Paul Rubens' first portrayal of the slaughter of many
innocent civilians of Bethlehem. The Context of Peter Paul Reuben's Massacre of the Innocents
serves as an expression the artist's identity through the historical content that he has chosen to paint,
through the obvious influences of the techniques used in the creation, and the artist's intention when
creating the piece. Each of these components speaks to who Rubens' is as an artist and as a person.
An artist's work is an acceptable expression of their identity because each piece is a reflection their
beliefs, a reflection of their influences and who they look up to, and also a reflection of their own

Peter Paul Rubens The Consequences Of War
In 1638, Peter Paul Rubens painted The Consequences of War as an allegory for the mood in Europe
towards the Thirty Years War. The Thirty Years War was a series of wars throughout Europe that
decimated cities and cultures. The wars were mainly due to a feud between Protestants and
Catholics after the Counter–Reformation. The wars began in 1618 and lasted until 1648, so Rubens
work of art, The Consequences of War, couldn't have come at a more powerful or influential time.
Furthermore, Flanders, the location where Rubens lived at the time, was in the midst of the war.
Flanders was its own army at the time, and there were numerous horrific battles in the area, which
brought out chaos amongst the Flanders citizens. Everyone was frightened for their ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is around 6 feet tall and 12 feet long which makes some of the more prominent figures around 5
feet tall. The mood created and the size are two very Baroque aspects that Rubens includes in order
to make the viewer feel connected to the work of art more. Additionally, each figure tells their own
story, but each of their individual stories adds to the overall theme. First, there is a woman figure on
the far left who is a personified version of Europe. The woman is in despair, flailing her arms up,
and has tears in her eyes. This represents the mood of all the European citizens throughout the
Thirty Years War, and if a viewer looks at her they would feel connected on an emotional level.
Next, there is Venus who is desperately trying to hold back her lover Mars from inevitably going to
war. Venus is portrayed as a beautiful, nearly nude figure who is highlighted with lots of light.
Rubens includes lots of diagonals to show movement in the image, and to show how the story being
told is not over– another very Baroque characteristic. Another crucial figure is Mars, the God of
War. Mars is headed off to war, being pulled by Fury

San Velazquez 's Las Meninas
Kim 1
Diego Velázquez 's Las Meninas
Las Meninas by Diego Velázquez is depicted as a group portrait of Spanish King Philip IV (8 April
1605 – 17 September 1665) at the Habsburg court. The painting well demonstrates Velázquez 's
painting techniques that can be recognized by dramatic mood, rich color and extreme contrast
between light and dark. It is absolutely extraordinary and implies influences Velázquez has had,
especially Flemish Baroque realism. Velázquez had a deeper ambition in his mind when creating this
masterpiece. He wanted to earn the title that can ensure him a high position in society. So, Velázquez
had this desire for an aristocratic title better than any other single court positions he could get.
Diego Velázquez was born in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Greatest Works of Art of Western Civilization. New York: Artisan, 1997., 226
. Velázquez used refined techniques and composition so effectively to create this masterpiece
describing the presence of the royal family. To create such a high–class art, he emphasized his
techniques and ability by reflecting reality in the painting. A clear and description of the royal court,
Las Meninas is a masterpiece that demonstrates both Velázquez 's skill as a painter and the
complexities of human intellectualism. The figures are painted near life–sized to show many things;
overwhelming realism, complexities, and symbolism.
The painting is oil on canvas completed in 1656. At first, the painting was called El Cuadro de la
Familia in seventeenth–century the Royal Palace at Madrid Martin, John Rupert. Baroque. New
York: Harper & Row, 1977., 337
. The main focal point is Infanta Margarita Maria, the royal princess who stares the audience from
the middle of the painting. Around her are two of the Queen 's maids of honor, Dona Maria
Augustina on the left and Dona Isabel de Velasco on the right. There are two older people behind the
princess, Dona Marcela de Ulloa and Guarda Damas. There is also Velázquez himself standing back
of the easel. He indicates his privilege by putting himself in the painting. All these people in the

Analysis of the Triumph of Divine Love
The art piece that I selected for my analysis is called The Triumph of Divine Love by Peter Paul
Rubens. The artwork is an oil painting on canvas, circa 1625. This piece of art was commission by
Isabella Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain and Portugal. The Triumph of Divine Love was one of
eleven art pieces in a series portraying the Eucharist cycle, an important issue in the Catholic–
Protestant strife. Its purpose was to aid in the Catholic Reformation and the artwork was to be
displayed at the Convento de las Descalzas Reales in Madrid. (Ringling Museum n.d.)
The scene it portrays shows a woman holding an infant while she stands on a chariot drawn by two
lions. Surrounding her in the air and around her feet are sixteen angels or ... Show more content on
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There are also several doves at the bottom of the painting, presumably indicating purity and perhaps
symbols of love as well. (Wall Text 2012) The focal point of the painting is the woman with infant.
This is shown by the lighting in the painting being directly on her, the bright red that she is wearing,
and the circling of the putti around her figure along with the majority of their gazes being directed at
her. The bright light directly behind her and the infant could possibly be coming from the sun behind
the clouds in the sky, the putti to her upper right holding the torch, or it could be symbolic in that it
is the infant's halo and representative of his divine nature. The overall piece is not overly dark but
the lighting seems to be most focused on the woman, infant, her other children, and the flying putti.
This is an example of tenebrism. The flying putti are shown in a ring around the woman, some
holding hands. Some have feathered wings; others have either insect or fairy–like wings. They all
seem to have individual faces and expressions and all express happiness. The putti are contorted in
different positions as they fly in the air, and Rubens uses foreshortening with the limbs to achieve
this and show movement and action in the piece, especially with the two putti directly above the
woman's head and the back of their feet showing to the viewer. He also uses chiaroscuro to give the
putti volume shown by the lighting

