Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders
The American Psychiatric Association publishes the DSM–IV for medical personal to refer to when
diagnosing patients. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition consist
of three major components; diagnostic classification, diagnostic criteria set, and the descriptive text,
which covers all mental health disorders for both children and adults. Some of the information
covered by the DSM–IV includes known causes of disorders, statistics in terms of gender, and age
of onset, prognosis and research concerning the optimal treatments available. This medical book is
referred to when those interacting with the patient are trying to understand them and their disorder.
It is also available for the payees to understand the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many factors contribute to what is considered by a medical professional as a person with a psychotic
disorder. For most disorders in this category, the symptoms must persist for a period of six months
or longer. There are exceptions as some can be brief and temporary. Since these illnesses affect each
individual differently there may be multiple symptoms. There could be social withdrawal. The
person can be observed as being agitated frequently. Depersonalization may occur. It is defined as
state in which a person loses all sense of their identity and may feel as if their own thoughts and
feelings are not their own. Some have a loss of appetite. Worsened hygiene is also a symptom found
among those diagnosed, because of how these mental disorders affect the person. Disorganized
speech and their behaviors are commonly found in patients. Having delusions, which are false
beliefs that are upheld even though things prove otherwise, are a common symptom. Along with
delusions, hallucinations are a part of what define a psychotic disorder. Usually those that
experience a psychotic disorder start to have problems at school or work and loss interest in many of
the activities they once enjoyed. In some cases people have been shown to exhibit dangerous actions
to people around them or to themselves. There can be many things that may cause a psychotic
disorder in someone at any point in their lives. Because there could be potentially many reasons why
someone has developed a
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Motives To Kill A Serial Killer Essay
Serial killers – what motives them to kill? Want to learn about serial killers? Read on to learn all
about them and what motives them to kill others. Some of the topics included are facts, and theories
on serial killers. Examples, and stories of real serial killers that were caught and put away for a long
time. The facts about serial killers are most true. One of them is that serial killers tend to be insecure
and irrationally scared of rejection. (What) Furthermore, serial killers are most charming and
persuasive, but it is only a manipulative act designed to lure victims into traps. (What) Thrill seekers
feel that punishment won't work due to them being impulsive and fearless of what may happen to
them. (Motives) Psychotic serial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Killers have a belief that "power to cause pain is the only power that matters, the power to kill and
destroy, because if you can't kill you are always subject to those who can." (What) Lust killers are
male but some are female. (Motives) Most offenders who are power seekers gain some sort of
psychological satisfaction as they feel they are being praised by the patients and their families.
(Motives) A lot of serial killers do show signs of being psychotic. (Motives) Most serial killers must
continuously kill simply because they are addicted to the feelings they get when they do. (What)
Examples of some serial killers are psychopaths, power seekers, comfort killers, and psychotic
killers. Psychopaths are amoral, and though they know the difference between right and wrong, they
don't care and lack feelings or remorse or guilt. (What) Power seekers have the ability to manipulate
the behavior of other people to make it more in accordance to their own. (Motives) Comfort killers
kill because they enjoy material gain and comfortable lifesyles. (Motives) Some psychotic killers
claim to hear voices, halluciate and see visions before they commit their murders.

Neighborhood Social Victimization Essay
Analysis of Cumulative Effects of Neighborhood Social Adversity and Personal Crime
Victimization on Adolescent Psychotic Experiences
Your Name
University of Louisiana at Monroe
Analysis of Cumulative Effects of Neighborhood Social Adversity and Personal Victimization on
Adolescent Psychotic Experiences Newbury, et al. conducted a study in 2017 in the United
Kingdom called Cumulative Effects of Neighborhood Social Adversity and Personal Victimization
on Adolescent Psychotic Experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine how urbanicity,
unfavorable neighborhood situations, and violent victimization impacts the occurrence of adolescent
psychotic experiences (Newbury, et al., 2017). The author notes how "up to one ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Four questions were asked to address this hypothesis: First "are psychotic experiences more
common among adolescents raised in urban vs rural settings? And does this association hold after
controlling for neighborhood–level deprivation (ie poverty), as well as individual–and family–level
factors that might otherwise explain the relationship?" (Newbury et al., 2017). Second, is the
correlation between growing up in an urban setting and adolescent psychotic experiences explained
by those urban settings having low levels of social cohesion and higher levels of neighborhood
crime (Newbury et al., 2017)? Third, have the adolescent individuals who face psychotic
experiences also faced personal crime victimization (2017)? Lastly, is there an effect on unfavorable
neighborhood conditions (like social cohesion and crime) and personal crime victimization
(Newbury et al.,2017)? The study also tested the sensitivity level of psychotic symptoms for the
participants (Newbury et al., 2017). Methods
The present study was comprised of 2063 British adolescents who were members of the
Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, which examines the cohort of those individuals born
between the years 1994–1995 (Newbury et al., 2017). The baseline assessment occurred when
participants were five–years–old; and subsequent assessments were held when participants were
ages seven, ten, and twelve,

