Proteins are nitrogen-containing compounds found in both plants and animals. They serve as tissue builders and contribute to the growth and development of living organisms. They are polymers made up of hundreds of amino acid monomers made from 20 different amino acids that can be joined in any sequence. Amino acids have the basic structure except for their side chain which makes each one different from the rest.

1. What are Proteins?
By Prof. Liwayway Memije-Cruz

2. • Proteins are large,
complex molecules that
play many critical roles
in the body. They do
most of the work in
cells and are required
for the structure,
function, and regulation
of the body’s tissues
and organs.
Proteins

3. • most versatile macromolecules in living systems and
serve crucial functions in essentially all biological
processes.
• function as catalysts
• transport and store other molecules such as oxygen
• provide mechanical support and immune protection
• generate movement
• transmit nerve impulses
• control growth and differentiation
Proteins

4. • Proteins are made up of
hundreds or thousands of
smaller units called amino
acids, which are attached
to one another in long
chains. There are 20
different types of amino
acids that can be
combined to make a
protein. The sequence of
amino acids determines
each protein’s unique 3-
dimensional structure and
its specific function.
Proteins and Amino Acids

5. Top Amino Acid Foods

6. 20 Kinds of Amino Acids that
Support the Body

7. Amino Acids Food Sources

8. Proteins can be described according to
their large range of functions in the body:

9. • Antibodies bind
to specific
foreign particles,
such as viruses
and bacteria, to
help protect the
body.
Antibody

10. • Enzymes carry out
almost all of the
thousands of chemical
reactions that take
place in cells. They also
assist with the
formation of new
molecules by reading
the genetic information
stored in DNA.
Enzyme

11. Messenger proteins,
such as some types
of hormones,
transmit signals to
coordinate biological
processes between
different cells,
tissues, and organs.
Messenger

12. These proteins
provide structure
and support for
cells. On a larger
scale, they also
allow the body to
move.
Structural component

13. These proteins
bind and carry
atoms and small
molecules within
cells and
throughout the
body.
Transport/storage

14. • A peptide bond is a covalent bond
formed between two amino acids.
Living organisms use peptide bonds
to form long chains of amino acids,
known as proteins.
• Proteins are used in many roles
including structural support,
catalyzing important reactions, and
recognizing molecules in the
environment.
• A peptide bond is therefore the basis
of most biological reactions. Forming
peptide bonds is a requirement for all
life, and the process is very similar in
all forms of life.
Peptide Bond

15. Peptide Bond

17. • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21177/
• https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amin
oacids/proteinstruct.html
• https://biologydictionary.net/peptide-bond/
• https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/howgeneswork/pro
tein
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