Raphael Sanzio

Raphael Sanzio
RAPHAEL SANZIO
Raphael was one of the most important artists of the Italian Renaissance. Raphael painted and
designed many brilliant pieces of work and the stanzas inside the Vatican. He was a master at such
necessities of modern art such as depth and perspective and the use of light and shadow, and was the
turning point styles of paintings like the use of Madonnas in paintings. Through his short life,
Raphael would make some of the most awe–inspiring, beautiful, and influential works of art during
the Italian Renaissance.
Raphael whose full name was Raphael Sanzio, (also known as Raphael Sanzi), was born on April
6th, 1483. He was born in the town of Urbino, Italy, where he would spend his childhood life until
he was 11 years old. His ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1508, at the age of 24, Raphael was invited to the Vatican by Pope Julius II. Raphael was
summoned to the Vatican to paint things like stanzas, and was probably recommended to the pope
by Domato Bramante, an architect. He was immediately well liked by the pope and everyone else at
the Vatican due to his personality; Raphael was a nice, gentle, and sensitive individual. As Giorgio
Vasari once said about Raphael, "Raphael was so gentle and so charitable that even animals loved
him, not to speak of men." (Ruskin, p. 132)
In order for Raphael to paint stanzas Pope Julius II ordered some old frescoes to be washed away
from the Vatican walls. Although he made many stanzas, he only painted one stanza: the Stanza
della Segnatura. In the other stanzas that Raphael would make, Raphael would sketch the stanzas
and his pupils would paint whatever he sketched. In the Stanza della Segnatura, there was a stanza
for each of the four walls.. Each side represented a topic. The four sides were about theology,
poetry, philosophy, law. Each topic was represented with a painting. Theology was represented by
Disputa, poetry by Parnassus, Jurisprudence represented law, and the extremely famous The School
of Athens represented philosophy. He started working on these stanzas in early 1509 and finished in
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Courtship And Women In The Courtier By Baldassare Castiglione
The Courtier, originally written as a "courtesy book", can now be considered to provide significant
insight into the norms and practices associated with courtship and gender during the Renaissance
era. The book's third volume is a particularly insightful window into 16th century romantic ideals.
Throughout Book Three, Baldassare Castiglione builds an elaborate perspective on what makes the
perfect court lady, what sexual and social behavior is acceptable, and how an ideal couple (both
courtier and court lady) should function. The characteristics of a "perfect" woman have clearly
changed over time, and The Courtier proves this throughout conversations in the third volume.
Some desired qualities are common to both the courtier and the court ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Women were also expected to maintain their social positivity and kindness by never speaking or
listening to evil about other women. Men hearing these women speak evil would appear to "listen
gladly" but ultimately "hold such women in small respect" and "esteem them so lightly as to despise
their company" (177.) From the accounts held in The Courtier of women in the Renaissance, it can
be said that women were almost considered to be "status symbols" during this time period. Some
men aimed to treat women with courtesy and respect but never viewed them as true equals. Women
were expected not to make a fuss, not to speak up too loudly, and to act positive and apolitical at
every turn, resulting in a stifling lack of agency. As a whole, women were expected to be seen and
not heard, ultimately having a scarce role in the era. Even still, misogyny and hatred was ubiquitous
in this time period. The Magnifico's opinions on women and their role differed in many ways from
those of his friends, and this was maintained throughout the book. In particular, his thoughts starkly
contrast with those of Lord Gaspar. Gaspar, an avowed misogynist, continuously argues for the
inferiority of women. He believes himself to be doing women a favor by telling them how inferior
they are, rather than giving them "false" praise like The Magnifico. "Do not give us that name, my
lady," replied Gaspar, "for it better befits my lord Magnifico, who by

Write About the Ways in Which Auden Tells the Story in...
I feel that Auden tells the story of Miss Edith Gee extremely well, using a wide variety of literary
techniques to make it an interesting but disturbingly thought–provoking read. The story shows how
our protagonist is surely going about her life, in the eyes of others, as if nothing is wrong, but when
she is alone she wonders if anyone does care about her.
The initial exposition is extremely sympathetic towards Miss Gee. "Now let me tell you a little story
about Miss Edith Gee" is a cruel way to open the narrative as Auden instantly belittles her character
and makes her seem insignificant, whereas she is actually the main, if not only character we meet in
detail. This technique is effectives the reader then feels that she is ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This make me, as a reader feel that she is pessimistic and doesn't really stop thinking and relax for
just a moment. In this same stanza, at line 15, the back–pedal brake is described as "harsh". This is
effective imagery as it has two different connotations. There could be the fact that it is a hard and
rusty back–pedal brake, but there is also the metaphor that she is on a bike ride, a symbol for her
monotonous life, and she is constantly held back by this brake that is stiff and harsh when triggered,
possibly meaning that she is held back in life by the way she lives her life and how dull it is.
The way in which irony is introduced in stanza 5, where Auden says that Miss Edith Gee attends St.
Aloysius church, is clever because St Aloysius overcame his disease of the plague, whereas Miss
Gee has a substantially different fate. This again, may be seen by some to be Auden mocking Edith
Gee and her 'insignificant' life.
Miss Gee looks for guidance as she gazes up to the stars and dialogue is introduced with "Does
anyone care that I live in Clevedon Terrace on one hundred pounds a year?" She seems to be crying
out for attention or perhaps someone to care for her and love her, but it seems that she is cruelly
denied this desire.
She does find something to bury her thoughts in, and it so happens to be the vicar of her local
church, whom she has sexual fantasies and desires about. Her desires start off to

Baldassare Castiglione's Book 'The Courtier'
Artem Kemenyash
Jesse Locker, Ph.D.
SINQ – UNST 236E
12/01/2015
Baldassare Castiglione and his book "The Courtier"
Research Question:
How does Baltassare Castiglione interpret the idea of perfect courtier in his book "The Book of the
Courtier"?
"The Courtier "is an influential book written by Baldassare Castiglione in the 1516.The work was an
example of a courtesy book, dealing with questions of the etiquette and morality of the courtier, and
was very influential in 16th century European court circles. To fully understand the book and
purpose of writing this book we need to take a look at the author's biography.
Baldassare Castiglione was an Italian courtier, diplomat, soldier and a prominent Renaissance
author who famous of his authorship ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This book is a dialogue set in a connecting narrative, with nineteen men and four ladies taking part
in discussions over four evenings at the Court of Urbino. Their conversations were about "who is a
perfect courtier". Their conversations include topics such as youth and adultness, language and
weapons, education and love. His work is written in easy for reading style and have some
humoristic style. In the book of the Courtier the first book provides the material cause of the
courtier, the "good conditions and qualities" out of which the courtier will be formed. Ludovico di
Canossa talks about the physical and moral qualities of the ideal courtier, which may change under
the influence of chance and the vicissitudes of life. These conditions and qualities include noble
birth, the profession of arms, stature and skills in arms, horsemanship and other physical activities,
speaking and writing skills, virtues, and cultural accomplishments such as music and drawing.
In the 2nd book, that takes place on 2nd evening of dialogs, having learned what the qualities of the
courtier are, reader can learn how these qualities can be used. Federico Fregoso intends to
demonstrate, the ways and circumstances in which a court has to confirm their