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Essay
Case Study 2: EM, a 19–year–old male, displays characteristics of bipolar I disorder with psychotic
symptoms. Bipolar I disorder is a mood disorder where individuals have major depressive and full
manic episodes, which may include psychotic features like hallucinations or delusions (Comer,
2014). People with bipolar I disorder display, during their manic state which typically lasts at least a
week, exhibit irritable, angry or abnormally high moods (Comer, 2014). In the particular case of
EM, his behaviors seem to correlate with bipolar I mood disorder with psychotic symptoms. Bipolar
I disorder is a disorder in which individuals shift between major depression and mania (Comer,
2014). This disorder is seen more in people with low incomes (Comer, 2014). The onset of this
disorder is between 15 and 44 years of age (Comer, 2014). A person's manic and depressive episodes
may subside, but they typically recur at another time during the person's life (McClure). During the
manic state of a person's bipolar disorder, individuals tend to be filled with optimism, are very
energetic, active, and typically get a little sleep (Comer, 2014). Furthermore, these individuals are
very motivated and seek out constant companionship, involvement, and excitement (Comer, 2014).
However, people with bipolar I disorder shift into major depression (Comer, 2014). The depressive
state usually is more experienced than mania (Comer, 2014). During this state, individuals
experience the lows of

Identifying Trauma and PTSD in Clients with Psychiatric...
Identifying PTSD in Clients with Psychotic Disorders
Trauma, a severely distressing or disturbing experience, can lead to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
(PTSD), which is a type of anxiety disorder that results from experiencing extremely emotional
trauma or situation in which the individual felt at risk of injury or death. According to Putts (2014),
both trauma and PTSD are going unrecognized in clients experiencing psychotic disorders such as
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorders although a majority of clients
diagnosed with psychotic disorders experience symptoms that meet the criteria for PTSD (p. 83).
Putts (2014) believes the phenomenon could be a result of the challenge a clients in a psychotic state
presents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows the relationship between traumatic events, psychotic disorders, and the existence of
PTSD in those clients (Putts, 2014, p.83). The percentage of sexual and or physical abuse among
clients with more than 10 hospitalization and 11 psychotic episodes are even greater. According to
Putts (2014), 40% of those clients suffered sexual abuse and 60% suffered physical assault by a
relative (p.83). Putts expressed his concern with the clinicians' lack of recognition of the relationship
between trauma and psychotic disorders, and how this contributes to the lack of diagnosis of PTSD
in this population (Putts, 2014, p.83).
Analyzing Clinicians' Assessment skills
It is critical that clinicians be able to identify history of trauma in clients with psychotic disorders
(Putts, 2014, p.83). Researchers reviewed the clients' charts and found that in clients with at least
one hospitalization related to psychiatric issues there was an 87.2% exposure to trauma identified by
the researchers versus a 28% exposure to trauma identified by clinicians (Putts, 2014, p.83). The
lack of recognition of exposure to trauma by clinicians has a significant impact in client's experience
during treatment because many of them lack the skills to bring up the topic for discussion during
counseling, and many other clients are not even aware of the relationship between their traumatic
experiences, and how those experiences have

