Renewable And Alternative Energy Policies

Renewable And Alternative Energy Policies
When discussing renewable or alternative energy policies, common ideas such as more solar and wind come to mind foremost without or with little
thought when you hear renewable or alternative energies. However, policies for these can be quite alarming to someone who does not work or study
the field. With Pennsylvania deregulating their the electricity sector in late 1996, alternative energies were certainly not the first thing when it came to
their minds when trying to reduce their ever increasing electricity bills. Deregulation brought many ways for Pennsylvania to reduce costs, with still
many more questions to be answered and in 2004, when the Alternative Energy Portfolio Standards Act was passed, it was not just up to the
Pennsylvania ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However it is not until 2007 where AEPS's timetable for the next fifteen years for a progression to hit their desired targets for renewable energies
(State Impact). As it stands, PUC's standards involve roughly an eighteen percent alternative energy resources by the year 2020–2021 (DSIRE). In that
eighteen percent, eight percent should be comprised of tier one energies, which includes "solar, wind, biomass, anaerobic decomposition, geothermal,
ocean, fuel cells powered through renewables, small hydro, poultry–litter incineration facilities, waste–to–energy facilities" (Energy.Gov) and ten
percent to be tier two energy usually, "black liquor, blast furnace gas, distribution generation, hydro, municipal solid waste, other caste, waste coal,
waste heat, wood/wood wastes solids" (PUC 2013 Annual Report). Now standards and compliance are just numbers, and not truly indicative of
Pennsylvania's utility companies can keep up with them. In PUC's 2013 annual report, all standards are in compliance to their requirements for the
2013 year (PUC 4). That means of the seventeen qualified generating facilities, each are in compliance to their quarterly adjustments towards the goal
of 18% alternative energies. For those adjustments, PUC uses the formula:
"Non–solar PV Tier I % = New Tier I MWh generation/Electric Distribution Companies (EDC) and Electric Generation
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Canada 's Energy Policy Should Be Beneficial
Canada is one of the biggest energy producers in the world. Currently Canada is ranked fifth in regards to the production of energy. Canada 's energy
policy should revolve around the natural resources and their optimum use to create cheap and clean energy, which should be environmentally friendly.
Our policy should be beneficial for all the Canadians living in different parts of the country and that the policy should not discriminate among the
provinces. Canada is also the biggest consumer of the energy in the world, as it consumes most of energy per capita because of the extreme weather
conditions that it faces. We need to keep ourselves warm through the winter and have to transport goods and people from one place to another. Canada 's
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Canada 's unique geographical location and its harsh weather conditions, requires extra use of energy to keep the houses warm."[Moreover we have
to transport goods, to far of places including territories, therefore as a result we use extensive amount of fuel for the transportation purposes]" (Energy,
Statistic Canada). "[Per capita consumption of electric power in Canada was 16,473.16 kWh in 2011. In 2010 Canada's average energy consumption
was, 41% from petroleum, 31% from natural gas and 1% consumption from coal]" (Energy, Statistic Canada). We produce about 65 million metric
tons of coal each year but, consume 50 percent of it and the remaining is exported to many countries of Asia, including Japan and South Korea
(ILC 2007, CGW4UA, U2, L10, P 24). As per Statistic Canada our total consumption of energy was divided as: "34% of the energy was consumed
by transportation. Residential and Agricultural sector consumed 20%. Manufacturing 19%, whereas mining, oil and gas extractions consumed 10%
of the energy. Moreover 74% of the total energy consumed was in the provinces of Ontario, Alberta and Quebec. Canada produces 3 million barrels
of oil, and consumes 2.2 million of it" (Energy, Statistic Canada). The rest is exported to the United States for sale. Furthermore Canada has cross
border trade of electricity with the US and it exports "30 billion kWh of electricity" (ILC 2007, CGW4UA, U2, L10, P 25).

Global Warming Is A Serious Problem
Recently, global warming has become a serious problem in Australia. Global warming is a naturalized phenomenon. In general, global warming
always caused by the emission of carbon dioxide. Then the Earth's surface and ocean temperature get warmer. People burn fossil fuels such as oil and
coal could create greenhouse gases to the atmospheric layer. (Oxford, 2016) Both the releasing in automobile exhaust and decreasing in the forested
area also can make the global warming. Hence, global warming would make ice melting and raise sea levels. These disadvantages are not only harmful
to the balance of the ecosystem but also threaten the survival of humanity. Now, Australia government and citizens must pay more attention to global
warming because it is closely linked to their life. Renewable energy has been approached to reduce realistic global warming in Australia. It could
replace fossil fuel to make power generation. Renewable energy is a kind of energy, which could be recycled in nature world. In Australia, wind
energy and solar energy is two important renewable energies with its inexhaustible and clean advantages of gaining the favour of the government.
(Oxford, 2016) This essay would discuss that renewable energy could reduce global warming in Australia because of the exploitation potential of
renewable energy and impact of Australia economy, but we need time to promote technology and change policies.
Firstly, there are lots of potential of renewable energy in Australia to

The Current Open Economy Of America Essay
Introduction The need for governance within the society cannot be downplayed, especially as it pertains to 21st century living. The structure of
governments differs from country to country, which largely defines the economic edifice. For instance, Saich (2004) provides that the Maoist period in
China articulated a central political and administrative system of government, whose result was a closed or centralized economy. Conversely, the
current open economy of America or Australia is largely dependent on governance based on devolution. In many democratic nations, the government
consists of a legislature, whose role is to make laws; an executive, whose role is to implement laws; and a judiciary, whose role is to interpret laws and
settle disputes. According to The Marketing Education Research Center (2009), originally, governments were not intended to have a hand in business.
However, a paradigm shift occurred, especially in the west, after the Great Depression, whereby governments realized the need to regulate economic
and business activities. Generally, the dominant role of government in business, as many would agree, is to provide an enabling environment for
economic activities that improve commerce. According to The Marketing Education Research Center (2009), this is achieved through the protection of
business property, enforcement of contracts, settling business disputes, and encouraging entrepreneurship. The 21st century, with regard to
globalization and

The Future of Renewable Energy and RE Policy Mechanisms
Albert Einstein, the famed physicist, once noted that "We can't solve our problems with the same kind of thinking we used when we created them."
Today's world is faced with the dual threats of climate problems brought on by the use of fossil fuels and the economic challenge caused by the
increasing scarcity and demand for those fossil fuels. It is time for society to look beyond the limited and dirty fossil fuels as the energy of choice and
promote the use of the abundant renewable energy sources we are endowed with. Because the subsidies to wind and other alternative energies ultimately
generate more income than their initial costs and because we continue to subsidize fossil fuels, we should modify governmental tax policy to incentivize
manufacturing jobs, even in the depths of the recession, ... with over 400 American manufacturing plants now producing ... all the major turbine
components, towers, and blades" (awea.org). Investments, stimulated by the PTC, have catalyzed advancements in wind technology, lowering the
cost of wind energy installations by 90% since 1990 (Passero 132). With the use of PTC, wind has proven its competitive position relative to
traditional fossil fuels and "provided 26% of all new U.S. electric capacity in 2010 ... and over the past four years ... more than 35% of all new U.S.
electric capacity" (awea.org). With such dramatic growth, is the PTC still necessary? In order for renewable energies to compete with the established
fossil fuels, the playing field must be level. "The Congressional Research Service notes that fossil fuel subsidies are ... as old as fossil fuels ... and for
more than 90 years have taken subsidies via generous tax breaks" (awea.org). One recent attempt to analyze subsidies on all levels pegged "2006
federal fiscal subsidies for energy at nearly $75 billion, with over 85% of those subsidies going to fossil fuels ($49 billion), nuclear energy ($9 billion),
and ethanol ($6 billion). The remaining $10 billion in federal subsidies were split between the broad array of renewable energies with wind receiving
3.4%, solar 2.8%, and hydroelectric 2.2%." The massive subsidies to fossil fuels originate primarily from