The Prince And Machiavelli: Characteristics Of The Ideal...
Machiavelli believes that the ideal prince would have all the qualities that would be considered
"good" and would have none of the qualities that people would deem "bad". These good qualities
would be courage, strength, compassion, and having consistent beliefs/stances. Machiavelli also
acknowledges that it is impractical in the real world for a prince to only have "good" qualities. For a
prince to maintain his power, it is necessary for him to have some "bad" qualities such as
deceitfulness and ruthlessness. Castiglione, on the other hand talks about the qualities of an ideal
courtier. His description of an ideal courtier is similar to Machiavelli's "good" traits of a prince.
However, unlike Machiavelli, Castiglione does not say that a courtier should have bad traits as well.
Castiglione's ideal models create conflicts with reality. If a courtier is to essentially be the Prince's
right hand man, he would need to be able to have "bad" qualities to help the prince hold on to his
power. Machiavelli was an official in the Florentine Republic, this can help us guess that his goal in
writing The Prince could be to try and convince others of what kind of ruler is needed to bring
prosperity to the republic. Castiglione's work on the other hand seems to be more ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The men believe that "we shall state very simply that it is enough if he is, as we say, a man of
honour and integrity." This show that having virtue is the only trait that is thought to be truly
necessary, since it was stated that it is enough if the man is just a man of virtue and nothing more.
This is the main disparity between Castiglione and Machiavelli's ideals. Castiglione would believe
in what Machiavelli believes to be a fairytale ideal, Machiavelli would claim that a virtuous courtier
could not be a good courtier because he could not properly help the prince, without exhibiting some
traits of

The Magnifico Analysis
The Magnifico's opinions on women and their role differed in many ways from those of his friends,
and this was maintained throughout the book. In particular, his thoughts starkly contrast with those
of Lord Gaspar. Gaspar, an avowed misogynist, continuously argues for the inferiority of women.
He believes himself to be doing women a favor by telling them how inferior they are, rather than
giving them "false" praise like the Magnifico. "Do not give us that name, my lady," replied Gaspar,
"for it better befits my lord Magnifico, who by bestowing false praises upon women shows that
there are none true of them" (186.) Gaspar simply doubles down on his attitude when confronted.
"Certain it is," said Gaspar, "that the little good they sometimes do proceeds from fear, since there
are few in the world who in their secret hearts do not hate their husbands" (193.) The Magnifico
meets all of Gaspar's arguments with counterexamples to prove women are not always as Gaspar
claims they are, but Gaspar simply deflects these with logical fallacies. "Those arguments that have
experience against them do not seem to me good; and certainly if I were to ask you who these great
women were... I think you would be embarrassed," stated Gaspar (190.) The Magnifico also held
disagreements with others, particularly over whether or not women should engage in physical
pastimes. "And in my time I have seen women play tennis, handle weapons, ride, go hunting, and
perform nearly all the exercises that a

Baldassare Castiglione The Book Of The Courtier
The idea of Renaissance Self–Fashioning introduced by Stephen Greenblatt, permeated the
Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries by outlining the process in which sophisticated high
class citizens fashioned their image to fit the acceptable standards of the public. Baldassare
Castiglione's literary work, The Book of the Courtier is the epitome of this idea and recites the
specific qualities and actions a courtier should do at court to be well respected amongst his peers
and succeed in his craft. Castiglione connects the idea of Self–Fashioning directly to the everyday
ordeal of court courtiership by specifically illustrating the actions and qualities that make a perfect
courtier. Renaissance Self–Fashioning in its fashioning of the noblemen and women of court
allowed these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, as court became more formal and the manner in which nobles were expected to act got
more complicated, Baldassare Castiglione's work, The Book of the Courtier offered a convenient
guide for courtiers to bring honor to their name. In writing the Book of the Courtier, Castiglione
drew from his own experience in the court of the Duke of Urbino while creating fictional scenarios
and debates to express the important qualities a courtier must possess. Courtiers were expected to
dress appropriately for court while being well versed in the classical and fine arts. If the courtier is
young, he is expected to be active in sports otherwise if he is older he is expected to have
knowledge of such things. Castiglione stressed being a good speaker and using this ability to
enthrall the court with his knowledge and passion on subjects like philosophy. A prime example of
this lies in the fourth book of the courtier where by Lord Bembo after expressing his passionate

Renaissance Education In The Renaissance
The renaissance education changed as time went on. The views, values, and purposes went through
a metamorphosis throughout the years of the renaissance.
In the beginning of schooling around 1450, the focus was reading and writing. Then people started
to take a more humanist perspective and put their values in knowledge more and being experienced
in multiple areas.
Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini was a humanist from Italy who later became a pope. In 1450 he said
that reading and learning from others in the past was crucial. According to him the most important
things in school were philosophy and writing.(doc 1). He believed that reading and writing were
very important and of high value. In 1528 Baldassare Castiglione wrote from a similar ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the year 1511, theologian and humanist Desiderius Erasmus wrote about schools and learning. In
this he told about being able to read in prose and verse as well as studying the past.(doc 3). From his
perspective he believed it was important to learn from such as the Greeks and Romans and gather
the past. As a theologian it would make sense for him to think these things. As it turned out lots of
features in that society were derived from Greeks and Romans and some of them religious. If you
think about it the whole concept of the Bible is based on the past. A while later in 1622 John
Brinsley who was a schoolmaster wrote about learning as well. But in his piece spoke out about how
school weren't teaching the right things.(doc 6). The students weren't learning any context they just
knew some Latin that wouldn't do them anything. In the end, the purpose of schools were to teach
kids more about the current world and less about the past.
The methods and measures went through quite a dramatic transformation over the renaissance era.
Some school ordinances from 1559 were highly religious.(doc 4). The rules of the school were
about visiting pastors and maintaining peace with God. Michael de Montaigne started to question
the the school system. He was a French essayist and politician, so in a very formal format he was
calling out to the European people and questioning the system(doc 5). Going into document

Renaissance And The Role Of Women In The Renaissance
The fifteenth and sixteenth century Europe witnessed the increase of wealth, due to the revival of
classical teachings– the Renaissance period– that would later cause the imbalance of churches and
the division of religion– the Reformation. However, at the same time, there was a dispute of the
status and role of women that would constantly recur throughout history. Initially, in the period of
the Renaissance, women were viewed as an irrelevant topic, where they were not as important as
men. Yet, in the Reformation, men were beginning to acknowledge that women were equal to them.
Therefore, the view of the women were better in the Reformation than the Renaissance that affected
the Les Querelles des Femmes.
Before the Renaissance, women did not have any voice in society. They would only be members of
a household, under the order of her husband. They did not have any occupational experience, but
would stay home and watch the children and the house, until the men got back from their job. That
was there one and only role. Women were not educated or allowed to go to school. Members of the
church and her offices would only be fulfilled by men. Women would not be trained or expected to
do anything of importance, but gossip. This pattern was seen throughout the board of poor and
wealthy women before the Renaissance.
However, even in the Renaissance, the idea of the women were not much different. In this period,
women were continuing to be wives of men, producing children in the household. Other than that,
men would do everything else. Yet, this was the time of a classical revival where education and
literacy would increase, allowing women to be learned. In 1405, Christine de Pisan, a woman who is
a Medieval scholar, teacher, and writer, wrote the City of Ladies to defend all women from the male
critic. She believed that women should not be so easily degraded by men because it was not the sex
that determined one's' status, but conduct and virtue (Doc 1). However, she did not change anything.
She only brought up a topic that society would quickly reject by saying that women do not have the
virtue of high understanding like men. In 1430, a male, Italian painter, writer, and architect, Leon
Battista