Peter Paul Rubens Dichotomy
Peter Paul Rubens is known as one of the great artists of the Baroque period. Notorious for his
paintings of religious scenes, mythology, and portraits, his style is easily recognizable through his
portrayal of large, pale, nude women (Johnson 144, 145). In his painting, Diana and Her Nymphs
Departing for the Hunt, Rubens positions Diana, a goddess in Roman mythology, at the forefront of
the piece partially topless, reflecting her fertility and sexuality; meanwhile in the background a
confrontation between a nymph and satyr display the conflict between nakedness and nudity, male
and female, and obscene and control. Diana is the Roman goddess of the moon, the hunt,
childbearing, and chastity. According to the Cleveland Museum of Art, different ... Show more
In the article, "Erotic Ambiguities: The Female Nude in Art," Helen McDonald, graduate of fine arts
at University of Melbourne, argues that the difference between nude and naked can be simplified to
the difference between "privilege form over matter, male over female, and art over obscenity"
(McDonald 61). In order for the naked body to "survive as art," Rubens must "discipline" and
"regulate" the body (McDonald 61). In the painting, Diana and her nymphs are nude as opposed to
naked because they are bounded by clothes and their body movements seem controlled. However,
the satyr is naked instead of nude because his motions appear erratic and forceful, not within
bounds, and the nymph is trying to control him. Diana, the goddess of the hunt, epitomizes control
in the photo not just through her body language but because she has the power to tame wild animals,
which is illustrated with her interaction with the dogs in the painting. Additionally, Nicole Sault in
"The Savage Body" claims that a "savage" can be distinguished through "his nakedness" and that
savages are typically portrayed as males until they have been controlled, in which they are depicted
as female (Sault 4). The male satyr is a clear representation of a savage through his bare, partially
animalistic body, while Diana is noticeably calm and composed. The

An Analysis Of David Slaying Goliath By Peter Paul Rubens
"David Slaying Goliath" by Peter Paul Rubens is an example of Renaissance art. This painting
depicts a well–known Bible story of a young Israelite boy named David who kills the giant, Goliath,
with a slingshot, and chops off his head with a sword. Rubens has chosen to illustrate this Bible
story at the moment when David is about to hack off Goliath's head with the giant's sword. In
addition, we see armor–clad soldiers rushing into battle in the background. In "David Slaying
Goliath," Peter Paul Rubens uses color, value, and line to illustrate the dynamism and energy within
the painting that makes it look realistic. In addition, these elements contribute to the sense of
excitement and anticipation of the event depicted. First of all, Rubens uses dark and light colors
throughout the painting to emphasize movement and fluidity. The most obvious use of movement
through color appears on David. David's bright red drapery is what draws our eyes in first because
David is the most important object in the painting. The different shades of red emphasize movement
because it accentuates the folds of the drapery, making it flow. The warmth of the red in his drapery
contrasting with the darkness of the ground gives off intensity and seriousness of the scene.
Furthermore, there is bright red blood on Goliath's forehead, where David struck him with a rock.
The red blood sticks out, making the scene a bit more realistic and exciting. The dark and light
colors used in the sky also shows

Peter Paul Rubens The Raising Of The Cross
I had a chance to search through and I was able to locate these two well know painter's during the
Baroque times. Peter Paul Rubens and Rembrandt van Rijn, Starting off with Peter Ruebens (23–26)
pg. 738, The Raising of the Cross is one in a progression of compositions taking into account the
torturous killing of Christ this painting was created by Peter Paul Rubens. This painting was created
somewhere around 1609 and 1610 with oil on canvas. It is currently shown in the Cathedral of Our
Lady in Antwerp, Belgium. He was a Flemish artist that painted in Baroque style, his artistic
creations were for the most part of religious and legendary inception and his expertise in such has
been profoundly respected in his lifetime and since. He was Born

Art Appreciation Unit 4 Ip Essay
From the Baroque Period through the Romantic Age
May 20, 2010
Unit 4 Individual Project
ART205–1002B–12
American InterContinental University
Abstract
During this assignment I will talk about three types of Work of Art from three different artists from
the Baroque period through the postmodern era. 1). Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio; 2)
Rembrandt van Rijn; and 3) Peter Paul Rubens, these three artists were known for their religious
theme in their art work. The naturalism that was visibly demonstrated in each of the artist work with
high contrast of lighting that noticeably appeared in these paintings. Each artist was well known and
respected for their work.
The three artists Works of Art that I have chosen are: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Until the late 19th century many biographers and art scholars deliberately ignored Caravaggio work.
Some people felt as if his work was to natural or just ordinary. (Sayre, 2010) His work of art was
characterized by displaying weakness or humankind. Sometime people had a difficult time trying to
figure out if his painting was religious or not. In fact the contrast in his paintings between light and
dark tones was evident in the spiritual content and its representation in the painting. (Sayre, 2010)
Caravaggio became ill on a beach in Port Ercole. Caravaggio passed away July 18, 1610 after
battling with malaria which he fought to overcome.
Rembrandt van Rijn: The Resurrection of Christ c. 1635–39 (Oil on Canvas)
Description of Rembrandt Work of Art
The Resurrection of Christ is from the Baroque period. This work of art portrays the sense of
dramatic antagonism that Caravaggio achieved by manipulating light across full range of tones,
changing the intensity and transforming its radiance this was done so that every beam and shadow
expressed a dissimilar emotional content. (Sayre, 2010) In Rembrandt painting he focused on using
emotional contrast between light and dark tones to emphasize the emotional difference. Here you
can see pure light radiating out of the tomb of darkness. Christ himself begins to rise from the tomb
in the light of true symbolic