Renewable Energy Through Feed On Tariffs And Taxes
Introduction
In recent years, more has been debated on whether or not nonrenewable energy such as fossil fuel has caused global warming. Sakamoto and Managi
(2016) believe fossil fuel is the likely reason that temperatures have been rising from greenhouse gases, increasing the CO2 emissions (p. 1). With
depleting resources, it may be a good idea to look more seriously at renewable energy (Sakamoto & Managi, 2016, p. 16). More governments have
been trying to create policies to encourage usage of renewable energy. However, it has been debated what is the best way to enforce renewable
energy. In this paper, I will discuss two ways countries have been encouraging renewable energy through feed–in tariffs and taxes.
Body
Sakamoto and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
14). An increase in marginal cost of nonrenewable resources will drive more consumers to renewable resources.
On the other hand, a tax on nonrenewable energy does not have the same effect. Sakamoto and Managi (2016) discovered:
"The introduction of the tax on the nonrenewable energy sector leads to the reduction of nonrenewable energy use and an acceleration of renewable
energy use, but the acceleration is not enough to keep the pre–tax level of production... because the marginal cost of renewable energy is high as
renewable energy use increases" (p. 15).
A tax on nonrenewable energy leads to an increase in marginal cost of renewable energy. Less consumers were interested in buying when prices on
renewable energy rose.
Another way governments have been trying to implement renewable energy is through feed–in tariffs. Feed–in tariffs usually consist of some type of
purchase obligation and also a tariff payment on renewable energy that is fixed for every unit of electricity (Jacobs, 2012, p. 43). The grid operator
involved in the purchase obligation must buy the renewable electricity no matter what (Jacobs, 2012, p. 43). The producer has the right to a certain
amount of money for every unit of electricity that they produce (Jacobs, 2012, p. 43).
Jacobs (2012) conducted studies in Europe in the countries of Germany, Spain, and France that use feed–in

Russian Gas As A Foreign Policy Weapon
With 53% of the European Union's energy being imported in 2013, it is not a surprise that the European Union is continuously seeking alternative
energy methods to help gain energy independence. If not complete independence, they hope to lower their reliance on Russia who to frequently uses
its energy dominance as a foreign policy weapon. Russian and Ukrainian disputes in 2006, 2009, and 2014 have led to critical gas shortages across
the European Union and a public opinion that Russian natural gas is unreliable (1). The Czech Republic has been one of the many member states who
has suffered from these supply shortfalls. These crises along with other difficulties of importing a majority of their energy supply has propelled the
Czech Republic... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Feed–in tariffs as well as feed–in premiums supported renewable electricity generation. These rates were guaranteed for 20 years with hydropower
generators' rates being guaranteed for 30 years. Additionally, investment support and green bonuses were given to renewable heating sources.
Furthermore, a sharp decline in the prices of solar panels led the Czech Republic to become the 4th largest in terms of newly installed photovoltaic
systems (5).
In 2009, the Czech Republic implemented a program to promote renewable energy within the residential building sector. This program was entitled
the Green Savings Programme. While the program had a slow start, by September 2010 the applications for the program exceeded the funding. The
Programme promotes the use of thermal insulation, renewable energy sources for space and water heating, and passive house design. The program
stopped in 2010 due to the surge of applicants, but was rebooted in 2013. This program is estimated to have a budget of 1.1 billion euros by 2020 (5).
While the Green Savings Programme may have survived through the years, the Act on the Promotion of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources wasn't
so lucky. In January of 2011, solar energy producers receiving feed–in tariff support were taxed 26% and if they were receiving a green bonus they
were taxed 28%. This tax was introduced to slow down photovoltaic installments that ERO could not adequately support

How Technology Has Tremendous Positive Spillover Effects...
With all different forms of green technology, the one that can end up affecting the U.S. the greatest is renewable energy. Long term, renewable energy
will cost less, making energy consumption cheaper, and in turn making production increasingly cost effective. With green energy being a cutting–edge
technological field, it will take a great deal of innovation and creativity to create superior green products. The United States would benefit greatly
from discovering more innovative ways to produce these products and gain that lead in commercialization away from Europe. Increases in technology
have immense positive spillover effects. "A technological gain in one sector of production gives people in other sectors of production, new ideas on how
Green growth perceived as a win–win situation. The independence from fossil fuels and the "scalability," renewable energy can help with both
economic and social development, especially in poor, rural, or remote areas that are lacking in energy access (Ottmar Edenhofer, 514).
With green renewable technology, there are still a lot of obstacles to overcome, so it is understandable why the U.S. has remained behind. First, there's
a lack of understanding of the long–term benefits and how it would affect society as a whole. This lack of understanding result in a lot of
misinformation from biased or political standpoints. The U.S. relies heavily on fossil fuels so moving people away from that is thought as a huge
drop in employment and potential large scale issues in the economy. With any original technology, there is inexperience; With green technology being
in the infant stage there will be a lot of trial and error. One can also see large initial costs and high marginal costs for maintenance (Europe's Green
Billions, 265).
Another barrier is encouraging investment in clean energy. Generally, it is agreed that implementing a carbon tax would encourage investors to work
towards cleaner fuels, nevertheless, the U.S. remains widely against additional taxes. Finally, the last obstacle is technological. With renewable energy
and green technology being new, the technology is simply not as efficient as it is required

Policies Governing Renewable Energy Technology Case Study
Policy The Policies governing Renewable Energy technology projects are governed by a number of acts: BC Provincial Permitting The Geothermal act
and it's three sections: Regulations, tenures and General Regulations, Govern the various aspects of this projects operations such as: Land Tenures,
permits, Leases, Licensing, exploration and environmental impact. [1] An Environmental assessment process is required for projects that produce
more the 50 MWatts of power. Forest, Range, Road Authorizations and Permits/Tenures: for cutting down of trees for use or space. Archaeology
Assessment: Permits required under Heritage Conservation act to alter a heritage site or object. Water Management and Licensing Water licenses are
needed for power... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interest of Individual First Nations Members: "Under the Indian Act, individual members of a First Nation may be given the right to use and occupy
a parcel of reserve land..... Once approved, the individual allotment holder has "lawful possession" of a parcel of land and may be issued a Certificate
of Possession as evidence of their right. An individual ....... may lease the allotment to a third party, ..... All these transfers of individual allotments must
be approved by the Minister. Non–members of a First Nation cannot hold "lawful possession" of reserve lands. Under the Indian Act, non–members can
obtain rights to use or occupy reserve land by entering into leases or acquiring permits or licenses. Leases, permits, and licences must be approved by
the Band Council and the Minister and are issued by AANDC. Leases The Minister issues leases to non–band members. Leases are issued on behalf of
the First Nation or individuals holding Certificates of Possession, and must comply with all federal laws and First Nation by–laws. First Nations Land
Management The First Nation Land Management regime provides certain First Nations with powers to manage their reserve land and resources under
their own land codes. The sections of the Indian Act dealing with land, resources and