Castiglione And Modern Day Courtiers
Castiglione and Modern–Day Courtiers
Baldassare Castiglione 's massively popular novel, The Book of the Courtier, shook the European
literary world when it was first published in 1528. His work created a guidebook for courtly
mannerisms and values. Though The Courtier offers viewpoints on everything from politics, gender
roles, and fashion, Jacob Buckhardt, author of "The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy", claims
that "the true subject of The Book of the Courtier is the perfection of noblemen at court" (qtd. in
Epstein). Though this was possibly one of the subjects that Castiglione originally intended for the
book, courts are now obsolete. How is one supposed to relate to a centuries–old text concerning
something that no longer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ideal courtier, Castiglione writes, "must put every effort and diligence into outstripping others a
little, so that he may be always recognized as better than the rest."...He is to accomplish this through
sprezzatura, the art of artlessness, or the art that hides art. (Epstein) According to Castiglione, it is
absolutely necessary for a courtier to embody this trait. He repeatedly commands that the perfect
courtier must be able to "play very lightly with our words, and avoid those that make the sally flat or
that seem forced" (133) and to "mingle good sense with what he says and does" (80). Castiglione
claims that the way to achieve sprezzatura is through "observ[ing] different men of the same
calling...our Courtier must steal this grace from all who seem to possess it, taking from each that
part which shall most be worthy praise" (34). In a sense, imitatio, a Latin term meaning to imitate a
style but improve upon it (or "do it better"), can be used to create the image of sprezzatura. By
taking the best qualities of the most dignified and high–ranking of men and applying them to his
own life, a courtier can achieve this sought–after nonchalance. We still use sprezzatura today; many
people seem to be born with the ability to look effortless in all that they do, and even more

Leonardo Bruni, Niccol?? Machiavelli And Baldassare...
The Renaissance was a thriving time in human history where ideas were beginning to spread to
massive audiences. This cultural rebirth brought on new ways of thinking, which, in turn, brought
on criticisms about the state of society. One aspect of society that was subject to public criticism
was the government and how it functioned. Since they were able to reach wider audiences, myriad
authors and scholars began publishing prose that critiqued the state of the government and offered a
fresh perspective on how it should run. Three critiques, written by Leonardo Bruni, Niccolò
Machiavelli, and Baldassare Castiglione, show different perspectives on how the government should
function, some of which carry over into modern day. Leonardo Bruni, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He felt that a leader must be sly and must not make any promises because "[people] are dishonest
and do not keep faith with [the government]" (Machiavelli). Essentially, Machiavelli thought that
citizens only cared about their current needs and not about what was best for their society. Despite
his cynical view of those being governed, Machiavelli deemed that a government would be most
effective if it did not adopt a policy of absolute authority. He was certain that providing its people
with representation would allow a government to operate smoothly. Being born into nobility,
Baldassare Castiglione was able to make his way through the court systems of Europe. He
impressed royals with his ability to be the "perfect gentleman", which helped him gain positions in
different European governments. The time spent in government work provided the material for one
of Castiglione's most famous writings, The Courtier. Castiglione was more partial to those who were
of noble birth, as he was of noble birth himself. He also felt that those who serve the government
should always be prepared for war, that they should be "bold and strong, and loyal...and always
among the first" (Castiglione), someone who is agile and prepared to protect those they serve.
Overall, Castiglione wanted someone who

The Book Of The Courter Castiglione Summary
Would Castiglione Like Competition Shows?
Competition television shows have made the world a better place! In "The Book of the Courtier"
there is a discussion about characteristics of a good courtier. One of the characteristics was
sprezzatura. This characteristic means that the courtier should go about showing off their skills and
talents in a nonchalance way, even if they worked hard behind the scenes. If Castiglione watched
television today his least favorite genre would be completion shows.
Importance Of Sprezzatura
Castiglione thought that sprezzatura was important to show skill as an effortless talent. He
highlights this point flat out by saying "Practice in all things a certain sprezzatura [nonchalance], so
as to conceal all art and make whatever is done or said appear to be without effort and almost
without any thought about it" (Bizzell & Herzberg, 2001, p.661). Even if a person practiced for
hours on end they should not let others know. Instead the skill should be presented as a natural
talent. Presenting a skill in this way keeps the audience in the dark on the preparation that went into
making the speaker come off as effortless. Consequently this point leads me to believe that
Castiglione would dislike completion shows because this goes against nonchalance.
Americas ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The offhandedness of the model's expression heightens anxiety in the reader by concealing the
back–breaking labor that went into the time consuming and prohibitively expensive task of being
fashionable" (Harris, 1993, p. 133). While the model in the moment they may have to push past
obstacles in their way to maintain a nonchalant attitude. Previously I mentioned that Castiglione
would disapprove the competition show Americas Next Top Model, but I think he would appreciate
print work. The magazine shows the nonchalance clearly and the audience is ignorant to the details
of the time and effort put into getting the

Castiglione: The Book Of The Courtier
Castiglione was a humanist diplomat and author of the Renaissance born on December 6th, 1478 in
Casatico, Italy. He was born of a noble family, and at 16, he went to Milan to explore humanist
studies at the school of Giorgio Merula and Demetrius Chalcondyles. 5 years later, Baldassare
returned home and served in Francesco Gonzaga's court of Mantua. Following the death of his
father, Castiglione transferred to the court of Urbino, a city that served as a bastion for humanist,
Renaissance intellectuals and artistry. In this court is when he wrote his pastoral drama Tirsi as well
as served as Urbino's ambassador to Rome. In 1521, Pope Leo X gave Baldassare an ecclesiastical
position where he was posted in Spain to report on the intentions of Emperor Charles V, with whom
he created a friendly relationship. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Book of the Courtier is a portrait of conversations within the Urbino court under Guidobaldo da
Montefeltro. The book covers the main topics of what makes a gentleman of the Renaissance, the
nature of nobility, women, love, and humor. Castiglione portrays the ideal courtier as elegant and
beautiful man who is athletic, of a warrior's spirit, and an intellectual who is knowledgeable of the
humanities, the classics, and fine arts. Eventually, on February 2nd, 1529, Baldassare Castiglione
died of a plague in Toledo, Spain. Castiglione was honored in death for writing one of the more
important and popular works of the Renaissance which presented ideas of masculinity, equality, and
others through a humanist perspective. Future philosophers revelled in Castiglione's works for

The Third Book Of The Courtier Analysis
The Perfect Lord, Lady, and Love
Introduction
The Book of the Courtier is a dialogue between members of an Italian court. This work was written
by the Italian writer, Baldesar Castiglione in 1528. The Magnifico is the main character and used to
display the author's viewpoint. Throughout the work, other characters, such as Lord Gaspar,
disagree with Magnifico's viewpoint. Ultimately, Magnifico's outlook is challenged many times in
the book, but with a literary device, Magnifico is given the opportunity to further his argument and
communicate his ideas. This essay will discuss the characters' views on the perfect lady,
Castiglione's viewpoint, gender roles in the Renaissance era, and the noble couple (Court Lady and
Courtier).
The Perfect Lady
In The Third Book of the Courtier, Magnifico and his friends described and debated the perfect lady
and her significance in society. With the Duchess's request in mind, Magnifico intended on
constructing the perfect lady whom he felt followed some things involving the Courtier, but not all
things. Firstly, Magnifico thought that "while some qualities are common to both (men and women)
and as necessary to man as to women, there are nevertheless some others that befit woman more
than man, and some are befitting to which women are strangers" (175.) Magnifico believed strongly
"women in their ways should not exhibit manners, words, gestures, and bearings common to men
but instead women should have a soft and dainty tenderness" (175.)