The Pros And Cons Of Death Row Prisoners
"The Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the State of Arkansas could force death row
prisoners to take anti–psychotic drugs to make them sane enough to execute " (Kaczynski, 2011).
My position in this case is death row prisoners shouldn't be forced to take anti–psychotic drugs.
"Medicine is supposed to heal people, not prepare them for execution" (Kaczynski, 2011). This is
why medicine shouldn't heal people in order to kill them. Some people may argue that making a
person sane is the right thing to do, they will be able to realize the crime they did and the effect it
had on their family members.
People would argue that making the death row prisoner sane is the right thing to do. The prisoner
will be able to understand the process of what's going to happen during his execution day. Also, they
have to pay for the crimes they committed and not get away with it. They have to be able to
understand the severity of their crimes and the effect it caused on the victim's family and their
family as well. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There's a reason why they ended up in the situation they did. They probably didn't have the best
conditions of living. Some of these prisoner's "are surrounded by poverty, drug addiction, and
violence" (Kaczynski, 2011). Also, "human behavior is hard to change" (Kaczynski, 2011). Once
these prisoners end up in death row, everything is taken away. They're scuttled from society. The
government should provide the inmates with the proper tools so they could survive in society once
they're released from jail. They should have education, counseling, visits from their loved ones, and
not being scuttled for long periods of time. Medication will have effects on them that will make their
situation worse. They will have to put them on many medications in order to find the right one that's
working for them. These are some factors why a person would end up

Social Schizophrenia Research Paper
There are numerous mental disorders that may affect any person at a given time. These mental
illnesses can affect both the mental, physical, and emotional well–being of people, and even other
animals. When the patient's mental, physical, and emotional state becomes altered, there could be
many detrimental effects experienced. Through the treatment of medication and/or therapy, these
people can learn to live with and manage their mental disorders, which could lead to a more
productive and happier lifestyle. More opportunities for the patient's success in life will arise from
receiving proper treatment and care. It is highly imperative that the patient receives a diagnosis and
treatment. Even with receiving care, the patient may still face social ... Show more content on
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There is no known cause of schizophrenia, although some psychologists believe that it could be
caused by heredity, or biological and environmental factors, such as a disease, immune deficiency
disorder, or having an abusive or erroneous childhood. There are multiple signs and symptoms of
schizophrenia, including hearing or seeing something that doesn't exist, a change in personality, an
obsession with religion and other supernatural entities, eccentric ways of communicating, and
behavior that is deemed odd or inappropriate. As with some other mental disorders, schizophrenia is
a spectrum. This spectrum includes schizotypal personality disorder, other psychotic disorders like
catatonia, delusional disorder, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and brief
psychotic disorder. There is no known cure for schizophrenia, but people with schizophrenia can
seek treatment with therapy, medication, or both. Schizotypal personality disorder is on the spectrum
of schizophrenia because its symptoms coincide with those of schizophrenia. For example,
schizotypal personality disorder shares the symptoms of peculiar behavior, odd beliefs (believing in
magic and superstition), strange thinking and speech, ideas of reference, and inappropriate actions.
STPD also differs from schizophrenia, however, because of symptoms such as being

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Diagnosed With Schizoaffective...
In order to be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder one must meet specific criteria that the DSM–
5 clearly outlines. In order to be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder one must meet a number of
negative and positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia, these negative symptoms include:
false beliefs that are not based in reality, alteration in sensory perceptions, alteration in thought
processes, abnormal motor behavior, and a range of symptoms that reduce the person's ability to
function properly (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; National Alliance on Mental Illness,
2016; National Library of Medicine, 2014). In addition to the negative and positive symptoms, the
alterations in thought processes and sensory perceptions must not occur concurrently with a mood
episode for more than two weeks in the course of the disturbance (APA, 2013). It is crucial that the
mood occurrence exists for the entire disturbance including when the symptoms are active and when
the symptoms are less prominent (APA, 2013). Lastly, the symptoms experienced must not be
caused by substance induced psychosis or any other external factors (APA, 2013). According to the
American Psychiatric Association (2013) the disorder must include either a manic or a depressive
type specifier. Also, in writing out the diagnosis the health care professional must include if the
disturbance is the initial episode or one of numerous episodes (APA, 2013). Health care
professionals must also identify if the