Energy Sources And Non Renewable Energy Source Essay
Intended Audience
Within this paper I wish to address two audiences, the first is best described as local homeowners who are presently in the vicinity of windmills or
who will be in the future, and are somewhat skeptical of this renewable energy source. The second group that I wish to address are those who are
deemed to be environmentalists, who have a very strong faith in wind energy and other forms of renewables. Since these two audiences can be quite
different the way in which I address concerns are going to have to be comprehensive to both.
With focusing first on locals, I wish to include the basic information on wind turbines so that all aspects of this renewable energy source can be fully
understood. I also will include a comparison of wind energy to other forms of renewable energy sources and non–renewable sources to point out
important numbers and values within the environment, the economy, and society. Locals have many important needs, wants and values. They value
their homes not only financially but in a family sense as well, they value their health and safety. The want windmills to not have a negative effect on
their lives and at the same time have an efficient, inexpensive forms of energy that they can have access to. When it comes to a problem having either a
direct effect on themselves or the environment, most but not all, would rather the environment take the hit. Their interest most likely does not lie
within big companies making big profits, they value

Pros And Cons Of Renewable Portfolio Standards
Lujia Wang
Major: Statistics
Dec 7, 2014
Topic: Renewable Energy Policy Renewable Energy Policy: Renewable Portfolio Standard
Audience: General people who don't know anything about Renewable Portfolio Standard.
Summary: In this paper, I will introduce the Renewable Portfolio Standard and tell the audience what the Renewable Portfolio Standard is. And then I
will list many different Renewable Portfolio Standard in many different countries and in different states in the U.S. Then I will analysis the advantages
and disadvantages of this renewable energy policy. Finally I will make my own recommendations and suggestions.
Executive Summary: The Renewable portfolio Standard is requires ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, in California, in 2002 the California Renewable Portfolio Standard was adopted. In their goals, the portion of renewable electricity
must be increasing 1 percent every year and in 2010 it must reach 20 percent. But in 2008, they change the number 20 into 33(Senate Bill No.107
Chapter 464). In Michigan state, in 2008 October 6, the Public Act 295 which is also the Clean, renewable and Efficient energy Act was adopted.
They set that by 2015, that proportion of renewable energy must achieve 10 percent (michigan.gov). In Colorado, they increase their original plan
from 20% to 30% in the 2010 legislative session as House Bill 1001. The reason they hope to increase the number is because that the government
hopes to create more revenue from the state government (Ritter 2010). In Florida, in 2009, the Florida Public Service Commission decided to
generate 20 percent of electricity from renewable energy by 2020. In Ohio, in 2008, the Ohio legislature passed a bill that 25 percent of electricity is
generated by alternative or renewable energy and at lest 12.5 percent of electricity will be generated by renewable energy (Writer

Cost And Benefit Of Solar Energy
Murtadha Ameer
Anthropology 3150
Sec 005
Cost and benefit of Solar Energy in China It is well known that China is the largest developing country in the world and second largest country in
energy consumption. In addition, China has the third largest Gross Domestic Production. With the rapid development of economy and society, energy
demand of Chinese society is increasing in an incredible speed. Unfortunately, various fossil fuel resources provide 90% of energy in China.
Fortunately, China has large country area, and there are rich in solar resources. 67% of Chinas energy derived from coal which produced 2.74 billion
tons of waste in 2008 and it is responsible for polluting environment and zoology. The bizarre energy structure of China is the crucial reason has
brought a sequence of environmental problems, which has affected the human lives (Zhang). Renewable energy is less than a share of 7%. Oil energy
has a share of 23% and the remaining 3% is supplied by natural gas. Currently, thousands or rivers have contaminated, and the serious pollution is more
than a thousand. For instance, nearly all the rivers are contaminated in Shanxi Province, and no fish can exist in the polluted water. And the water of
river is not safe to consume by human and livestock. The great consumption of fossil energy has triggered numerous energy and environment issues in
China, such as fossil energy security and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, supporting the use of renewable

Alternative Energy Argument Essay
The Alternative energy industry in the United States has been at a steady rate of growth for the past decade, however there is still controversy over the
use of renewable energies, their impact on the economy, and their impact on the environment. As controversial as the topic is, the argument boils down
to a moral need to support environmental regulations, and an economical need to sustain domestic growth in the Energy industry of the United States.
Mainly, the question is can alternative energy effective replace fossil fuels? There are of course arguments for both sides of this question. One faction
would say, yes, of course alternative energies can effectively replace our current use of fossil fuels. One such supporter on this stance is... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Overwhelmingly, economists seek to answer how much job creation and Gross Domestic Product growth would come from a shift toward alternative
energy. The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) based in Dubai has just released a report that says jobs in the solar and renewable
energy sectors are increasing faster than employment opportunities in fossil fuel industry for the first time. It says 8.1 million people worldwide had
jobs in the clean energy in 2015, up from 7.7 million in 2014, according to Bloomberg. And according to the U.S Bureau of Statistics Employment
grew six percent in solar and slumped 18 percent in upstream oil and gas and support

Motives of the Renewable Energy Policies in Resource Rich...
This section will focus on the motivators of oil rich countries in the renewable energy field. Renewable energy can be defined simply as energy that
comes from resources which are continually replenished by a period of time. From this simple definition it could be expected that use and introduction
of renewable energy projects emerge and are promoted by countries with shortage of non–renewable sources and/or under a high risk of environmental
degradation caused by those sources. Also it could be said that environmental awareness is higher in democratic countries with the accountability of the
governing bodies, freedom of speech, press and etc. But especially in the last decade investments in the renewable energy projects significantly
increased in oil rich countries.
The need for proliferation of renewable energy projects could be seen as in almost all of the scholars' ideas in the field of environmental studies.
Schindewolf and BГ¶ddeker (2010) are addressed this need by elaborating different aspects of the issue. CO2 avoidance in terms of global warming
threat consists the main reason of renewable energy projects for sure. Although current scientific facts shows that climate change is far closer than the
known fossil fuel reserves are gone, according to Schindewolf and BГ¶ddeker another fundamental reason is the finiteness of fossil fuels.
Which renewable energy projects are being implemented and planned to take part in oil rich countries could carry a torch for