The Impact Of Education In The Middle Ages
During the time of the Middle Ages, life as a citizen saw little to no change. With the feudal system
in place, people were born into different social classes like Lords, Knights, and Serfs. However, it
was extremely difficult, if not impossible, to move up in one's class. Once someone was born into a
specific role in society, people believed that it was his or her fate to remain in that class. Also,
society was not progressing. One example of this can be seen in the Black Death. This "Black
Death," or, "Bubonic Plague," killed off nearly one third of the entire population. Civilians were
stunned, and did not know why this event occurred, or how to solve the problem. Nobody could
figure out how to stop the disease, because no medical advancements were taking place, and people
were uneducated. Education in the Middle Ages was not available to everyone, so many people
were illiterate, causing society's growth to pause. It became clear that people needed to change their
mindset in order for their lives to be better. This change came in the Renaissance time period, where
a significant growth in many areas of life occurred. The positive growth was so impactful that P.J.
O'Rourke, an American political journalist once said, "Not much was really invented during the
Renaissance, if you don't count modern civilization." People today look back on the Renaissance,
and embrace how it is considered as a rebirth period. The Renaissance was a turning point for
intellectual

Changes In The Italian Renaissance
Through history, there have been many periods of immense changes being made. In the 15th and
16th century, Italy underwent a monumental change known as the Italian Renaissance. Italy was not
a merged country, but rather in fact multiple independent city–states. Merchants needed to be the
best in order to gain wealth, support, and allies so they were able to acquire more power. This form
of power grew the Medici family into high respect and made Florence the epicenter of Italy and
resulted in the city–state's flourishing. The Medici gained respect from its advancements in
architecture and arts for example the Florentine Cathedral which was a disgrace because they
weren't able to make a dome shaped roof. Filippo Brunelleschi hired by the Medicis, was a huge
help to the architecture and art advancements, and fixed this catastrophe. Finding the solution to the
dome shaped roof brought ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Italian citizens gained great knowledge through the artists who depicted humanism and great life
morals. Italy's old philosophy gained by the Greek was that life had to be hard in order to succeed,
and grew up thinking that life was all about war, conquering lands, and required constant hard work.
In The Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione, "I remember having read that the ancients, especially
throughout Greece, had their boys of gentle birth study painting in school as an honorable and
necessary thing... Among the Romans too, it was held in highest honor...".(Syllabus, 12) Baldassare
realized that there was more to life other than the hard work that was necessary. He understood there
needed to be a change in life, and especially in the way the human race thought. This allowed the
people to change their lifestyle for the better allowing more free time, and allowed the Italian people
to become more literate due to the increase in wealth and time. Castiglione is depicted as one of the
most influencal people towards the change in humanity and

The Book Of The Courtier
The Renaissance can be described as a time of rebirth in Europe between the fourteenth and
sixteenth century, following the middle ages. It was an era of shift in the perspective of world view,
and increased interest in the revival of classical values and knowledge. This renaissance came about
as a reaction to the hierarchy and problems in the catholic church. Before the renaissance in the
fourteenth century, the catholic church, along with the Pope, held a great amount of power in society
and was at the top of the hierarchy above the state, household, and the individual. The Pope was
seen as the "broker" between man and God, which was seen when individuals would go to the
church to confess to God through the Pope. When issues in the Roman ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As society was changing and focusing on more humanistic values, so were the features of art,
music, and literary pieces. Renaissance Humanism consisted of focusing on the value of the
individual and more secular matter, reviving the classical past, and emotions and sentiment, which
are all expressed throughout Renaissance artwork. The School of Athens depicts the significance of
intellect and human potential through the most important scholars like Plato and Aristotle. The Book
of Courtier portrayed "the exaltation of human capacities and potential" through advice given by the
courtier about how to to be the "ideal Renaissance gentleman". Castiglione's work depicts the
importance of the value placed on the individual. Lastly, Flow My Tears represents the concept of
"emotional complexity and depth". Dowland used such emotional complexity when composing his
work, to accurately express the sentimental value of the Renaissance. Whether it be a painting, a
book, or an ayre, the concepts and values of the Renaissance were being represented. Change in art
was coinciding with the change and values in society. These works still remain significant today, as
they display the principles and values of the Renaissance

The Book of the Courtier Essay
The Book of the Courtier As a ship is without a sail or a king with no castle, so too is a courtier
without a Court lady. In "The Book of the Courtier" Baldesar Castiglione not only included a perfect
courtier, he also molded his female equivalent, a Court lady. "The Courtier" itself was a step by step
guide intended to instruct the young, affluent and upwardly mobile in areas of manners, learning,
sport and conduct. It was published in 1528, at a high point of humanistic thought and antiquarian
chivalric interest in Renaissance Italy. Often overlooked or undervalued is the discussion of the
ideal Court lady, described in eloquent and perfect detail by the characters of Caesar and Magnifico,
who was assigned by the Duchess to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She was also to have all the qualities common to women, like goodness, discretion, and good nature,
as well as being a competent house keeper, care giver and mother. Socially she was expected to be
charming, honest, and witty. Most important for the Court lady was to achieve a proper balance
between modesty and charm. She was especially advised to avoid any immodest conversation, such
as gossip, in order to avoid being thought of as unchaste by the men of the Court. She was to be
knowledgeable in a variety of subjects and be able to discern between the ranks of the people she
spoke with in order to have a suitable conversation topic for each. The Court lady was to have be a
good judge of character, be able to both joke and be serious, and avoid conversation topics she was
not familiar with, while being active in those she was. In all conversation she was recommended to
avoid affectation, or giving false impressions. Central to the character of the Court lady, much more
than the courtier, was the importance of being graceful in everything. Because of this she was
supposed to avoid any activity considered remotely masculine, especially strenuous physical
activities, and "should in no way resemble a man as regards her ways, manners, words, gestures and
bearing." She was instead expected to be soft, tender, sweet and gentle and to participate in more
graceful things like dancing and painting. Along with grace,