Christ Triumphant Over Sin and Death by Peter Paul Ruben...
Christ Triumphant Over Sin and Death by Peter Paul Ruben
Man has been painting since the beginning of existence. In fact, it was one of the very first methods
of expression and communication ever used by humans. Art has been used to represent diverse kinds
of religion, beliefs, and points of from all around the world as a form of expression that could last
forever and speak every language. At this time I am going to refer to a specific form of art. This type
of art is painting. I am also going to refer to a particular painting. This distinct painting is titled
Christ Triumphant Over Sin and Death by Peter Paul Ruben (1577–1640) and is in the Columbus
Art Museum located in Columbus, Ohio. This painting of Christ Triumphant ... Show more content
Christ is sitting on top of a rock, holding a scepter in his left hand. This scepter is a symbol of power
and authority. There are two angels bringing crowns to Christ made of laurel flowers and there is
also an archangel bringing a vivid red cape for the lord. Right beside the angels you can see the fire
of hell in crimson and saffron bright colors. It is very easy to perceive the power that Christ holds
over all. Under his feet a snake seems to be slithering representing sin. Also beneath him there is a
skull representing death. The strengths for the painting are a perfect match between the title and the
artist representation. The background was made trying to get the attention of the viewer in Christ
and the objets around him, but it is almost impossible to describe the place. The colors of the
background are dark and out of focal point; what I think leaves up to the viewer imagination to
decide were it took place. It is very easy to understand the meaning of the painting but I cannot
make a real description of were it suppose to take place.
The idea of the painting seems to represent the difference between good and evil. It also seems to be
teaching us that in all situations goodness will persevere over evil. Peter Paul Ruben feeds us this
idea when he applies beaming active colors to the faces on the characters in the painting. He does
this in order to pull the observer into the overall theme of the piece.

Peter Paul Rubens ( 1577-1640 )
Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) painted The Raising of the Cross in 1609–1610, when he was about
the age of the martyred Christ. Until 1794, this colossal work (central panel: 460 x 340 cm, side
panels: 460 x 150 cm) was part of the high altar of the St. Walburgis Church, which was later
demolished. The painting was once taken away by the emperor when Napoleon ruled France.
However, the painting was returned to Antwerp in 1815, and it is located in the Our Lady's
Cathedral since 1816.
The whirling strength, the impelling dynamism that characterize this masterpiece full of drama and
pathos are striking. Nevertheless the whole presentation appears coherent and balanced. The
grunting, pushing, pulling, and lifting from the men to raise the cross showed great strength,
movement, and endurance to perform the task that caused "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" to
ask Almighty God to forgive them due to lack of knowledge.
Brief Biographical
Peter Paul Rubens (June 28, 1577 – May 30, 1640) was a prolific seventeenth–century Flemish
Baroque painter, and a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color,
and sensuality. (1) He is born in Siegen, Westphalia in Germany. He and his brother were sent to a
Latin school in Antwerp. Due to lack of money, Rubens' mother withdrew him from school in 1590
and sent him as a page to the Countess of Lalaing at the age of 13. She needed the extra money to
pay a dowry for his sister. Although his job was very prestigious,

Ip 4 Art
Baroque Period
Unit 4 IP
Art Appreciation
Nicole Woodford
American Intercontinental University
May 6, 2012
Abstract
"Baroque was born in Italy, and later adopted in France, Germany, Netherlands, and Spain. The
word "baroque" was first applied to the art of period from the late 1500s to the late 1700s, by critics
in the late nineteen century. Baroque covers a wide range of styles and artists. In painting and
sculpture we recognize three main forms of Baroque:
Baroque that was primarily associated with the religious tensions within Western Christianity:
division on Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. In response to the Protestant Reformation of the
early sixteen century, the Roman Catholic Church had embarked in the 1550s ... Show more content
Instead the wealth father welcomes his son back into the home. "The aged artist's power of realism
is not diminished, but increased by psychological insight and spiritual awareness. Expressive
lighting and colouring and the magic suggestiveness of his technique, together with a selective
simplicity of setting, help us to feel the full impact of the event." (Rembrandt's Prodigal Son, 2012).
Just like Caravaggio's art, Rembrandt's art had a biblical perspective with their art, that is displayed
with energy and feeling.
The rising of the cross by: Peter Paul http://static.artbible.info/large/rubens_oprichtig.jpg The rising
of the cross is also a religious baroque painting, the painting shows Jesus being risen up on the after
being crucified, the painting is filled with drama and power. The strong, tainted figures lug the ropes
in order to raise the cross, carrying the pale body of Jesus. drama and power. The strong, tainted
figures lug the ropes in order to raise the cross, carrying the pale body of Jesus. The influence of
Michelangelo and Tintoretto on Rubens is obvious in the muscular bodies. Peter Paul Rubens was a
renowned diplomatic artist.
All of the Baroque paintings

Essay about ART HISTORY 102
Color VS. Drawing Which is more important color or drawing? These two have always been fought
over for centuries by Poussiniste and Rubenistes. Two great pieces of art that were created in the
1600's are Peter Paul Rubens' The Caledonian Boar Hunt and Nicolas Poussin's Landscape with
Calm. While Rubens argues that color is the most important part of the painting Poussin argues that
the drawing is more important. In the paragraphs below I will talk about the paintings each
individually and then compare them. The first painting I will be talking about is Rubens' The
Caledonian Boar Hunt. This painting is a depiction of mythological event. The myth that is depicted
in this painting is when the goddess Diana sent a boar to punish King ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The painting shows man and nature in harmony. A clear sign that he focused mostly on drawing is
the geometric forms used in the painting. He used very calm tonality to give it the calmness. His
artwork and brushwork are very fluid and focused. This painting has no historical meaning because
this painting was after his transition from historical to landscape. Instead of telling a story it is
supposed to evoke a calm mood. The golden light contributes to its peacefulness. Now that I have
explained both paintings individually, in the following paragraph I will talk about their differences
and what makes them different. In this world there no two people who do something the exact same
way. Poussin and Rubens are no exception. In fact their almost complete opposites there are several
things that make them different. The first thing that makes the two paintings and artist differ is their
believe of which part of the painting is the most important , while Rubens believes that the color is
more important Poussin believes that the drawing is the more important part. The next subject that
makes them different is their brush work while Rubens has Energetic brushwork Poussin has fluid
and calm brushwork. The next difference is that while Rubens painting has a story and is about a
myth Poussin painting is just a simple landscape painting with no story. The final difference I saw
was that while Rubens painting was about a struggle