The Federal Government Should Work On Promoting Either...
Summary of Contentious Issues
The federal government should work on promoting either nuclear or solar energy. Energy is important for survival on a daily basis. In fact, the
development of any nation depends on the long–term availability and increase of clean and safe energy that also supports the environment. Currently,
no energy source can be said to be sufficiently capable of meeting future needs that a nation requires. It is important therefore to promote any particular
type of renewable energy. Promoting and enhancing solar energy would be a better move to take. It is better for the environment if the federal
government work on improving solar energy usage. Installation of solar panels by Americans continues to increase with each passing day. Despite
this positive progress, this avenue of power is not fully exploited because of lack of infrastructure to store solar energy. Solar energy was ranked as the
third electricity–producing source after natural gas and wind energy thus accounting for fourteen percent of the total electricity produced. This
significant contribution of the solar energy shows that when properly exploited, solar energy can be a major source of electricity for the country.
However, there is need for the issues surrounding its maximum exploitation to be addressed. The government should subsidize infrastructure. The most
important infrastructure that the federal government should look into includes connection to the power grid, conversion of the solar

Climate Change And Global Warming
In 1879, citizens were in shock in Menlo Park as Thomas Edison publicly demonstrated his new invention, the incandescent light bulb, the first time.
This device was incredibly impactful and would eventually lead to electricity being within the houses of millions of people across the globe.
Industries began to mass excavate large amounts of coal in order to produce electricity to light the homes of these people. However, big business
wasn't aware or concerned about possible environmental damage that was occurring. Power plants sprung up across America which would produce
waste in the forms of different types of pollution that would have quite an impact on the surroundings. As a result, individuals started to become aware
of the effects of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, environmental legislation and industrial freedom are both consisted of positive and negative aspects that affect numerous people
worldwide. So, is environmental legislation actually more beneficial than industrial freedom? There are many positive effects that can result from
environmental legislation, including the overall health of humans. The pollution emitted from numerous different industries and sources not only
hurts the environment, but directly affects the people in the area. Several associations have been drawn between pollution and increased risks of
heart disease, kidney disease, and lung disease. A newspaper had noted that, "Data indicated that average systolic BP [blood pressure] rose 1.7 mm
Hg with an increase of 2.4 mcg/mВ¬3 in fine particulate matter exposure (95% CI, 0.7 mm Hg to 2.7 mm Hg), and diastolic increased 0.8 mm Hg
(95% CI, 0.3 mm Hg to 1.4 mm Hg)" ("City Dwellers" 36). So, this source indicates that in areas where there is exposure to particulate matter
(polluted areas, such as cities), there appears to be a correlation with higher overall blood pressure. However, environmental legislation would lead to
regulations on mechanisms that are pushing pollution into the nearby areas and therefore reduce the risk of health defects. Additionally, environmental
legislation can lead to the reduced risk of global warming, which has been a huge topic in contemporary society. Many studies and research has reached
conclusive evidence

Renewable Sources Of Energy And Energy
The world today is a place of rapid progress and scientific advancement, which has been going strong for the last few decades. This period will
gradually begin to slow down and eventually stop altogether because the world will, quite literally, run out of fuel. Right now, the majority of all the
energy used in the day–to–day lives and operations of the entire world population are nonrenewable. This energy is created from the fossil fuels: coal,
petroleum and natural gas. Fossil fuels are still cheap and high in supply, but the rate at which we are consuming them, which is only expected to
increase, vastly exceeds the rate at which they regenerate. This creates the aforementioned problem of mankind running out of the required natural
resources to fuel its own energy demands. The only solution to this problem that is possible, is to begin placing more influence renewable sources of
energy and doing so as soon as possible. Renewable energy sources include solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal power. Each of these are
insignificant alone, but as a group they become a viable alternative to nonrenewable energy sources. Together, they have the potential to replace the
fossil fuels as our primary provider of energy. Although there are many that argue against the use of renewable energy it is vital that the United States
government makes the implementation and widespread use of renewable energy sources mandatory.
Experts have known and understood that nonrenewable energy sources

Renewable Energy Essay
At present, there is a dramatic increase in the energy consumption rate in developing countries. The major sources of energy come from fossil fuels,
oil, coal, and natural gas. This in turn can affect the amount of Green House Gas (GHG) emission and climate change problems. The development of
small scale renewable energy farms in developing countries seek to reduce the amount of GHG. It also aims to provide a solution for people in rural
areas who have no access to the national electricity grid. This POSTnote summaries the benefits and effectiveness of small–scale renewable sources in
developing countries.
Background
Fossil fuel like coal, natural gas and oil are still the main source of electricity demand in developing countries. More than 3 billion people still use
wood and coal for household activities, which emit large amount of Green House Gas. On top of that nearly 1.5 billion people in developing countries
could not access the national grid system, due to the high investment cost of grid installation.
To improve the quality of life for people in remote areas, the global development association (United Nations Development Programme), set national
policy to improve household energy consumption (GwГ©naГ«lle , et al., 2009).
Using renewable sources are becoming an alternative of fossil fuel because of their infinite supply, low carbon emission, price stability in the energy
market and economic benefits. Examples of renewable sources include solar photovoltaic (PV), wind,

Renewable Energy In Australia Essay
In Australia, carbon emissions contribute to the problem of global warming and climate change worsening. Therefore, people want to move to a more
sustainable energy future, because renewable energy is the only valid method to reduce emissions. But it is very difficult to widely use renewable
energy since this transition have to face numerous barriers. This essay will argue that adopting renewable energy cannot be overcome due to lack of
financial and political barriers.
First and foremost, economic and trade structure which was created in fossil fuel energy resources, and the development of renewable resources
produce a major obstacle. The brown and black coal makes that Australia has a stable and cheep electric power since the coal has an abundant cheap
supply. (Effendi and Courvisanos, 2011) Because the output of emissions–intensive industries is the high demand overseas, it become a major revenue
source of the contributor and the government. Effendi and Courvisanos, (2011) All of this leads fossil fuel electricity generation industry to be a
traditional property. It is important to appreciate that this engenders structural inertia and amplifies other barriers such as lack of financial ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Effendi and Courvisanos, 2011) When main industries are being endangered through innovation, they engage in an industrial union to protect profits
and jobs in contradiction of the potential of new jobs in sustainable green industries of the future. Effendi and Courvisanos (2011) Energy Minister
Ferguson who comes from a strong traditional industrial unionist background ensures support for the dominant non–renewable electricity industry. This
make green capitalist was very hard to develop. (Effendi and Courvisanos,

Types Of Re Policies On The Growth Of Renewable Energy...
Chapter 3– Comparison of RE policies
This chapter will examine the available literature on policies used to encourage the growth of renewable energy sources and technologies. A wide
variety of policies have been introduced around the world with differing levels of success. This chapter will look at some of them and discuss whether
Scotland should adopt, intensify or even abandon each one.
Research and Development support
Although the majority of research and development funding is generally supplied by the private sector, many countries do employ programs that help
to support it.
There are several reasons why such programs may be necessary in order to encourage research and innovation. It may simply be that private investors
may have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This highlights the need for government support especially among the less mature technologies. Due to the unpredictable returns from each project the
literature suggests that the government should diversify support for research. "In a situation where failure is more likely than success, but the
successes will have great social value, government can bear the costs of a diversified R&D portfolio more easily than any one private firm."(Popp,
2010)
The Scottish government offers various schemes to encourage renewable R&D. Firstly there is the Energy Technology Partnership, which is an
alliance between 12 Scottish universities who are engaged in energy research. It is the largest partnership of its kind in Europe and is funded to carry
out research, exchange knowledge, offer discounted courses on areas of the energy sector and to improve links within the industry.
Scottish Enterprise through its Renewable Energy Investment Fund also offers various loans and grants to eligible projects. In addition the Saltire
prize was introduced to Scotland in 2008 in an attempt to encourage wave and tidal energy research and development. It is a ten million pound prize
that is open to any individual or team from across the world. To win you must generate the most electricity (a minimum of 100 GWh) over a
continuous two year period using only

The Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan Essay
What is the DRECP?
When Obama was elected President of the United States, he promised to protect the environment we live in. His Climate Action Plan set out to
increase energy efficiency, reduce carbon pollution and expand of renewable energy sources. To accomplish a part of this, the government announced
approval of an action plan, the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan 'DRECP'. The DRECP is a landscape–level plan focusing on renewable
energy and conservation on 22.5 million acres of California desert land. The plan stretches over seven California counties, including Los Angeles, San
Diego and San Bernardino. The DRECP was developed in a joint effort by government agencies such as, theBureau of Land Management and the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. Local governments, renewable energy developers and environmental organizations were also involved. The DRECP goals
could be split up into three major categories.
For renewable energy development, the Plan hopes to identify a common planning goal of producing 20,000 megawatts by 2040, involving a range
of different renewable energy technologies. To locate new renewable energy development focus areas with suitable energy resources as well as
updating existing renewable energy sites. DRECP's focus for the ecological side is to "preserve, restore, and enhance natural communities and
ecosystems and conserve sensitive species" (What is DRECP, 2016). As well as to locate development focus areas on disturbed lands with little

Energy Efficiency And Renewable Energy
One thing is for certain, the cleanest and most inexpensive source of energy is the one that is inexhaustible and can also be naturally replenished and
readily produced. The next step would be to develop that type of renewable energy efficiently while also distributing it more effectively. The most
rational way to create and produce energy is to generate it renewably by utilizing naturally reoccurring resources. Perhaps, that is why energy efficiency
and renewable energy are gaining more and more attention from the largest names in the financial, energy, and industrial communities. Government,
manufacturers, and the consumer are all involved in the renovation of the energy system towards one that is cleaner and more proficient. According to
energy industry shareholders, it is the consumer that delegates that adjustment. Due to this enormous influence, consultants are seeking for government
to propose incentives to the consumer in order to surge the growth of renewable energy technologies (Bloomberg 2011).
As of now, the historical shifts in "new" renewable energy sources, as well as the growth potential of "old" renewable energy sources, such as
hydroelectric power, may suggest the adoption of new governmental policies and financing. These new policy adaptations may put a major emphasis
on the ecological and financial benefits of renewable energy. In recent years, the production of sustainable energy has provided a very prolific field of
research (Smil 2014).This mainframe

The Inexact Science of Climatology
Climatology is an inexact science to say the least. The only undisputed facts are: there are gases that are transparent to ultraviolet light but absorb
infrared radiation, creating the 'greenhouse effect', and human activity has caused the accumulation of greenhouse gasses to increase across the
world (McKibben & Wilcoxen, 2002). The application of microeconomic principles can be used to address some of the fallout of the climate change
caused by the greenhouse effect. In this paper we will take a look at three such measures and what their application can mean to the industry. The
same way that there are various uncertain factors when accounting for climate change (clouds, ocean temperature, aerosols' effect, etc.), there are
various microeconomic principles that can be applied to help reduce emissions, with equally diverse results. One of the most limiting forms of
creating clean emissions standards is a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) limited to renewable technology (Paul, Palmer & Woerman, 2011). This is
restrictive because of an unfair distribution of credits dependent upon which technology the RPS is being applied to. For example, an RPS that treats
all renewables equally would highly encourage the low–cost renewables like bio–mass and wind, while high–cost renewables like solar would not be
promoted as fairly (Paul, Palmer & Woerman). Some states help address this disproportion allotment with 'carve–outs' or portions of the RPS that
addresses separate renewables

Components Of Area Of Concentration And Learning...
3. Components of Area of Concentration and Learning Objectives (1000 words maximum) Identify and define 2–3 components structuring your area of
concentration. Identify learning objectives (indicating the level of knowledge and the reasons why you wish to master such objectives) and list
relevant various strategies (courses or other learning activities). The energy sector of Ghana is besieged with challenges ranging from the technical to
the financial. These challenges have coalesced over time resulting in the current energy crisis and energy insecurity that plagues the country. This
situation persist in many other African countries, despite the fact that Africa, and by extension Ghana has a range of energy resources that far exceed
the continents and country's energy requirements (Wolde–Rufael, 2005). While Ghana's power sector remains severely underdeveloped, energy
consumption in general and electricity consumption specifically is still relatively low in comparison to more developed countries in the West and
emerging economies in the east. To date, despite electricity reform that commenced in 1993 (triggered by rising demand and reduced output from
Ghana 's hydro–dominated system) the basic structure of Ghana 's power sector remains the same (Williams & Ghanadan, 2006, p. 828). This plan of
study provides an alternative viewpoint to Ghana's power crisis. Instead it focuses on the importance of diversifying Ghana's energy portfolio, shifting
it away from the traditional

The Scholarly Format Appropriate For The Field
Topic and Project Description (a thorough description of the topic and project, written in the scholarly format appropriate to the field): Grinnell College
students, faculty, and staff have, for years, tried to make Grinnell College and its community more sustainable. Whether it has been through sourcing
food grown locally and without fossil–fuel based fertilizers, advocating for LEED–certified buildings that conserve energy and water, or altering the
College's energy profile through the implementation of large–scale wind turbines, the College has focused on reducing harmful emissions while
preserving standard of living (BMUB 2014). With the help of Professors Liz Queathem and Lee Sharpe, as well as Chris Bair and Rick Whitney from...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
German policy encourages building structures that are both efficient and that often produce their own energy, by allowing the government to directly
pay property owners a fair market value for any renewable energy produced, versus Iowa's standard of low–rate utility payouts (AIA) (Database of
State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency). This is but one example of the differences in policy that I plan to investigate in my research.
Through careful analysis of policy at the local and national level in Germany, I will work to identify the areas in which policy and attitudinal changes
could have the greatest effect on energy consumption. Energy savings can be found in the embodied energy of a structure, as well as through the inputs
of energy into buildings and outputs of waste that require energy to treat (e.g. sewage, trash). For example, in Germany, laws requiring companies to
implement "cradle–to–grave" waste controls sharply contrast with U.S. policy that puts the onus on the consumer to make sure waste is disposed of–
and emissions are accounted for–properly (JWNET 2010). As I will be working in conjunction with several other students–each of us examining some
aspect of Holistic Sustainability–we will work together to simultaneously answer the broader question of what a new Center for Sustainability at
Grinnell College should look like. With my area of research, I hope to identify whether the Center should be a new or renovated