Honor and Sprezzatura in Much Ado about Nothing
Honor and Sprezzatura in Much Ado about Nothing Honor is an entity that is synonymous with
dignity, respect, and admiration. Life itself can be seen as a great pursuit of honor. However,
although human kind is enjoined in this pursuit, there exists considerable variability among
perceptions of how it is protected and gained. Shakespeare explores these perceptions as he brings
our attention to the idealistic and exuberant world of the courtier. Being at the apex of the social
pyramid, courtiers abide by a stringent structure of ideologies and philosophies whose foundation
rests on acting with honor and sprezzatura. Whereas honor is bestowed upon and achieved,
sprezzatura, a form of social elegance and grace, is a skill to be mastered by the courtier. As
Shakespeare intricately weaves the dynamic characters of Claudio, Benedick, and Hero in Much ado
About Nothing, he allows the reader to obtain a closer examination of the struggle of the courtier in
interpreting honor and exuberating sprezzatura. Claudio, a young, impulsive, and hot–headed
courtier, regards honor as comprising of strong diplomatic and political alliances. Claudio is
introduced to the play as a young count from Florence who has distinguished himself as a fine
warrior. However, although Claudio may have demonstrated maturity on the battlefield, the courtier
is greatly emotionally and psychologically immature. Despite this immaturity, Claudio justifies his
social position as a courtier by maintaining close

Book Of Courtier Essay
The Book of Courtier by Castiglione, is perhaps one of the most notable works written during the
Italian Renaissance, providing a clear picture of the nature and manner of society. From early ages
to present times, the human race and how the individual interacts and is ultimately perceived by
another, has been a key factor in the overall 'status' of the person. One's association with religion,
culture, science, politics, and other principles has been judged, and views shared on what a member
with elite status consists of. The Courtier is a unique book in historical literature that issues a
detailed description of the expectations of men and women during the fourteenth century, while still
applying to the lessons put forth by today's society. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each should be educated in history, literature, reading, writing, and arithmetic, while being well
learned of other areas in entertainment. Nevertheless, the manner, speech, gestures, and
responsibilities of women greatly differed from the men. The author wished for an elite woman to
come across as soft, delicate, sweet, and elegant in contrast to the strong, outspoken, and powerful
man. Most elite women also tended to be focused on the skills of writing, music, art, and dancing
while men dealt with politics, sports, architecture, and social accomplishments. These topics were
covered in the courtier from just a few excerpts, showing how much insight Castiglione provided to
the public eye about society itself. The release of this book sparked a transformation on much of
Europe and other neighboring countries, serving as one of the most influential Renaissance
documents. The Courtier was significant not only to the lives of those in the Renaissance, but also to
those in contemporary society. It is the hope of the general public for a person of success to
maintain that air of natural ease, portraying a vibrant, kind personality to others. An 'elite' member
of society should be educated, well spoken, and known for one's endeavors. Similarly, the
impression that success is earned through hard work pertained to Renaissance society as much as it
does to the 21st

Courtier
Mark Imber
Cultures 292
The Courtier – Response to Question 2 In the times of the Renaissance there were distinct social
levels throughout the hierarchy of the Roman culture. Through this hierarchy there were dukes,
serfs, peasants, aristocrats, and one specific group called "courtiers". The book written by, Baldesar
Castiglione, The Courtier helps define exactly what this social class consisted of. This book
highlights many of the areas in which one would need to excel at to be considered better than an
average man, and on his way to becoming a courtier. The main idea that being a courtier stems from
is that of a universal man, or known during the Renaissance, "unos universal". This was the idea of a
man who was able to be proficient ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sprezzatura, was a skill in which humanists really picked up on where they would were clothing
that was extravagant yet simple, as to show people that what they were wearing was not a huge
ordeal but they still look very good. Self–fashioning became very big during the Renaissance and it
became an integral part of being a courtier. Self–fashioning was the way in which you composed
yourself and the way physical appearance of yourself that others could see. The long–standing
phrase, "Don't judge a book by its cover" was tossed out the window if you wanted to become a
courtier. Your first impression was not only based on the way you acted but also the way you
dressed. Castiglione was very fond of this idea of the prowess of a man as an essential attribute of a
Courtier. It is one of the few ideals that are presented in this guideline that is not argued upon
between the two men.
This book is argued whether Castiglione was trying to put out a guideline as to how to become a
courtier or whether it was just on philosophical ideals. The book does present many of the
philosophical ideas that were rampant through the 16th century with the ideas of Socrates and Plato
and the emergence of philosophy in this era. However, I would argue that this book has too many
specific and particular aspects it mentions as to becoming a courtier that Castiglione was definitely
trying to show to people

The Courtier Ideology
If "The Book of the Courtier" by Italian diplomat and humanist writer, Baldassare Castiglione was
published in 2017, everyone would be enraged if they had to follow the ideals expressed in the
book. These ideals derive from the specific lifestyle of the age of Rebirth–the Renaissance. During
this era, people were forced to follow the norms of their gender. However, in today's society,
everyone is free to express themselves in the way that they desire. Compared to today's standards,
there was a distinct and disparate ideology of how a gentleman and lady should behave during the
Renaissance in order to achieve the label as well–rounded.
Back in the time of the Renaissance, men focused on various activities dissimilar from those of the
men in

Castiglione Vs Machiavelli Essay
In between the 14th and 17th century, a time period known as the Renaissance occurred, in which
modern literature, art, and music were revived and thrived throughout a large portion of Europe that
founded several differentiating ideas and views throughout its time. From the mid–1400s to the
mid–1500s several authors arose with varying views on how the government should act; however,
views such as these were strictly prohibited by both members of the Catholic church and Protestant
reformers, and were often viewed as heretical, which led to threats and attacks from these people as
a result. The recorded writings of three Renaissance authors, Niccolò Machiavelli, Desiderius
Erasmus, and Baldassare Castiglione, hold both similar and differing ideas, most notably on the
politics and government in their time.
Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince and Desiderius Erasmus' The Education of a Christian Prince were
written to educate the current and future princes on how to act and behave. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Erasmus was one of the first Christian Humanists and was a part of the Northern Renaissance, and
therefor outputted both his humanistic and Christian views into the creation of The Education of a
Christian Prince. Erasmus and Machiavelli both had differing views on war and toleration. Erasmus
believed that war was foolish as he stated in The Praise of Folly, and should be avoided at all costs,
and perhaps this was because the majority of his life was spent surrounded by war in the early 16th
century, and was said to have seen a couple hundred war soldiers tortured at the hand of a local
bishop. On the contrary, Machiavelli thought war to assert power and dominance, and that by
looting a city after raiding it he or the prince could gain his soldiers' trust,

Baldassare Castiglione, And Giovanni Pico Delia Mirandola
The Renaissance and Literature During the Italian Renaissance, many people began a new way of
thinking and with this new way of thinking, came literature. With these passages or books
characteristics of humanism, individualism, feudalism, and the interest in antiquity became clear.
The writings of Francesco Petrarch, Baldassare Castiglione , and Giovanni Pico delia Mirandola all
give insight to the beginnings of these ideas. Francesco Petrarch is a perfect example of a new found
fascination of antiquity through humanist teachings. In a passage from one of his literary pieces,
Petrarch scorns educators stating, "There has arisen of late a set of dialecticians, who are not only
ignorant but demented...They condemn Plato and Aristotle, and laugh at Socrates ... Show more
Castiglione shows an interest in humanist teachings in his book describing what the Courtier must
be, for example, "...I would have him well built and shapely of limb, and would have him show
strength and lightness and suppleness... I think the first should be to handle every sort of weapon
well on foot and on horse...and especially to be familiar with those weapons that are ordinarily used
among gentlemen..." In this quote Castiglione is explaining how strong a man should be if he were
the ideal Courtier, completely focusing on the importance of a human. As the book progresses,
Castiglione mentions that a Courtier, "...be also a musician and unless, besides understanding and
being able to read notes, he can play upon diverse instruments," as well as knowing how to play
tennis extraordinarily well and, "...that he does not seek or expect praise for it, nor let him seem to
devote much care or time to it, although he may do it admirably..." The whole focus of The Book of
the Courtier, is to describe how an individual human should act, what he should achieve, and what
he should know if he were seeking to become a