Peter Paul Rubens The Descent From The Cross
Peter Paul Rubens was one of the most well known and successful European artist from the 17th
century. He came to be what he is by achieving difficulties along the road. Rubens's art portrayed
religion, history, and mythology. He was known for works such as " The Descent from the Cross"
and " Wolf and Fox Hunt". But , one specific painting that caught my eye was " Christ on a Cross".
Christ on a cross was painted
Christ on a cross Rubens used oil on wood, and other necessities to paint this piece. The height is
169.898 inches and the length 122.441 inches. The colors that are used in the piece are somewhat
faded, but also somewhat bright.
The dull colors were smudged a little together on certain portions of the painting. The piece shows
Jesus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the top portion of the image, you see that Jesus and the two other individual simply have fabric
tied around their waists to cover their genitals. But one other has a different color of loincloth,
unlike the other two. I do not why one of them has a different color of loincloth. The soldiers also
have a metal vest with designs , you can see them if you look closely. Towards the middle of the
painting, Jesus body is the brightest out of all three. On the right bottom part of the painting, are the
Virgin Mary and St. John, they are looking to their left at what is unfolding before their eyes.
The roman soldiers in the painting can be seen riding brown and white horses. Some soldiers in the
painting appear to be armed with spears or other weapons. Towards the right bottom corner there is
a soldier with a strange weapon of some sort, looking like he is going to use it on the deceased
corpse of the crucified man on the right. To the bottom left there is a soldier sitting on a brown
horse, watching as the others do harm to the deceased corpse. On the bottom left, it shows that the
roman soldiers check whether or not the crucified are dead or

Unit 5 IPArt Appreciation AIU Online Essay
Unit 5 IP
September 28, 2013
Among the three artists Rubens, Caravaggio, and Rembrandt there have been many magnificent
works of art. There are many different similarities and differences within each Artists works,
aesthetic qualities and symbolic significance, as well as the artists' points of view for each work of
art. Rubens, (Peter Paul Rubens) "was a prolific seventeenth–century Flemish Baroque painter, and
a proponent of an exuberant Baroque style that emphasized movement, color, and sensuality. He is
well–known for his Counter–Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of
mythological and allegorical subjects." He began by visiting many famous artists and copying some
of their works of art to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both Caravaggio's and Rubens painting are grotesque and dramatic, yet a beautiful display of their
own imagery. (Caravaggio.org 2013) A writer named Walter Wallace gives an incredible and
justifying description of Rembrandt ( Rembrandt Van Rijn). He states "In life Rembrandt suffered
far more misfortune than falls to the lot of an ordinary man, and he bore it with the utmost
nobility.... The child of poor, ignorant Dutch peasants, Rembrandt was born with near–miraculous
skill in art. As an uneducated young man, he established himself in Amsterdam, married a beautiful,
wealthy, sympathetic girl named Saskia, and enjoyed a brief period of prosperity and fame.
However, because men of genius are always misunderstood by the public, fate snatched him by the
throat.... Rembrandt responded with a masterpiece, a fact unfortunately apparent only to him and his
wife. Everyone else, from the burghers to the herring–peddlers, thought the painting was dreadful.
Rembrandt's patrons hooted in rage and derision, demanding changes that the artist, secure in the
knowledge that posterity would vindicate him, stubbornly refused to make."(Wallace 1968) Like
Caravaggio and Ruben, his works could be just as realistic and gruesome, yet seem to take your
breath

The Art And Baroque Art Of Peter Paul Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens (b. Siegen, Germany, 1577; d. Antwerp, 1640) was a Flemish painter revered as
the most versatile and influential baroque artist of Northern Europe in the 17th century. Rubens's art
emphasizes the theory of artistic imitation, and blends features of the Italian High Renaissance and
Northern realism with elements from antiquity. Rubens specialized in making altarpieces, portraits,
landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects. In his painting Venus and
Adonis, mid–1630s, Rubens juxtaposed Ovid's "Metamorphoses" (book X) and Titian's Venus and
Adonis, 1553–1554, to generate his own invention that relies on his theories of artistic imitation.
Rubens painting is predominantly influenced by, but not modeled after Titian's piece, which he
copied in Madrid in 1629. Rubens was born in the German town of Siegen, in Westphalia. His
father, Jan Rubens, a lawyer and alderman of Antwerp, had fled the Spanish Netherlands in 1568
with his wife, Maria Pypelinckx, and four children to escape religious persecution for his Calvinist
beliefs. After Jan's death in 1587, the family returned to Antwerp, where young Peter Paul, raised in
his mother's Roman Catholic faith, and received a classical education. His humanist education
seriously began with his apprenticeship to Otto van Veen, with whom he probably worked with from
1594 to 1598. During this period, Antwerp developed into an important center for the Counter
Reformation due to a serious