A Brief Note On Hydro Quebec And The Largest Electricity...
What is Hydro–Quebec? Hydro–Quebec is the biggest electricity company in Quebec, it is one of the biggest electricity company in North America
and it is one of the leading companies of hydropower in the world. Hydropower is one of sustainable energy resources and it plays a very important
role to protect our environment.The company was founded in April 14, 1994. After more than seventy years' development, about 99 percent of
electricity that Hydro–Quebec generated is by Hydropower. Hydro–Quebec's research institute (IREQ) which is in charge of technological innovation
advantages Hydro–Quebec compare with other electricity company. Why Energy consumption is Important? Energy consumption is bound tightly
with our daily life especially when we try to maintain our high quality of life (Panwar, Kaushik, & Kothary, 2011). For example, energy
consumption is required when people try to light a lightbulb in the night; cars need energy to move. People in the world need to consume an
enormous quantity of energy every day to support daily life (see picture 1). Countries' development is also rely on energy consumption. A research
find out that real GDP will be increase by 0.12%–0.39% percent when increase 1% energy consuming. (Narayan, & Smyth, 2008). Types of energy and
What are the sources? All energy people using can be classified into two types. The first type is sustainable energy and the second type is unsustainable
energy. Sustainable energy is renewable while

Economic Significance Of Renewable Energy Policy
ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY IN INDIA: A CASE STUDY OF GUJARAT'S SOLAR POLICY
I.Introduction
The transition to a greener energy regime in India is driven by both external factors, like energy prices, market developments, political culture and the
emphasis on climate change, as well as by internal factors like the goal to achieve long term energy security and the need for enhancing access to
energy. The early emphasis onrenewable energy in India was primarily on the wake of energy security concerns mooted during the global oil crisis
around 1970s. Commission of Additional Sources of Energy (CASE) in 1981 was set up by Government of India (GoI) as one of the early response to
such a crisis. CASE was transformed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is argued that policy reforms initiated during the past two decades have transformed India's energy sector from a predominantly government
owned system to a system largely driven by market elements. This is also evident in the case of renewable energy where the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE) identifies the development of renewable energy in India across various phases: 1970s as research phase, 1980s as
demonstration phase and 1990s onwards as commercialization phase with greater participation of private sector entities.
The renewable sources of power in India still constitute a small portion of the entire power production of the country, with the total installed
capacity of 32,000 MW (which is about 12% of the total installed capacity). Out of the total installed capacity, solar energy constitutes about 10 %
(3200 MW). The solar potential of the country is huge. It is estimated that about 12.5 % of India's landmass, which is about 413,000 square
kilometers, can be exploited to harness solar energy. The country on an average enjoys 300 sunny days with an average hourly solar radiation of about
200 MW/square kilometer. The major recent initiative in the solar space is the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) launched in 2010
by the Central

Renewable Energy Policies Operating At The Level Of The...
The world today, as we know it, acknowledges the impact of the carbon emission on the surrounding environment with devastating effects such as
global warming, rise of the ocean levels and destruction of animal and vegetal life. Therefore, it started shifting towards more green sources of energy
such as renewable energy, ones that are more sustainable and more friendly to the environment. European Union, one of the most advanced
democratic models of our time, is one of the key players at the global level which understands the need for this change in perspective and constantly
advocates for more elaborate policies and joined plans of action. The aim of this essay is to analyse the three main renewable energy policies operating
at the level ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The feed–in tariffs could be explained simply by taking the cost of a particular system, dividing that figure by the number of kilowatt/hours that the
system can reasonably be expected to generate over its service life (generally 20 years), and the result is the cost of that system per kilowatt–hour.
Now, tack on whatever return on investment (ROI) is desired, and a feed–in tariff had been obtained. This approach allows a distinction to be made not
only between different renewables technologies (solar, wind, etc), but also between different system sizes. As an example a big wind farm will
undoubtedly produce more energy than the power collected from a certain amount of solar rooftops. With offering different feed–in tariffs for various
system sizes, one can ensure the economic viability of the various applications, thereby preventing windfall profits for large projects.
1.2. Secondly, in the coming decades, the trend of liberalising energy markets will have to be combined with ambitious environmental goals within the
European Union (EU). Currently prevailing incentive schemes (such as trade in tariffs) for renewable energy might not be in line with liberalisation of
international energy markets. A good example might be the disadvantage that an operator which is situated near a greater renewable energy potential
area, having to accept all the renewable

The Pros And Cons Of Solar Power
Introduction
As the demand for solar power has grown, legislatures across the country have responded in different ways. The North Carolina legislature passed
legislation in 2007 that successfully incentivized solar energy development in the state. By 2015, North Carolina ranked only behind California in solar
installations. South Carolinians often compare themselves to North Carolinians and this is no different when it comes to renewable energy. The South
Carolina legislature passed extremely different legislation in 2014 from that passed earlier in North Carolina. Both houses of the legislature in South
Carolina unanimously passed the Distributed Energy Resource Program Act (Act 236) with the full support of investor–owned utilities, municipalities,
the electric cooperatives, the state's Office of Regulatory Staff and most of the region's environmental conservation groups that work throughout the
state . It is too early to determine, but the South Carolina legislation may or may not see similar success as that seen in North Carolina to incentivize
solar power generation throughout the state. The South Carolina legislation requires the state's three investor owned utilities to subsidize and socialize
the additional cost of solar energy to incentivize solar energy's development across the South Carolina. However, the distributed energy law does not
require the 20–member owned electric cooperatives of South Carolina to subsidize or socialize any additional cost of solar energy. Instead the
cooperatives are left to determine individually if adoption of solar is prudent for their membership.
Electric cooperatives are member owned and member driven organizations. For the most part, electric cooperatives in the state of South Carolina are
not regulated by the Public Service Commission of the state. Instead, the Public Service Commission relies on the fact that these independent
organizations are run by democratically elected board members. The theory of no state sponsored regulation is that the membership – through elections
– will regulate itself. Due to self–regulation, the boards of each electric cooperative strive to understand what the membership seeks from their electric
cooperative and

Climate Change : The United States Of America And Germany
The discussions surrounding climate change have been given significance in the recent decade, owing to the drastic changes in climate patterns as well
as the realization of the reality of climate change in various nations. Around the globe, countries are responding to the climate question using various
policies aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change as well as reducing the causal effects of the shifts in climate. Various nations have put in
place policies that are continuously analyzed to determine their impacts on the management of the changes that are arising from climate shifts. In this
article, two countries will be keenly analyzed; the United States of America and Germany. This paper seeks to determine their existing policies in
each country with regards to climate, as well as explain the differences or similarities in the policy areas. Comparisons will also be made of the two
nation's policies, and a subsequent evaluation carried out. Various reports and journal articles which provide analysis of the two nations' policies will
be analyzed.
Climate change has become a reality in current times due to the devastating damages that have been experienced in various nations, owing to the shifts
experienced. In the United States of America, there has been a significant expenditure that came about due to various weather disasters that have hit the
nation. In the year 2012 alone, the American economy incurred a cost of more than 110 billion US Dollars, owing to