Redemption, a Literary Device: Hey Nostradamus! Response...
REDEMPTION 1
Redemption, A Literary Device:
Hey Nostradamus! Response Essay
Kathy Ottaway, 020091223
Instructor Esther Griffin
10F Cdn. Literature and Criticism – 01 HUMN2000–10F–11296
Tuesday, November 30, 2010
REDEMPTION 2
Redemption, A Literary Device:
Hey Nostradamus! Response Essay
Redemption. It is a single word that holds great meaning for both the ones who seek it, and for those
whose opinions are the ones to grant it, whether it is an outside party, or a personal satisfaction that
must be meant in the case of the seeker.
For this assignment, the concept of redemption as a literary device and/or possible theme of the
book, Hey Nostradamus! by Douglas Coupland shall be explored and ... Show more content on
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(Coupland, 2003, p.61)
In the story in this instance, Jason sums up his mothers experience with Reg as "Psychologically
tortured." (Coupland, 2003, p.61)
As the story progresses, the readers see a falling out of that marriage for obvious reasons.
It wasn't just his approach to romantic relationships that he retains this "know better then thou"
mentality. In the case of the rest of his family, particularly Jason, he again, shows no remorse for his
own stubborness and unwillingness to bend the blinders that his own strict, blind faith shackled his
vision with. (Coupland, 2003)
In the incident when Jason appears with the police after the school shooting, the officer tells of the
events, Jason's apparent heroism, but the fact that Jason had killed another, despite the reasons
behind it, he states "What I understand is that my son experienced murder in his heart, and chose not
to rise above that impulse. I understand that my son is a murderer."– Quote, Reg (Coupland, 2003,
p.77)
REDEMPTION 4
There is no sympathy or acknowledgement that his son throwing a rock at the head of the lead
gunman (15 years old or not) saved lives, or even the emotions that may have lead to it. He merely

acts according to his religious doctrine, the "thou shalt not kill– no matter what" mentality. This,
more then anything really signifies a moment when the reader is left to flounder

Examples Of Delusional Disorder In Macbeth
Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare, is about the thane of Glamis who finds out he is to
be king of Scotland and how he goes power crazy . Macbeth's "craziness" is best defined as
Delusional Disorder because of three main parts, one is when he imagines a dagger in front of him,
the second is when he sees Banquo's ghost, the third is when he believes killing all of macduff's
family will make him safe from death. Defined by Webmd, delusional disorder is when a person
who suffers it cannot tell apart reality or imagination. These people can believe in totally bizarre
things such as saying they are the president to small more rational things like thinking they are being
followed. Macbeth is a Scottish knight under the reigning King ... Show more content on
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He believes Macbeth is a tyrant and thoroughly thinks Macbeth killed the deceased King Duncan.
Since Macbeth is growing worse in if mental illness and he hears of the witches prophecy to beware
Macduff, he decides to do an awful thing because, " The castle of Macduff I will surprise/ Seize
upon Fife, give to th' edge o' th' sword/ his wife,his babes, and all unfortunate souls/ that trace him
in his line. No boasting like a fool;/ this deed i'll do before this purpose cool" (4.1.171–175).
Macbeth is so sure that the witches prophecies are true, he will kill all of Macduff's family even
though they are completely innocent and has nothing to do with any of Macduff's decisions or the
witches prophecy. According to WebMD delusions caused by Delusional disorder misinterpret
situations and can cause harmful reactions out of the affected persons. This happens with Macbeth
because he kills Macduff's family just because their affiliation with Macduff. So that way he can be
sure Macduff cannot kill him. In reality Macduff's family would not have any affect on the death of
Macbeth and would not be apart of it, specifically the baby who cannot even walk yet alone kill a

The Clinical High Risk ( Chr ) Essay
Introduction
Over the past decade, investigators worldwide have been utilizing the "clinical high risk (CHR)"
paradigm to identify adolescents and young adults at increased imminent risk for developing
psychosis. Increased recognition of the CHR and early psychosis period has further led to the
consideration of the attenuated psychosis syndrome specification under the Other Specified
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder section in the Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual–5th edition (DSM–5). Researchers have previously defined childhood trauma as any
emotional neglect, or psychological, physical, emotional or sexual abuse occurring before the age of
17 years old (Bernstein et al., 2003; Kraan et al., 2015). While a wealth of data has demonstrated
indirect associations between childhood trauma (CT) and psychosis in adulthood (cite reviews),
prospective longitudinal studies of individuals with the CHR syndrome provide a unique
opportunity to examine potential risk factors, resilience factors and underlying mechanisms that may
link psychosis and CT. This population provides a critical window into the development of
psychosis prior to the concomitant effects of chronic exposure to antipsychotic medications,
substance use, isolation and social impoverishment that can accompany psychotic disorders, as well
as the trauma often experienced from psychotic episodes themselves, trauma related to involuntary
hospitalizations, and higher rates of victimization and