Saturn Devouring His Son Research Paper
The Myth of Saturn Devouring His Son
The myth of Saturn devouring his son is a dark, morbid, and ghoulish story. The Greek Titan, Saturn
overthrew is father and married the goddess of fertility. Saturn then learned of a prophecy that one
of his sons would overthrow him like he did his father. He then became obsessed with thwarting the
prophecy. At the birth of each child, Saturn would devour the infant. Saturn's wife hid their last
child, Zeus, whom fully grown, fulfilled the prophecy and became ruler of the Olympians. There are
rumors that Saturn would get sexual pleasure out of consuming his children but that has never been
confirmed. Many artists over the years have painted this myth, putting their own creative twist on it.
Two very well–known artists who drew inspiration from the myth are Francisco Goya with his work
Saturn Devouring His Son (1819–1823) and Peter Paul Rubens' Title (1636)
Francisco Goya, (1746–1828) was a Spanish artist often is known to sometimes be called "the father
of modern art." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Saturn and the child are painted in bright colors in the center of the canvas to stand out from the
dark background. Saturn is holding a long metal tool that looks like a royal staff and like the scythe
of Death. The stars in the sky above him could be a sign of the planet named after him. The child in
his arms has his head thrown back screaming and the audience can see the horrified look on his face.
Saturn's head is down with a look of determination as he tears his son's flesh. Rubens paints the
flesh being torn off the child, and the viewer's eye is drawn directly there. Rubens highlights this
horrible act of cannibalism with realistic looking figures, and Saturn's total lack of remorse helps us
see how evil his act is. Saturn appears to be in control of the situation, and is choosing to destroy his
son to keep his

Prometheus : The Myth Of Prometheus
As legend dictates, the myth of Prometheus represents one of the most cruel and heartbreaking
depictions of what it means to betray authority in doing what one believes to be best. As the myth
goes, Prometheus was a Titan instrumental who was instrumental in shaping the human race. In
order to make man feel less vulnerable and weak, Prometheus decided to steal fire from the forges
of Hephaestus so that humans could create tools out of metal; he sought to empower humans in their
struggles with this gift. However, Zeus was angry with Prometheus for his transgression, and
therefore punished him by isolating him and chaining him to a rock, and sending an eagle each and
every day to peck out his liver for all of eternity (Cartwright). Stories like those of the Titan have
been captured via art throughout history. Both the Renaissance and the Baroque period referred back
to and paid homage to many classical elements of Greco–Roman culture through architecture,
sculpture, and painting. This classical influence, along with a renewed devotion to religion inspired
by the Counter–Reformation, used art to inspire emotion in the churchgoers' and the general public
audience. One of these artists was the Flemish artist Peter Paul Rubens, who painted both religious
and mythological scenes. One of his greatest works was a gigantic canvas representing the
punishment of Prometheus that was co–painted with his assistant, Frans Snyders. Rubens'
Prometheus Bound represents how mythological

Peter Paul Rubens Essay
In 1600, Peter Paul Rubens left his home in Antwerp, and he set off to Italy. Soon after arriving in
Italy, Ruben entered the service of the Duke of Mantua, Vincenzo Gonzaga.
The duke's palace had a great art collection, and Ruben found time to visit various other cities in
Italy since he wasn't expected to be at the household all of the time.
Rubens completed his education in Rome.
During Rubens' first visit to Rome, he painted 3 altarpieces for the Church of Sta Croce.
In 1603, Peter's duke sent Peter on a diplomatic mission to Spain where he made an equestrian
portrait of the Duke of Lerma.
In 1605, Rubens decided to stay in Rome for 3 years, and during this period of, he commissioned
and created various pieces of art and decoration.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Maria in Vallicella. At first, he created an altarpiece that showed St. Gregory, various other saints,
and Madonna and Child. The poor lighting in the church did not make a good impression of this
altarpiece. Then, Rubens decided to replace this altarpiece with three images painted on slate.
His mother's sickness and death would change Rubens' career forever. When Rubens heard that his
mother was sick, he left Italy to return to Antwerp, but he would never come back.
In Antwerp, the sovereigns, or rulers, of Spanish Netherlands appointed Ruben as court painter.
Archduke Albert and his consort, Isabella.
Rubens created the "Four Philosophers", and the humanistic atmosphere pf Antwerp helped to
inspire and influence the work of art. This painting is a commemorative one with Justus Lipsius
with 2 pupils being Rubens and his brother.
The "Raising of the Cross" meant for the church of St. Walburga, and this piece of art made him the
leading master of the city.

Soon after, Rubens created hunting pieces with men fighting beasts as well as more religious yet
worldly pieces of art such as "Descent From the Cross" and "Great Last

Peter Paul Rubens Research Paper
Life
Did you know Peter Paul Ruben had about 388 paintings and drawings all together? He painted and
drew pictures of queens and kings, self portraits, family portraits, and even religious thing. But at
the start he wasn't thinking of making this a successful career.
He was a Flemish man, known for his astonishing paintings and printmaking. Peters father, Jan
Rubens was married to a woman named Maria Pypelincks. Maria gave birth to Peters older sister
Christine rubens in 1571. Then six years later Jan Rubens had an affair with Anna of saxony, the
second wife of William l of orange. Jan went to court for it and was thrown in prison. Following Jan
Rubens imprisonment for the affair, Peter Paul rubens was born. Peter Paul Rubens passion was to
paint. He had said "My passion comes from the heavens, not from earthly musings." He was born on
June,28,1577 in Siegen, Nassau–dillenburg, Holy Roman Empire ( now known as North Rhine–
Westphalia)– and died on may,30,1640( age 64) Antwerp, Spanish Netherlands( now known as
Belgium). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rubens and Isabella Brandt, the Honeysuckle Bower, c. 1609. Alte Pinakothek
In 1610 the rubens moved into a studio house where he did most of his paintings. Life was better
than peter expected. He had his dream garden studio house and an amazing supportive wife. He had
everything he needed to fulfill his dream.
The garden designed by Rubens at the Rubenshuis in