Gender In Canterbury Tales
The roles and expectations that coincide with gender are displayed in Jeffrey Eugenides' Middlesex.
By chronicling Cal Stephanides' family history, Eugenides displays the continual and generational
disconnect between sex and gender. As his focus shifts from one generation to the next, this
disconnect becomes more clear and prevalent, making gender identity an increasingly fluid concept.
In literature, a similar shift can be seen as eras and periods pass, reflecting the ideas within those
time periods regarding gender and sex and how they change. This including various texts from the
Ancient Period, Medieval Period, Renaissance Period, and Age of Reason such as the story of Lilith
from The Alphabet of Ben Sira, Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, Baldassare Castiglione's
The Courtier, and "To the Fair Clarinda" by Aphra Behn. Constantly evolving, gender has become
less defined by one's biological sex, and more so determined by personal comfortability either
within or outside of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Wife of Bath's Prologue" and "The Clerk's Tale" show what the ideal woman and man were as
opposed to the flawed an undesirable versions of women and men. Despite Chaucer utilizing
Griselda as a cautionary tale against blind submission and succumbence by exaggerating her traits,
she still represents the ideal woman of the Medieval Period. Griselda is a virtuous, fair young
woman admired by all. Her husband, Walter, puts her through intense emotional distress by telling
her to sacrifice her children, and she complies so she can remain loyal to him. She remains affable, "
[meeting guests] so cheerfully... with so much skill... that none could find a fault in how she treated
them" despite her inner affliction (Chaucer 350). The ideal Medieval woman is submissive, loyal,
affable, beautiful, and virtuous under any circumstance, just as Griselda

Essay about The European Renaissance
Renaissance Essay
The 14th, 15th and part of 16th century was a glorious time for Europe, it was the reformation of
many old ideas and the formation of many new, this was called the Renaissance. The Renaissance
brought many changes to Europe, the economy was greatly boosted by of all the new explorations.
The flourishing economy helped to inspire new developments in art and literature. And from that
many new beliefs were formed.
The European economy flourished during the Renaissance due to many factors. There was a large
income coming in from over seas exploration. Spain alone received added income from Christopher
Columbus and when he stumbled across North America on his way to find a shorter rout to the
Indies. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Michaelango painted the Sistine Chapel, which is located in the Vatican in Rome. The Sistine
Chapel depicted the book of Genesis. The manner in which it was painted was unlike another at the
time, all the characters in the Sistine chapel are very life like and realistic. Also it was one of the
first times that religion was painted by the painters opinion of the events. The arts led to new ways
of thinking.
With the arts the artists began to think on their own and those movements began to spread. It was
not just what the church said anymore that was right. Humanism, one of the new beliefs which was
formed during the Renaissance, said that people should read the works of the greats and focus on
writing, and the arts. Humanists believed that they were equal with the ancient Greek and Roman
writers and philosophers. Petrarch was the original humanist, and a writer who wrote many letters to
the people of ancient Rome. In those letters he spoke as if he was an equal with them. Another of the
new beliefs was scholasticism, which was the opposite of humanism. Scholastics thought that
people should spend more time the sciences, they also wanted the church and science to be brought
together as one. As new scientific discoveries were made many of the churches theories were
beginning to be questioned.
Some of the new scientific discoveries consisted of theories which went against the churches
beliefs. One theory which was proven true about

Francesco Petrarch Research Paper
During the time of the Italian Renaissance a complete shift in the psychology of the European mind
occurred which was caused by the new idea called humanism, forever changing the western
civilization. Humanism is the renewed focus on the value and capabilities of humans and their
existence. Powerful literature started to express expectations for an individual and the value placed
on human emotions. Famous writers such as Baldassare Castiglione and Francesco Petrarch were
able to share their thoughts on humanity and the society through their writing. Baldassare
Castiglione expressed his thoughts on humanism in The Courtier, "...Let him be well versed in the
poets, and not less in the orators and historians, and also proficient in writing verse ... Show more
Francesco Petrarch was commonly known as the "Father of Humanism" because he played a key
part in strengthening Florence, Italy to be known as the birthplace of humanism. Other authors to
follow such as, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccoló Machiavelli, and Dante Alighieri also all assisted in
allowing Florence to be responsible for the birth of humanism. Throughout Petrarch piece of work,
Africa, humanism is shown through his emotions on the changes of humanity. In Francesco
Petrarch's work, Africa he states, "For who can doubt that Rome would rise again instantly if she
began to know herself?"(Petrarch, 13). This meant that if the Europeans worked hard enough Italy
too could one day be rebuilt and brought back into existence, just like Rome. Similarly to
Castiglione, Francesco Petrarch believed that in order to be successful and succeed people had to
follow in the ways of the Roman Empire. Furthermore, Petrarch highlights his sadness and grief
over the fact that the ways of the Romans are slowly being forgotten. Society would be improved if
the ways of the Roman concepts and ways were brought back and strictly followed. Clearly
Francesco Petrarch's views also helped change humanity during the Italian

The Book Of The Courtier By Baldassare Castiglione
Baldassare Castiglione's book, The Book of the Courtier, was one of the most influential works of
the Renaissance period. In his book, Castiglione illustrates the ideal man of the Renaissance. He
describes the qualities that need to be possessed in order to become a perfect courtier. Furthermore,
he examines the role of both men and women in society, and offers a rather progressive viewpoint
on women. The book offers the readers comparison on the ideals of society then and now. According
to The Courtier, a Renaissance man must be a well–rounded person, educated in all aspects of
manners, conversation, and physical ability. A courtier, as stated in page 424 of the textbook,
"should be a person of humanist learning, impeccable ethics, refined courtesy, physical and martial
skills, and fascinating conversation." The qualities must be possessed in balance; there should be no
excess of one. Additionally, the courtier must have good judgement, generosity, and self–restraint;
these qualities should also be found in a woman. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, courtesan women were quite influential in the upper classes in the Renaissance. Like
courtier men, they had intellectual and artistic ability, as with Veronica Franco. Castiglione
describes the perfect Renaissance woman to be one of manners, conversation, and artisticc talent,
but also one who serves as a good mother and wife. Possessing these traits meant that courtesan
women could secure their future and possibly, climb up the stairs of societal rank. The important
role of the courtesans in aristocratic society altered how men looked towards women. In The
Courtier for example, Magnifico argues women to be as intellectually capable of understanding
issues of concern as