Energy Sector Of Sri Lanka
1.0 Introduction
Energy is one of the major inputs of an economy. It directly affects development of human beings and society. Therefore, safeguarding a cheap and
stable supply of energy is one of the main objectives of any country. However, increasing world population, high global energy consumption and
depletion of global resources has challenged this objective resulting energy as one of the main concerns today's world.
Accordingly, this report focuses on analysing various issues faced by different governments related to energy and the strategies they have implemented
to minimse them.
2.0 Issues related to Energy and Strategies using to Deal with them
2.1 Case 01– Energy Sector of Sri Lanka
The issues face by Sri Lanka's energy sector ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accordingly, the government has decided to expand its existing energy mix to coal and non– conventional renewable energy (NRE) such as dendro
power, biogas and waste, solar power and wind power. This expansion plan is considered as Long Term Generation Expansion Plan (LTGEP) and it is
their plan to keep remain it in force until 80% of Sri Lanka's electrical energy supplied to the national grid is from non–oil based fuels. In Addition to
that, Sri Lanka has started exploration of oil and gas in Gulf of Mannar Basin as another strategy of fuel diversification. However, it is in its initial
stage yet and it will take long time to see a result (Ministry of Power & Energy, 2008).
Another main issue faced by Sri Lanka's energy sector is inefficiency of supply and consumption of energy. When supplying energy, transmission and
distribution energy losses in the electricity sector has been brought down to 13.5% of net generation by end 2009. Therefore, the actions have been
taken to accelerate investments and management efforts to reduce technical and non–technical losses. To uplift the energy efficiency of demand side,
Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority has introduced mandatory labelling system for appliances and Energy efficient building code for building
design and construction sector (Ministry of Power & Energy, 2008).
2.2 Case 02– Energy Sector of UK
The UK is no more a self–sufficient country from the perspective

Essay The State of Solar Power Policy And Incentives in...
The State of Solar Power Policy And Incentives in Vermont
Vermont has become widely known as a progressive, even cutting–edge state in terms of its public policy. With two out of three of its Congressional
delegation officially independent, a groundbreaking civil–unions law, and no fast–food franchises in its state capitol, perhaps that reputation is
well–deserved. Energy; its generation, transmission, usage, and impacts upon the Earth, has arisen as a tempestuous, geo–political issue in the past few
decades. As the petroleum era explodes (or should we say implodes?), the development and utilization of renewable energy sources has become vitally
important for the survival of humanity and all the other species on our shared Earth. So ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It explicitly does not "seek to replace Vt.'s current electric generation sources such as Vt. Yankee and Hydro–Quebec." And it "is not a mandate that Vt.
attain certain goals or that Vt. seek some sort of 'energy independence.'" The initiative does look to "encourage alternatives to relying on large–scale
fossil fuel facilities." And in so doing, "give the state more options for meeting its energy needs in the future." The document spells out how it would
help push these goals forward: through Legislative approval of $750,000 from the Petroleum Violation Escrow Fund for demonstration projects, an
extension on sales–tax exemptions to include solar hot–water and off–grid photovoltaic (PV) systems, "Green Pricing" programs, and a mandate to the
Public Service Board (P.S.B.) to formulate a renewable portfolio standard for utilities. This would mean that power companies would have to disclose,
among other things, how their electricity was generated and what the environmental impacts of this were. This was from 2001; in 2002 the Legislature
did in fact pass some of the measures. The purchase of off–grid power and hot water systems became exempt from sales tax (32 V.S.A 9741) and Gov.
Dean signed S.138 giving the P.S.B. authority to set disclosure standards for utilities.
In stark

Florida 's Energy : Addressing Climate Change
Cover Page
Florida's Energy Sector– Addressing Climate Change
Adopting Solar Energy Changes in Residential Homes to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Caleigh Hensley
Applied Economics & Environment Policy, Planning and Management
Audience
Primary: Residential, Industrial, Commercial
Secondary: Government, Academia
This proposed conference and session will address the necessary changes needed in Florida to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This panel will have
experts to discuss the policy change and benefits towards moving into a renewable energy economy. This proposal will be implemented within the next
five years.
4/18/15
Executive Summary
Conference Title: Florida's Energy Sector– Addressing Climate Change
Conference ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Currently in Florida, the net electricity generation from natural gas, "which accounted for 62% of Florida 's net generation; coal accounted for 21%, the
state's nuclear power plants accounted for 12%, and other resources, including renewable energy, supplied the remainder," (U.S. Energy Information
Administration – EIA – Independent Statistics and Analysis, 2014).
Florida's Energy use broken down into 4 sectors
Industrial: 11.7% (472.9 trillion Btu)

Commercial: 23.7% (956.9 trillion Btu)
Residential: 28.4% (1,146.1 trillion Btu)
Transportation: 36.1% (1,456.3 trillion Btu)
Conference Focus: Implement a new policy within five years to move into renewable energy, with a focus on solar power, while decreasing the use of
fossil fuels. This policy will examine the barriers to implement new renewable energy technologies that will decrease the carbon dioxide emissions and
identify ways to overcome these barriers through incentives, tax breaks, and attitudinal changes.
Session Proposal
Proposed Conference: Adopting Solar Energy Changes in Residential Homes to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Objectives for new policy:
Increase solar use by 30 percent in Florida
Implement tax breaks, incentives, and attitudinal changes for Floridian residents
Build new sustainable infrastructure
The use of solar power as a policy choice is based on the fact that it is an

Overview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia.
Overview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia.
The 2014 was a huge success to government which a total 396.61MW of renewable energy approved by the Sustainability Energy Development
Authority and its represent a total 466% year–on–year growth. The increase of the renewable energy represent years of planning and execution by
relevant authorities to regulate and draft policies that suits Malaysian environment. As sustainable industry and climate change are interrelated, often
the regulation and policies are overlapped.
The Malaysian governement acknowledge the importance of government's role in reducing climate change, therefore the history of Malaysian
government in regulating the policies can be traced back as far as 1992. Below are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two years later, Malaysian government had introduced theRenewable Energy Act 2011 to provide for the establishment and implementation of a special
tariff system to catalyse the generation of renewable energy and to provide for related matters. This new regulation demonstrated Malaysian
government is actively regulating and promoting renewable energy as part as climate change initiative. The Renewable Energy Act 2011 also
introduced a new industry to Malaysia which is the renewable industry and since then it has become a vital role, not so much because of economic
scale, but rather as responsible government for sustainable future,
In the same year, the Malaysian government had set–up Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) under the Sustainable Energy
Development Authority Act 2011. The main purpose of SEDA is to play its role as the focal point and advisor to the Minister with regards to
sustainable energy and climate change in Malaysia.
The Malaysian Tenth Plan (10th MP) has explicitly strategy on government plan for climate change and sustainable industry. Under the Thrust Four:
Improving the Standard and Sustainability of Quality Of Life, there are 2 chapters on climate change and sustainable industry which are:
1.Chapter 3: Ensuring Effective Sourcing and Delivery of Energy
2.Chapter 6: Developing a Climate Resilient Growth Strategy.
This is another clear example where government put the interest of climate change and

