sesion 3 nivel 3

1. Simple Past
Vs.
Present Perfect

2. PRESENT PERFECT
Primero habrá que hacer notar que tanto el Inglés
Británico ( British English) y el Inglés Americano
( American English ) tienen diferentes reglas para
este tiempo en específico.
La explicación que a continuación veremos hace
referencia al inglés Británico.

3. En el inglés Americano, es usualmente aceptado el
uso del pasado simple en varios de estos ejemplos.
Podemos usar el presente perfecto cuando
deseamos dar un “vistazo hacia atrás” desde
nuestro presente hacia el pasado; es decir, lo
usamos para hablar de acciones en el pasado que
tienen importancia en el presente.

4. ESTRUCTURA (+)
+ have / has + Verb in Past Participle + C
● Alicia has broken with her boyfriend
(Alicia ha roto con su novio)
● Pedro and Guillermo have brought a little puppy
(Pedro y Guillermo han traído a un perrito)

5. Lo podemos usar para hablar del pasado mas
“reciente”; es decir, para describir una experiencia,
usado las palabras “just” o “already”. No se usa para
acciones específicas.
● I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
● They have cancelled the meeting.
● We have been to Rio de Jaeiro.
● I've just finished.
● We've already spoken about that.

7. Se utiliza el Presente Perfecto para hablar de
un cambio en el tiempo.
● I have become more timid in my old age.
● He has learned to be more patient.
● Their English has improved a lot this year.

8. Se usa para hablar de situaciones exitosas.
● Our football team has won the championship
three times.
● Dan has finished writing his first novel.
● Scientists have succeeded in curing many
illnesses

9. El Presente Perfecto se usa para hablar de
situaciones que todavía no han sucedido.
El uso del presente perfecto en estos casos
indica que aún estamos esperando la acción,
por eso, frecuentemente usamos los adverbios:
● 'still'
● 'yet' (in negatives and questions only)

10. ● The plane hasn't arrived yet.
● Our team still hasn't won a championship.
● I haven't finished yet.
● Maria hasn't married yet.

11. Estructura (-)
+ have / has + NOT + verb in past + C
participle
● Karyna has not burnt the house
● Karyna hasn't burnt the house
● They have not burnt the cake
● They haven't burnt the cake

12. También podemos usar al Presente Perfecto
para hablar de un pasado más distante.
● I've been to Singapore a lot over the years.
● He's done this type of project several times
before.
● They've talked about it in the past.

13. En muchas ocasiones cuando hablamos del
pasado más distante usamos palabras como
'ever' (in questions) y 'never'.
● Have you ever been to Indonesia?
● Has he ever spoken to you about the problem?
● I've never met him.
● We've never considered investing in Canada.

14. ESTRUCTURA (?)
● Have / Has + + Verb in Past + C + ?
Participle
● Has he forgotten to buy the wine ?
● Have we flown by Aeromexico ?
● Has Ana ever forgiven the infidelity ?
● Have you ever slept in class ?

15. SEQUENCE ADVERBS

16. SEQUENCE ADVERBS
● FIRST
● THEN
● NEXT
● AFTER THAT
● FINALLY

17. EJEMPLOS
● First, I typed "sequence adverbs" into Google.
● Then, I clicked on a few links that weren't very
good.
● Next, I clicked on the Small Town English link.
● After that, I read a helpful list and watched a
cartoon about sequence adverbs.
● Finally, I told my friends to visit the site for all
their grammar needs.

18. EJEMPLOS
● First, I dropped my bag in a mud puddle. Then,
a car drove by and splashed water on my
clothes. Next, I tripped over my bag and I fell in
the puddle. After that, my glasses fell off.
Finally, I began to cry.