Baldassare Castiglione's The Book Of The Courtier
Baldassare Castiglione's The Book of the Courtier was one of the most widely read books of the
sixteenth century and appealed to and influenced the courts in Europe. Courtier answered the
question: "What constitutes a perfect courtier?" and defined those characteristics and skills to
fashion oneself into that ideal; especially the nobility. The "image" of an ideal courtier and set the
standard for what it meant to be a gentleman. Europeans, and particularly in England, fashioned
themselves in the "image" of Castiglione's ideal, and the image endures. All it took was Sprezzatura,
and lots of it.
During the Renaissance man began to think of himself as an individual with an ability to mold
himself and his personality. For the courtier, there ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And, since one can fashion oneself, except for the noble birth, most of the skills could be learned if
one had the time and patience. Still, Sprezzatura was not easily acquired, because it was a creation,
an illusion, and was difficult to carry off. The ideal courtier made the difficult look easy; therefore,
Sprezzatura was a true art, which did not seem to be art, but an appearance of unconcern, because
"everyone recognizes the difficulty of things that are rare and well done; warfare facility in such
things causes the greatest wonder."
The air in the mid–fifteenth century palace is rarefied, demanding both the expectation and
establishment of courtesy and fine manners. The group is essentially discussing who it is that
belongs in their very select company. The isolation of the court from the surrounding world allows
for the idealism on which the conversation is built and ensures that few practicalities intrude.
At the time, the move was toward political modernity and secularism and man began to think of
himself and his form. The Book of the Courtier realigned the ideals of manhood away from
medieval chivalry and toward Renaissance humanism. Pico, humanist contemporary of Castiglione,
philosophized on free will and human potential. In Oration on the Dignity of Man, he

How Is Castiglione Related To The Courtier
Castiglione believed that the quintessential courtier should be one who has good judgment, courage
and bravery, and was creative in writing and art. Castiglione believed that all courtiers should have
good judgment, even courtly women. The courtier and their friends would all benefit if the courtier
were to have good judgment and be able to interpret different types of situations that may arise. In
The Courtier, Castiglione states, "Both for his own sake and for that of his friends, he must
understand the quarrels and differences that may arise, and must be quick to seize and advantage"
(Castiglione, ❡2). Courtiers should maintain good judgment throughout their lifetime in order to not
embarrass themselves in the public eye. This trait is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Machiavelli asserts that leaders should have wisdom. This helps leaders because they should be able
to know when to be good to his people and when not. Machiavelli writes that a prince "should stick
to the path of good but, if the necessity arises, he should know how to follow evil" (Machiavelli,
❡6). Leaders should always follow the good when possible, but also should turn evil when needed.
It displays the readiness of a leader in different situations that may be presented at any moment and
generally helps when dealing with plights. Good judgment can be seen as traits both valued by the
21st–century person and by Machiavelli. Machiavelli also suggests that rulers should be
knowledgeable in history. In order to become a successful leader, one must also be able to interpret
other leaders' mistakes from the past and learn not to repeat them. Machiavelli says, "... the prince
should read the histories of all peoples and ponder on the actions of the wise men therein recorded
... examine the reasons for their victories or defeats in order to imitate the former and avoid the
latter..." (Machiavelli, ❡2). Leaders and rulers should maintain constant knowledge of the past and
know how not to repeat others' mistakes. It helps them improve themselves as to not letting the
mistakes of the past affect the future. Being knowledgeable in many different areas, including those
of history, is also important to the ideal 21st–century man. Machiavelli also stresses that having a
fake image towards the public is also a great virtue to have. It is said that the people judge a ruler
more on how they act than by their past. Machiavelli discusses that "a prince need not have all the
aforementioned good qualities, but it is most essential that he appear to have them" (Machiavelli,
❡5). He recommends that the prince should be able

The Renaissance: The Dawning of a New Age Essay
The age known as the Renaissance began in the fourteenth century. The word Renaissance means
rebirth, those alive in this era witnessed the dawning of a new age. It began as a literary movement
among the educated and upper–class men in northern Italian cities (Wiesner 210). Writers and artists
studied Roman models and Petrarch, a Renaissance writer, proposed a liberal arts curriculum in
order to recapture the previous glory of Rome. The philosophy of humanism became popular
bringing about the curiosity about life and learning, individualism, virtu, secularism, and the
classical past. Individualism emphasized the new importance of defining oneself by their own sense
of uniqueness and individuality instead of in the context of a group, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Education which calls forth, trains, and develops those highest gifts of body and mind which
ennoble men" (Wiesner 219). This quotation displays the importance of education for the
Renaissance men. Their education is important because he must use it to serve and know God, and
to serve the city/state (Wiesner 213). Most Renaissance men are courtiers, those who attend the
royal court as a companion or adviser to the king or queen. Castiglione, a 16th century Italian
aristocrat and author of The Courtier explain that a courtier must: "stand out from the rest as
enterprising, bold and loyal to whomever he serves" (Wiesner 221). Keep in mind, the Renaissance
man is a courtier, a refined upper class man; "average" men of Renaissance time period do not have
the same characteristics as a Renaissance man. Most Renaissance men were born into their wealth
or had a special talent like the artists of the day. The photo source one shows a self–portrait of
Albrecht Durer, as a renaissance man. He shows himself as well groomed, with poise posture and
hand gestures implying that he is a confident man. His faces looks relaxed, and refined as if he has
no current worries. Durer has an iron jaw covered with a beard, broad shoulders, that suggests his
strength and the slashes on his jacket sleeves suggest that he has been in battle, exemplifying his
bravery. His long curly goldilocks hair depicts his individualism and his

Baltasar Castiglione
Humanism, in the broad sense, means valuing the human being and the human condition. In this
sense, it is related to generosity, compassion and concern for the valuation of human attributes and
relationships.
It was a philosophical, intellectual and cultural movement that began in Italy in the fourteenth
century with the Renaissance and spread throughout Europe, breaking with the strong influence
exerted by the Catholic Church on all orders of life during the Middle Ages.
Baldassare Catiglione
Baldassar or Baltasar Castiglione; Is considered a high figure of humanism since he was a member
of a noble family, who studied in Milan, and where he received a humanistic and courteous
education.
Born in, Casatico, Mantua, in the year 1478. He was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In it he describes the Renaissance's ideal of life and advocates a model of a gentleman who responds
to the anxieties and the worldview he had at that time: the perfect gentleman should be as expert in
weapons as in letters, know how to converse and Deal with others (especially with ladies), and play
some musical instrument.
In the first dialogue there is much talk about the birth and varied education of the gentleman; In the
second, of his qualities as a social man and his attitude in the different circumstances; The third
draws the ideal of the perfect lady of the palace; The fourth deals with the relations of the courtier
with the prince, and closes with a dissertation on platonic love, a dissertation carried out by Bembo,
the most credited theoretician in this matter.
Conclusion
Finally, thanks to this little research and reflection on Baldassare Castiglione, I think he is a great
writer whose works have been very successful at the time and was an example to follow. He taught
through his best known work, the courtier, how to learn to be a good man; Educated, wise and
polite, and considered a great humanist and Renaissance writer not only for his works, but for the
life he led during his 51