Why Children Kill Their Parents
Research Paper: "Children Killing Parents" The Webster's dictionary defines a parent as a person
who brings up and cares for another. Since a parent is defined as such, what would push a child to
murder their parents? A child who murders their parents can also be called a Parricide. The dreadful
behavior of killing one's parents is most commonly seen as a legal or clinical problem but not both.
Legal explanations are frequently based on reports from forensic settings (i.e. ballistics, and
evidence). Clinical descriptions are based on similar case studies on the same demographics,
psychotic diagnosis, and bio–psychosocial analysis. One thing that can be identified between almost
all parricides, is that there was a parent child conflict(s) that ... Show more content on
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When a child endures repeated shame and humiliation a strong urge to seek vengeances begets
them. When a child becomes an adolescent, the urge only gets greater. Fantasies of seeking revenge
give a misconception of strength and power rather than helplessness. Overtime humiliating the
parents in return will not justify their feelings, a parricide must act out their fantasy to be justified or
seek justice for themselves which will win back their power (Malmquist,

Postpartum Depression : Symptoms And Treatments
70 to 80 percent of women who have given birth experience what is know as "Baby blues,"
(Piotrowski & Benson, 2015). These are mild symptoms of depression and usually go away within
two weeks after giving birth. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with
peripartum onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last
significantly longer than the "baby blues." According to the DSM–5 (American Psychiatric
Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks
following delivery. Postpartum depression has symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or
impairment in the new mothers life and can include the inability to take care of the newborn or
herself. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She spends much of her free time with friends, family and giving back to the community. At the age
24, Sarah experienced a lot of life changes. She had been terminated from her job of 5 years because
of a check that was written to the company and the funds were insufficient. This was against
company policy and resulted in immediate termination. One month after losing her job her 3.5–
year–old son, David, was diagnosed with a tumor on the brain stem and died just 1 week after the
diagnosis. Sarah became pregnant approximately 2 months after her son's passing however, she
ignored the pregnancy and told no one that she might be pregnant until she was at approximately 26
weeks gestation. The relationship with her children's father had a history of being very unstable and
abusive. He had previously served time in jail for domestic violence in the relationship. Sarah lived
with the father of her children in his mother's basement. Sarah did have an apartment in Aurora with
a lease in her name but her biological mother, sister, brother–in–law and 2 of their children lived in
that apartment. Sarah's father and stepmother and one other sister also live in Aurora. She had
support from her family but her boyfriend did not allow her to spend much time with them.
Foundations of Psychology Depressive Disorder with Peripartum Onset: Post Partum Depression In
the DSM–5 (APA, 2013), postpartum depression is diagnosed as a depressive disorder due to
another medical condition

Bipolar I Case Study
Bipolar I Disorder with Psychotic Features
Bipolar I disorder, or formally known as manic–depression disorder, is a mental disorder in which a
person experiences frequent mood swings that can drastically change the direction of one's life.
Individuals with bipolar disorders experience unusual, dramatic mood swings, and activity levels
that go from periods of feeling intensely happy, irritable, and impulsive to periods of intense sadness
and feelings of hopelessness, thus affecting behavior in some ways. According to nimh.nih.gov
(2012), bipolar I disorder can result in damaged relationships, poor job or school performances, and
even suicide. The disorder impacts the mental, physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects of one's
life.
The nature of bipolar I disorder is precisely indicated by the case study presented here. The client is
a thirty–eight year old single white male, unemployed and admitted to a mental facility (Park Place
Behavioral Health Care). The individual was admitted to the facility through an ex–parte order for
involuntary examination granted by the Osceola County court on December 7, 2015. ... Show more
Medications such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants or antipsychotics are normally used for this
disorder. In this case, while in the facility, the client was getting 1000 mg of Depakote ER, an
anticonvulsant that is given to treat the manic phase of bipolar disorder twice a day, 2 mg of
Risperdal twice a day, which is an atypical antipsychotic to help with severe mania, Ativan 4 mg PO
or IM prn agitation every four hours as needed for anxiety, and Cogentin 2 mg twice a day for
treatment of extrapyramidal side effects. Some of these medications have serious side effects;
therefore, it is important for a physician to supervise patients to monitor progress and any possible
side effects or drug