A Comparative Visual Analysis : David Slaying Goliath
Reflection Paper: A Comparative Visual Analysis
This paper gives a comparative visual analysis of two artworks from the same period; "David
Slaying Goliath", by Peter Paul Rubens, c. 1616 and "The Sense of Touch", by Jusepe de Ribera, c.
1615–1616. Despite the fact that the artworks are from the same period, they are both unique in
terms of details and the themes they represent. This visual analysis compares and contrasts the way
in which the artists employed the different characteristics of the baroque movement to come up with
their unique compositions. "David Slaying Goliath, c. 1616 by Peter Paul Rubens" (Norton Simon
museum n.p)
David Slaying Goliath Ruben's painting is based on a religious theme. It shows the triumph of David
over the Philistine giant Goliath. The moment capture by Ruben is after the fall of Goliath. The
composition shows David in the act of severing the giant's head. He has his right foot on the dead
body of Goliath while his sword is raised behind his back, ready to fall on the neck of goliath. "The
Sense of Touch, c. 1615–1616, by Jusepe de Ribera" (Norton Simon museum n.p)
The Sense of Touch The theme of Jusepe's composition is based on senses. The composition depicts
a blind man holding a three dimensional sculpture with his left hand while he uses his right to
discern its features. On the foreground of the composition, the artist included a painting which can
be seen laying flat on the table.
Comparison and Contrast The Sense of Touch and

Comparison Of Mattias Grünewald And Peter Paul Rubens
What could be the difference between the art influences with 100 years? Mattias Grünewald and
Peter Paul Rubens are artists from two different eras. Both were influenced their work with the
Catholic religion. The two have painted very similarly alters that are both of the crucifixions of
Christ. They both show how much pain and agony with the way they portrayed their Christ.
Mattias Grünewald a German artist born in 1475 in the city of Wurzburg, Germany. He was widely
known as the greatest German Renaissance artist no matter what century for his religious paintings
and drawings. He gave the audiences a visionary experience seeing how intense the expressionism
and color attributed to his works. We can only find 10 pieces associated to Grünewald with the
earliest dated from 1503 so in his late 20's is when we start to see his art pieces. Mr. Grünewald
didn't always follow the rules of Renaissance art he would lean more towards the late medieval
period. In Germany, there was German Renaissance movement that advanced throughout the
Germans but was divided by politics and religion which caused some of them to go into Italy to
view where it was originated from and to get more knowledge of all the Italian Renaissance. ...
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Guido Guersi commissioned the Isenheim altarpiece for the main altar at the Monastery. This
Monastery was designed for monks who were ministered to people who were patients affect
specifically those who had suffered from the plague as well as other treatment for skin diseases.
They were also specialized ergotism was a common skin disease that was very painful like burning
sensation throughout the body that was caused by rye fungus. The altar was sculpted by Niklaus
Hagenauer which contained three saints and 6

Research Paper On Peter Paul Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens, a painter and an inspiration to many, was brought to this earth in a town called
Siegen in Westphalia (which is now Germany) on June 28, 1577 and passed on May 30th, 1640. He
was one of seven siblings. His parents cherished and loved him dearly, but once his father passed
away in 1587 the family picked up and moved to the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium) where
they each when about their own lives. He received his education in art and married twice, he also
had eight children. It has been said that "Peter Paul Rubens was one of the most famous and
successful European artists of the 17th century, and is known for such works at The Descent from
the Cross, Wolf and Fox Hunt, and The Garden of Love"(Peter Paul Rubens Bio). The Garden of
Love was a very unique and intriguing piece he painted. It not only has a beautiful story behind it,
but it is a wonderfully put together piece. In The Garden of Love Rubens is celebrating his marriage
and love for his second wife Helena Fourment. She is posed to be the most beautiful woman in
Antwerp. The piece has taken place from a court feast, it is shown that the people are smitten with
love and have cupids all around. This reflects the artist in a way that shows his happiness to have
found such a beautiful wife and wonderful people to celebrate it with. He ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He was happy to show how much he loved and cared for his wife. He was able to express his
thoughts and feelings into this piece. It showed so much detail and dedication, which reflects the
type of person he was.
Bibliography
Bishop, Philip E. "Chapter 10." Adventures in the Human Spirit. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 1999. 277. Print.
"The Garden of Love, 1610 by Peter Paul Rubens." The Garden of Love, 1610 by Peter Paul
Rubens. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2016.
"Peter Paul Rubens Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 20 Mar.

Peter Paul Rubens Venus And Adonis
The next work is from Peter Paul Rubens. This creation was probably made in mid–1630 during his
stay in Madrid. The painting is named "Venus and Adonis". We can find that Rubens was one of the
most interested artists of endowing the art of painting with prestige. He is the symbol of the baroque
scholar Velazquez always wanted to imitate. This is due to its wide humanistic and religious culture,
the mastery of several languages, the skills for diplomacy and its natural intelligence. Rubens reaped
important prizes and noble distinctions of the kings of Spain and England that allowed him to
acquire the dominion of Steen. For this reason he always self–portraits as a perfect gentleman,
dressed elegantly and with the distinctive elements of his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
According to Pacheco, Velazquez's father–in–law, Rubens copied all of Tiziano's paintings during
his stay in Madrid. Among the mythological scenes Rubens copied in Madrid is Venus and Adonis,
which today houses the Prado Museum. The copy unfortunately has disappeared, but we can get a
rough idea of how it was thanks to this version painted years later. Taking as a source the Ovid's
"Metamorphoses" tells the story of Adonis: Venus and Persephone were fascinated by his beauty and
it had to be Zeus who settled the matter, deciding that Adonis lived a third of the year with
Aphrodite, the other with Persephone and the third where he wished. However, two–thirds of the
year was spent by Adonis in the company of Aphrodite. For reasons unknown, Artemisia was angry
with the young boy and during a hunt sent a wild boar against him, which mortally wounded him. In
this way, Persephone, goddess of the Hells, would enjoy exclusively the young