Why The Prodigy Artist Is Intrigued By Them
Question 2 Leung Ka Ho (s1659467)
RAPHAEL, LETTER TO POPE LEO X, ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS:
WHY THE PRODIGY PAINTER IS INTRIGUED BY THEM
Architectural drawings, despite its many crude forms, has existed long before the time of the Italian
painter–architect Raphael Sanzio da Urbino. Nevertheless, with reference to Wolfgang Lotz, the
prodigy painter's letter to Pope Leo X has been regarded as the trailblazer of "the rendering of
interior in architectural drawings". Such fundamental foundations to architectural drawings are in
fact the collaborative work of Raphael and several individuals, more specifically intimate friend
humanist Baldassare Castiglione, translator of Vitruvius' De Architectura Fabio Calvo and teams of
scholars due to his inept expression through literal means. As a result, at least three versions of the
letter are created (in chronological order of the date of publication or discovery) : a now–lost
manuscript owned by Scipione Maffei in a collection of works of Baldassare Castiglione published
by the Giovanni Antonio and Gaetano Volpi in Padua (1733); a Munich manuscript published in
1847; and a draft with the first parts of the letter that could decipher the complete text surfaced in
the Castiglione family archives in Mantua and later published in 1910. The letter sets up the
rudimentary foundations for architectural drawings to flourish and its significance is twofold: to
depict Renaissance

The Book of the Courtier' by Baldassare Castiglione: A...
Baldassare Castiglione paints a complex picture concerning the idea of courtesy during the sixteenth
century. However, many of the ideas it addresses are largely considered to be outdated today and
many would consider some of them to be absurd. It possible, although, to be a gentleman or a lady
in the contemporary society as long as one takes into account a series of principles that dominate
thinking in the present. In order to be a well–rounded person in the contemporary society one would
first have to be educated, as it provides the opportunity to enrich knowledge and to develop the
ability to interact with others on a higher level. Interaction is another important concept that one
needs to consider, as by developing strong relations with people regardless of their status, he or she
is more likely to experience progress. The individual needs to be able to put across a feeling of grace
in order to be appreciated by persons he or she interacts with. Survey 1. Would you choose to
befriend a well–educated person rather than someone 'normal'? 2. Do you believe nonchalance is a
key attribute in a successful person today? 3. Does someone need to have a lot of friends in order for
him or her to be happy? 4. How do you react when you interact with someone you consider to be a
perfect gentleman or a perfect lady? 5. When did you last see someone you considered to be a
perfect gentleman or a perfect lady? Leslie Ronson, 42, stay–at–home mom: 1. I believe that being
friends with

How Did Humanism Influence The Italian Renaissance
Viewing a complete shift in the psychology of the European mind, inspiring literature of this
Renaissance time period heavily influenced the thoughts and views of humanity. This belief in the
capabilities and views on the revival of humans, known as humanism, impacted not only
revolutionary advancements, but also positive emotions of people. At this point in history, countless
people in Europe viewed their society as a failure because it could not produce the successes, nor
the achievements of the Roman empire. Instead, the overall mood of the society was very morose,
for the architects were not even aware, or knowledgeable of how to finish off the domes of churches
in Florence. Furthermore, the people living in Italy needed to change their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From art brought on by the Medici family, to literature produced by some of the most well–known
and renowned authors, concepts of humanism emerged. This then resulted in a more positive
outlook on life during the Italian Renaissance. Moreover, Francesco Petrarch, the "Father of
Humanism," paved the way for successful eras in Florence, the epicenter of the Renaissance. The
conditions of Rome as described by both Baldassare Castiglione and Dante Alighieri crucially
inspired the artistic and literary Renaissance of Italy. Reviving Rome lead to a faith in humans,
allowing revolutions to build off of the past, as opposed to starting from the beginning. Obviously
key factors as demonstrated by the infamous writers Baldassare Castiglione and Dante Alighieri
forever and crucially impacted western

Hamlet Gender Roles
Rebecca Nottke
Dr. Lawson
HUM–1010–42
Nov. 15th, 2017
Gender: Women, the Lesser Sex Throughout the Ages When one thinks of art and religion, one may
think of gender role defiance and non–conformism. While this may be generally true in present
times, it was not always this way. Women and men have had distinctly different places in society,
these places often being unequal. Generally most well–known works throughout the ages have
adhered to and represented what society regarded as the proper gender roles for men and women.
This is represented in three works of art which will be discussed: Hamlet by William Shakespeare,
The Courtier: Book 3 by Baldassare Castiglione, and Luncheon on the Grass by Eduoard Manet.
While these three forms of art come from different times and are of different mediums, they are
connected in that they follow and represent the gender roles of their time. Hamlet is regarded by
many as Shakespeare's most well–known work. A tragedy focused on revenge, this work awed the
Elizabethan audience with its shocking themes and content. The play follows Hamlet, a prince who
is fixated on avenging his father, who was murdered by Hamlet's uncle Claudius. Throughout the
entirety of the play, Hamlet behaves erratically and irrationally, focused entirely on revenge. This
play features two prominent female characters, Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and Ophelia, a girl in
love with Hamlet. Out of the entire cast, these are the only two females with names, and they are not

Women And Women In Baldassare Castiglione's The Courtier
During the Renaissance, people changed the way they thought about art, science, religion,
philosophy, and government. New standards for the way people should act were developed.
Expectations for both the men and women were not only being changed in this era, but they were
also being defined in many publications. Through some of the virtues that Baldassare Castiglione
lists in The Courtier, both women and men's role were starting to be defined. Important factors to be
an ideal man was to be loyal to the prince, participate and possess the skills of physical activities,
and be knowledgeable in the art of war. For women, they must have some sort of attribute that
relates to their beauty, be knowledgeable in the arts, and be the ideal housewife.
"The Courtier" was a step by step guide intended to instruct the noble–born young lessons in
manners, learning, sport and conduct. This was a handbook, written in 1528, on how to be a proper
individual in society. In this book, Castiglione not old included a perfect courtier, he also gives the
description of the ideal Court Lady. Castiglione believe that courtiers and court ladies must possess
the same virtues: education, courage, social, discretion, loyalty, humility, and physically.
Men had to possess many physical skills that pertained both to the military and athletically. These
skills could include swimming, wrestling, lancing, or wielding a sword. Unlike men, who were
shown as being strong and manly, women had to be educated in

Baldassare Castiglione Research Paper
Stephen Greenblatt created the term "self fashioning" in the early 1980s. This word referred to the
Renaissance era, and suggested everyone was capable of changing and constructing themselves into
different personas to fit society's standards (lecture, 9/1). Baldassare Castiglione, author of "The
Courtier," proposed that everyone, no matter what class they were from, could eventually reach the
status of a noble. Many people from the bourgeoisie class yearned to attain this status. Although, the
standards and obstacles one had to jump through to reach this status were nearly impossible. This
was due to the contradicting nature of the values and skills a noble was expected to possess. A
courtier's accomplishments should be acknowledged and praised, however, not by the courtier
himself. For a courtier to praise himself is seen as "intolerable" and shows a "lack of merit."
Nonetheless, if his accomplishments are not acknowledged or praised, then he must take it upon
himself to boast and brag about his achievements. Although, this self praise must be modest
(Castiglione, p. 59). These requirements are much easier to meet if you ... Show more content on
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Nobles have pressure on them not to dishonour their family's name and to achieve and excel in areas
from wrestling, to the art of first impressions (Castiglione, p. 54). Members of the bourgeoisie class
do not feel that pressure, nor do they feel the need to surpass and outdo what their ancestors have
achieved. However, this pressure will actually work in the noble's favor. If they do not at least meet
the standard their ancestors have set for them, they are at risk of reprehension. In addition, the
bourgeoisie did not have the "hidden seed" nobels are thought to have. All the "noble" behavior and
skills must be taught to them, while a noble is thought to possess these "essential characteristics"
naturally. (Castiglione,

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