The Movie ' K Pax '
The film K–Pax is a movie which asks its audience to come to their own conclusion. On one hand, it
asks that belief be suspended in order to believe in the fantastical tale of an extraterrestrial named
Prot who has come to Earth as an observer, on the other hand it asks us to see through the facade of
the man calling himself Prot and to see the underlying cause of this individuals psychotic break.
There is no right or wrong way to approach this film, however, an analytical approach is taken in
order to flesh out the characters, what motivates them, and causes for their possible psychoses.
Found wandering grand central station, Robert Porter is taken into police custody when he claims to
be from another planet. Calling himself Prot and his home–planet "K–PAX". Thinking him to be just
some "crazy person" the police officer delivers him to a mental institution. Prot does not seem to be
a danger to himself or others, in fact he is a very friendly individual – although strange. While in the
mental institution he encounters Dr. Mark Powell, a psychiatrist, who is trying to help him;
although, throughout the entirety of the film he tends to doubt his own explanations for Prot
condition. During his time in the institution Prot also encounters patients: Ernie, Maria, Sal, and
Bess just to name a few. All of which have psychological disorders of their own ranging from
extreme phobias to dissociative identity disorder. Throughout his stay in the Manhattan Institute Prot
helps the

Mental Illness In Hamlet
Shakespearean Collateral Damage When someone is visibly sick, people worry about them or say
that they should go to the doctor. Generally, people care about others, especially close friends or
family member. Therefore, why do people appear to ignore a person's bereavement after several
months had passed? As modern psychology would tell society, untreated depression is not only the
most common cause of suicide, but it can also lead to psychotic episodes in the most extreme of
cases. In these cases, depression acts usually as a catalyst for someone who already has developed
some form of psychosis, and they experience both visual and auditory hallucinations related to the
cause of the depression. Furthermore, affected persons can also develop psychosis through the
severe trauma that caused the depression. Therefore, people who have an untreated mental illness
may not only cause self inflicting harm, but harm upon others who are closest to them.
A major symptom of psychotic depression is auditory/visual hallucinations.Within the play Hamlet,
by William Shakespeare, it is never explicitly stated whether Hamlet has had hallucinations in his
past, but if the audience assumes he has in fact experienced these kinds of mental anomalies,
psychosis amplified by depression fits strikingly well with his character throughout the entirety of
the play. Under this light, Hamlet's character arc looks flawlessly tied to this idea of a developing
mental illness, a mental illness that was

Psychopathic School Shootings
School is supposed to be a safe environment that parents can count on to send their children to learn,
socialize with peers, build a good academic foundation for their future, but the epidemic of school
shootings in the United States is preventing this from happening. The gruesome truth is that
teenagers and young children are being murdered by fellow students on a regular basis. The media
portrays a stereotype that all school shooters have a form of mental illness, frequently labelling them
as psychotic and psychopathic. Adolescent school shooters are not necessarily psychotic or
psychopathic. Often, they have been negatively affected by societal expectations, influence of
media, masculine ideologies, bullying and their broken families.
Crazy, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These expectations are first taught in childhood, parents passing on their wisdom and experience to
their children to ensure that they can mature into respectable adults. Children are expected to act
accordingly to certain behaviours, usually acted upon because of peer pressure, such as dating young
girls. Research shows that those who become school shooters are unable to follow these
expectations, "The candidate cannot keep up a proper relationship, girls often refuse to date him or
break up after a few dates because he is scary, impulsive (in a bad way), lacking in empathy, unable
to conceal his rage about being marginalized" (Fast, 2008). This provides a reasonable explanation
as to why some teenagers become mass murderers, they have low self–esteem and a poor self–
image, they see themselves as failures as they cannot keep up with what is accepted by their friends
and family. Additionally, "A number of shooters lived in tight–knit Christian communities where
there were strict rules that were narrowly enforced, which encouraged the marginalization of the
misfit", indicating that teenagers put under the restrictions and limitations of their religious
communities influenced them to act rebellious and become school shooters (Fast, 2008). To
conclude, the expectations posed on by certain cultures and societies