Essay on Formal Analysis and Historical Context of Artwork
Peter Paul Rubens' masterpiece, Venus and Adonis, is not only a significant artwork of the baroque–
period in Europe during the seventeenth century, but it also tells the mythological story that begins
with love, and ends in tragedy. Displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, this painting is
admired for representing the unique baroque–style of this era, as well as Rubens' particular use of
the medium and how it reaches those who are viewing it. His attention to detail and crafty use of
symbolism within the painting assist viewers in deciphering the story, along with the values of the
period in which Rubens was living. In studying the composition of the work and noting the
historical context from which it came, one can ultimately ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Considering its position within the museum and in comparison to the other works with which it is
exhibited, the painting definitely holds a dominance in the room and must therefore draw much
attention from viewers. It size, as well as its subject matter, make it a very notable piece of artwork
as well. Peter Paul Rubens uses the story of Venus, the goddess of love, and Adonis, Venus' mortal
lover, as the focus for his work. Their story, originally told in Ovid's Metamorphoses, begins with
the struggle of love as Venus tries to stop Adonis from voyaging on his hunt by attempting to seduce
him ("Titian..."). Her struggle to keep him with her, because she knows of his fate, ends in tragedy
as Adonis is killed by a wild boar. The scene that is depicted within the painting is Venus in the
middle of restraining Adonis, with the help from her son Cupid, who latches himself on to Adonis'
leg. Adonis appears calm and assuring, for he is gently caressing Venus' leg in a seductive fashion,
while his dogs wait eagerly in the background (Adams 350). Along with the hidden seduction that
lies in Venus' face and Adonis' touch, other hints of symbolism are incorporated throughout the
work. Adonis' dogs can be said to represent impatience, for the further of the two dogs appears to
possess a somewhat

Hero and Leander by Peter Paul Reubens
During this semester's course we have studied various styles of art throughout Europe, and what has
intrigued me the most is Baroque art. Baroque, as we have studied it, is a period of artistic style that
used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, in sculpture, and
painting. Baroque style began in Rome, Italy in the 1600s and quickly spread throughout Europe.
The Baroque style was endorsed by the Roman Catholic Church, in their response to the Protestant
Reformation. The Church encouraged artists to create works of art that would connect their audience
intellectually and emotionally with religious themes. For my final visual analysis I have chosen
Hero and Leander, by Peter Paul Rubens (Figure 1). Rubens created this oil on canvas painting
between 1604 and 1605 in Lombardy, Italy. Ruben's painting features Leander, a youth of Abydos,
who used to swim across the waters at night to Sestos on the opposite side to meet his lover Hero, a
priestess of Aphrodite. The painting measures 96 X 127 cm and is currently located in the Yale
University Art Museum, in New Haven, Connecticut. (Early mythological paintings) From Hero and
Leander we can see the influence that Michelangelo and Titian had on Rubens during his career, in
particular, how the human body moves in extreme ways. Emil Kren and Daniel Marx, on the Web
Gallery of Art, give a nice summary of the subject of Ruben's painting.
The subject of the painting is a legend according to which

The Fall of Phaeton
The Catholic Baroque period of the 17th century set forth an artistic style that used a much more
dramatic use of color. Furthermore, contrasts between light and dark became more apparent as darks
became darker, and brights became brighter. Images often depicted grandiose visions, martyrdom,
intense psychological moments, intense light, ecstasies and conversions. Paintings became more
direct and dramatic as well, attempting to draw the viewer into the scene to participate. Depictions
during this era also felt emotionally straining, on top of feeling physically and psychologically real.
The era was dominated by several figures; for example, Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini, Caravaggio and
Rembrandt, but the metaphorical crown of the Catholic Baroque era goes to Peter Paul Rubens.
Peter Paul Rubens was and is one of the most celebrated artists in Europe; both throughout the
course of his lifetime, as well as throughout the entire Catholic Baroque era. His works are currently
on display in some of the most prominent museums around the world; including the Musee du
Louvre in Paris, The Metropolitan Museum in New York City, The Getty Museum in Los Angeles
and many more. Peter Paul Rubens is accredited as the master of the Baroque period by many, and
with his art he unknowingly created a set of rules that almost all Catholic Baroque art follows.
One of Peter Paul Rubens most distinguished and discussed works is The Fall of Phaeton, an oil
painting on canvas. Created between 1604 and

The Baroque Period
Artists and Artworks from the Baroque Period
Nathan Hale
American Intercontinental University
Abstract
The author of this paper examines three works of art from three different artists from the Baroque
Period. He compares the different works of art and discusses similarities, differences, and the
techniques that were used.
The Baroque period ran from 1600 to 1770, Artist of that time used different techniques that were
used during the renaissance period to bring drama to art. An immense amount of art in that period
shows fantastic energy and emotion. These pieces of art that were designed and created during the
Baroque period brought out emotion in the onlookers of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The color of the sculpture is of skin tone, but the way Bernini sculpted the lines created shadowing
in his skin. You can tell the strength of David by all the carved out muscles that are all over his body.
Peter Paul Rubens a renowned humanist and diplomat in his time. Was the most influential baroque
painters in northern Europe. He studied works of Michelangelo. When he returned up north he was
very sought after and opened a large studio with much assistance. He was known for the beauty he
painted when painting nudes, but there was a propensity for everything in his painting to have a
sense of sensuality, his freedom with the brush influenced many painters. The rising of the cross
1610 to 1611 which was painted oil on panel. He painted this piece of art for an important Roman
Catholic cathedral in his homeland. He paints the elevation of the cross after returning to Flanders
from Italy. The main panel illustrates muscle men attempting to lift the cross, and the unbearable
weight of Christ of the cross. This piece of art is jumping out on the onlooker it simply is amazing
leading to the picture of Christ . The visual vitality makes this piece a baroque piece of art. The
center of this beautiful painting is filled with drama and power. The strong figures lug the rope to
raise up the cross. While the other muscly men carry and raise a pale looking Jesus. You