Renewable Energy : Possible Implications
Name
Professor
Class
April 19, 2015
Renewable Energy: possible implications to economic development Within the global economy where we are living today, energy consumption and
energy requirements have increased tremendously in large part due to industrial and agricultural activities; this is especially the case within emerging
countries as well as developed ones. According to Kazar and Kazar constant advances in technology in combination with the population growth have
led to higher levels of consumption which in turn has brought about the problem of energy requirements and increased energy consumption (1). The
old ways of relying on energy from fossil fuels is running thin because not only are fossil fuel resources becoming scarce but ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This link between renewable energy and sustainable development is also shown in the initiatives that are taken by world institutions such as United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). All of these
world organizations provide financial support to any project that is aimed to produce any form of renewable energy as well as aimed at improving the
quality of life by lowering the consumption of energy that comes from fossil fuels. Recently, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) has published a report whereby it suggests that renewable energy has an impact on economic growth and furthermore it
highlights ways on how to utilize renewable energy to positively affect rural development (OECD). The causal relationship between economic
development and energy consumption stems from the first study introduced by Kraft and Kraft in the year of 1978. This particular study that was more
based on the US economy ended up with findings that suggested that economic development caused higher energy consumption. However, later on a
study conducted by Yu and Choi in the year 1985 expanded upon the study initially undertaken by Kraft and Kraft and came to the conclusion that the
causal relationship between economic development and energy consumption derived different results for various countries. Afterwards, various other
studies were undertaken to examine whether high use of

The Hybrid Application Of Hegelian And Kantian...
Does the hybrid application of Hegelian and Kantian philosophical policy paradigms illuminate the course of change in the Colorado renewable energy
standards?
Based on existing research, some contend the application the applications of a Hegelian and Kantian philosophical policy paradigm illuminates the
course of change in the Colorado renewable energy standards. Prior to 2004, Colorado electricity was supplied by 60 utilities that generated using
primarily coal and natural gas, along with some hydroelectric power. Colorado utilities were not required to use renewable energy sources, but
approximately two percent of electricity generated came from the renewable energy sources. Only sixteen states have adopted renewable energy
requirements, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the ballot called for requiring costumer rebates and other incentives for solar generation; providing incentives for utilities to invest in
renewable energy resources that benefit consumers; limiting price impact of renewables to 50 cents per month for residential consumers; prohibiting
utilities from using condemnation or eminent domain to acquire land for generating facilities; and requiring utilities with requirements contracts to
address shortfalls from the standards The proposal required Colorado utilities with 40,000 or more customers to generate or purchase a percentage
of their electricity from renewable sources according to the following schedule: 3 percent from 2007 through 2010; 6 percent from 2011 through
2014; and 10 percent by 2015 and thereafter. Of the electricity generated each year from renewable sources, at least 4 percent must come from solar
technologies. Initially, nine Colorado utilities serving over 80 percent of the state 's electric customers will be required to comply with this proposal
(40 CRS В§2124).
In 2007, the Colorado General Assembly increased the RES by passing bill HB07– 1281, raising the state's goal to twenty percent by 2020. It also
increased the retail impact limitation from 1% to 2% (40 CRS В§2124). In 2009, the Assembly passed Senate Bill 09–051, which allowed third parties
to sell electricity from solar facilities located on customer's property to that end use customer (24 CRS В§38.7–101.5). Then in 2010, the

Current Lack Of Renewable Energy Essay
Current Lack of Renewable Energy in Developing Nations
The supply of energy in developed nations seems abundant and endless, making it a commodity that is often taken for granted. However, in
developing countries, people do not have the luxury to waste energy, as it can be a struggle for it to last an entire day. For instance– in Lebanon, there
are daily blackouts because not enough electricity is produced to meet the demand. A temporary fix during these blackouts are diesel generators but a
permanent solution is still needed [5]. Renewable energy must be the long term and sustainable solution. Like most developing countries, Lebanon has
expressed interest in having their own renewable energy source, but the country cannot afford the initial startup and maintenance. Therefore, Lebanon
and other developing nations continue to rely on non–renewable energies such as fossil fuels as their sources of energy. However, this has become an
increasingly important issue as those sources continue to deplete rapidly. Unfortunately, renewable energy is not an important concern for the
governments of these nations. "In nations where a significant portion of the population still lack access to basic energy services, the worry about
long–term environmental sustainability is often overshadowed by more immediate concerns about energy access and affordability" [6]. Due to more
pressing concerns, the government overlooks the importance of integrating a renewable energy generation

The Benefits Of Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is defined as using resources that are easily replenished such as water, the sun, or wind, as forms of energy. So why should citizens
of the Earth use renewable energy? Many people use renewable energy because of the environmental benefits and the economic benefits or in order to
preserve the nonrenewable resources. Using renewable energy sources provides many different benefits for society and for the environment, but they
also have drawbacks that makes the use of renewable energy a controversial topic.
Since the beginning of ancient civilizations, alternative or renewable energy has been used. Before the discovery and development of coal,
renewable energy was the only type of energy available. Hot springs were used for cooking and bathing and wood was burned for heat and light.
As new technologies and inventions emerged, renewable sources became easier to use. Inventions like the water wheel, which harnessed the power
of the water to grind grain, the windmill, which used the wind to pump water, or fireplaces, which allowed wood to warm a house. During the late
1800s there were many advancements in the technology for renewable energy. Charles Fritts, an American inventor, invented the first solar cell, the
first automatic wind turbine is created by American inventor Charles Brush, the first solar water heater is patented by Clarence Kemp, and Poul
LaCour generates electricity using a wind turbine in Denmark (Staff). Going into the 1900s, solar water heaters become popular and are installed in
50,000 homes, but the popularity dies down after cheap natural gas is preferred (Staff). In 1936, the Hoover Dam is constructed to produce
hydroelectricity. Continuing through the 1900s, solar cells and wind turbines are being revised to collect, store, and transfer more energy. In 1980, the
first solar cell power plant is dedicated at the Natural Bridges National Monument in Utah (Staff). This solar cell plant is just the first of many to be
built and provide energy to thousands of homes all across the world. Within recent years, the push to use clean energy is high. "According to the
International Energy Agency, renewables represent the "world's second largest electricity source (Staff).'" Many

The Effects Of Drilling On Offshore Drilling
To spark a drastic change, typically something drastic and eye opening needs to occur. Looking back in recent United States history, there have been
many accidents, attacks, and natural disasters that have sparked conversation as well as legislation for change. The BP oil spill in the Gulf of
Mexico, which began on April 20, 2010 and raged on for months caused tremendous devastation and pollution to the ecosystem. Discussion about
offshore oil drilling and regulations was inevitable after the spill. In President Obama's Oval Office speech after the spill, he makes a claim that
offshore drilling must be more strictly regulated, and a shift towards clean, renewable energy must be made. In light of this disaster this is a
controversial claim due to the United States current reliance on offshore drilling and the scandalously close relationship between oil companies and the
agency that regulates them. Although Americans benefit from offshore drilling with cheaper oil prices and affordableenergy, and companies benefit
from loose regulations with high profitability, ecosystems and natives suffering through the spill would argue that these benefits do not outweigh the
cost. When President Obama claims that strict regulation on oil drilling and a shift toward renewable energy through policy implementation, he
threatens a powerhouse market that is a major player in the economy. He also creates a divide in schools of thought over the reach government through
regulation. This paper

Renewable And Alternative Energy Policies

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Mellisa Hedeen

More from Mellisa Hedeen (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Renewable And Alternative Energy Policies