Abduction Of The Daughters Of Leucippus
Abduction of the Daughters of Leucippus is an oil painting created by Peter Paul Rubens in 1617.
Peter Paul Rubens was a German–born Flemish Baroque painter. Baroque is a style that emphasizes
movement, color, and sensuality. His catholic upbringing was influential in his religious references
in his art. He was knighted by Philip IV in Spain and by Charles I in England. He was quoted
saying, "My passion comes from the heavens, not from earthly musings." He began his art
apprenticeship at the early age of fourteen. He studied classic Greek and Rome art and was highly
influence by the great Italian artists Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. He began his
artistic journey by working under Adam van Noort and Otto van Veen. During his ... Show more
Ruben's work was highly copied and he was able to establish the copyrights for his prints in
Holland, England, France, and Spain. At the mature age of fifty–three, he married his young 16 year
old niece. This sexual pervasiveness toward young females were reflected in his work. He used his
niece as an inspiration for the beautiful female figures in many of his paintings. Five years before
his death in 1935, Rubens purchased an estate outside of the Belgian city of Antwerp. He used the
surrounding landscape as an influence in his later paintings. After producing 8 children and many
great works of art, Rubens passed away in 1640 due to complications of heart stemming from
chronic gout.
Abduction of the Daughters of Leucippus by Per Paul Ruben is an oil painting from 1617. Both
young girls have elegant fabric encompassing the back of their legs. Other than the fabric, the girls
are completely nude. Their skin tone is very light, as if they have not seen much sun. Neither girl is
wearing any shoes on their feet. The girl positioned closest to the ground has a golden blonde braid
of hair hanging from her head. The Girl on top has beautifully curled hair. She also has a white cloth
encompassing the uppermost portion of her arm. There is an arm bracelet around the lower girl's
upper right arm. The men are wearing finely crafted shoes or boots. Their skin is a darker bronze
tone as if they

Prometheus Bound
Visual Analysis: Prometheus Bound Peter Paul Rubens' painting, Prometheus Bound, is a large oil
painting on canvas currently on display at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The painting is
approximately sized at eight by seven feet and portrays the Greek Titan Prometheus chained to a
cliff as his liver is eaten by an eagle. Rubens captures and allows the viewer to experience the most
dramatic and gruesome moment of the myth, when the majestic bird attacks the Titan, by
implementing the tenebrism technique, a unique composition and perspective, and symbolism.
Prometheus Bound was painted by Peter Paul Rubens with assistance from Franz Snyder during the
Flemish Baroque period in the South Netherlands. Rubens started the piece in 1611–1612, however
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For example, in the myth, Prometheus steals fire from the gods to give to the struggling humans,
which ultimately led to the progression of humanity. The flaming torch in the bottom left is a
symbol and attribute for Prometheus, however it also represents his crime. Also, according to the
myth, when Zeus, the king of the gods, discovers that the Titan defied his orders and stole the fire
from Olympus, he punished Prometheus by expelling him Olympus, chaining him to the top of a
mountain, and sentencing him to have his liver eaten by an eagle every day for all eternity. The
eagle, however, is not just a part of the story. The predatory bird is a symbol of Zeus in Greek
mythology. Another symbol for Zeus is storm clouds, because he is the god of the sky and lightning.
In the painting, the sky is full of dark grey and tumultuous storm clouds, which may represent Zeus'
anger at the Titan, while also conveying a serious tone. The painting also reveals green land in the
distance and far below the peak of the mountain. Rubens may have included the green scenery in the
background, behind the cliffs and Prometheus to emphasize the Titan's isolation from the rest of the
world as part of his punishment. The chains in the painting also convey a sense of isolation,

Critique of The Raising of the Cross Essay
The Raising of the Cross is one in a series of paintings based on the crucifixion of Christ by Peter
Paul Rubens. This piece was painted between 1609 and 1610 with oil on canvas in life size with the
centerpiece of the triptych measuring 15'2" by 11'2". It is now displayed in the Cathedral of Our
Lady in Antwerp, Belgium (Dunton, 164). Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist that painted in
Baroque style, his paintings were mostly of religious and mythical origin and his skill in such has
been highly regarded in his lifetime and since. (www.peterpaulrubens.com) Born June 28, 1577,
Rubens development as a painter, apparently, started early. After his father's death and his family
moving to Antwerp he decided he wished to be a painter ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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In the center panel of The Raising of the Cross, there are many men struggling to lift Christ on the
cross. I think the implied significance of this is the biblical reference to the weight of the sins of the
world being on Christ and his death being the ultimate sacrifice. Ruben seems to portray this by
showing how heavy a weight that is by the men struggling to lift Christ. The angling of the cross and
the styling of the painting is very similar to Ruben's artistic inspirations, such as Caravaggio
(Getlein 425). Besides the cross, there seems to be a clearly implied line pointing to the sign above
Jesus' head where it states that he is "Jesus the Nazarene, King of the Jews" in multiple languages
(Bible, Gospel of John 19:19–20). There appears to be, what looks like, a skull in the wall behind
the cross, this would likely be the skull of Goliath, since the hill is Golgotha (the Place of the Skull)
(Bible, Mark 15:22). Jesus is clearly more brightly lit than the rest of the painting giving him
emphasis in the image and the rocks behind the group being subordinate to them. The man in red
that is lifting the cross seems to stand out among the men, he isn't dressed the same and he's darker
skinned than the rest, I suspect this could be Simon of Cyrene, the man that was ordered to carry
Jesus' cross after he collapsed (Bible, Luke 23:26)and Cyrene is in modern–day Libya and Simon

Peter Paul Rubens Raising Of The Cross Essay

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Peter Paul Rubens Raising Of The Cross Essay