Psychosis, Paranoia And Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Essay
The world is being affected by the psychological disorder Schizophrenia every day. The disease
itself can be traced back to the second millennium before Christ. Schizophrenia can be diagnosis
using Dr. Eugen Bleuler "positive" and "negative" symptoms. Schizophrenia is " a psychotic
disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the
level of functioning in everyday life, and by disintegration of personality expressed as disorder of
feeling, thought (as delusion), perception (as hallucinations) and behavior (demetia praecox) or
contradictory or antagonistic qualities or attitudes (Merrium Webster). There are several types of this
disease however, I will only discuss three: Psychosis, Paranoia and Schizophrenia–Spectrum
Disorder. Over the years of study on how to treat Schizophrenia there are known first and second
generation anti–psychotics and therapies available. Schizophrenia is an important problem in the
world and many people need help.
Schizophrenia is a mind/bind psychological disorder that affects 1% of the world population during
their lifetime (Okami 652). In 1887 a German physician, Dr. Emile Kraepelin was the first to
compare the different symptoms by looking at the biological and genetic malfunction to identify the
chief origin of the disease which he called "Dementia praecox". The term dementia praecox was
relabeled to be called Schizophrenia by a Swiss psychiatrist, Dr. Eugen Bleuler in 1907. So the

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Postpartum Depression
Application Paper 70 to 80 percent of women who have given birth experience what is know as
"Baby blues," (Piotrowski & Benson, 2015). These are mild symptoms of depression and usually go
away after two weeks. However, the symptoms of unspecified depressive disorder with peripartum
onset also known as postpartum depression (PPD) can be more intense and last significantly longer.
According to the DSM–5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA] 2013), postpartum depression
occurs during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery. Postpartum depression has symptoms
that cause clinically significant distress or impairment to the new mothers life and can include the
inability to take care of the newborn or herself. The DSM–5 also states that, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
At the age 24 Sarah experienced a lot of life changes. She had been terminated from her job of 5
years because of a check that was written to the company and the funds were insufficient. This was
against company policy and resulted in immediate termination. One month after losing her job her
3.5–year–old son, David was diagnosed with a tumor on the brain stem and died just 1 week after
the diagnosis. Sarah became pregnant approximately 2 months after her son's passing, however, she
ignored the pregnancy and told no one that she might be pregnant until she was at approximately 26
weeks gestation. The relationship with her children's father had a history of being very unstable and
abusive. He had previously served time in jail for domestic violence in the relationship. Sarah lived
with the father of her children in his mother 's basement. Sarah did have an apartment in Aurora with
a lease in her name but her biological mother, sister, brother–in–law and 2 of their children lived in
that apartment. Sarah's father and stepmother and one other sister also live in Aurora. She had
support from her family but her boyfriend did not allow her to spend much time with them.
Foundations of Psychology Depressive Disorder with Peripartum Onset: Post Partum Depression In
the DSM–5 (APA, 2013), postpartum depression is diagnosed as a depressive disorder due to
another medical condition with the specifier

Is Schizophrenia A Universal Mental Illness?
Schizophrenia is a universal mental illness which is both complex and devastating. Schizophrenia
generally begins in the early stages of life and may lead to lifelong disabilities (Moritz, 2010). The
context of this paper shall include an introduction on schizophrenia as well as the reasoning this
discipline was chosen. It will include a critiqued research study that will explain how the research
was presented. The primary focus on the research study will be a literature review, the methods
used, the results found, and a presented discussion. Approximately 1 percent of the world's
population is affected by schizophrenia. This illness does not discriminate. The symptoms usually
start between ages 16 and 30. Once an individual reaches the age of 45, it is rare that schizophrenia
manifests. Schizophrenia seldom occurs in children; however, awareness of childhood–onset
schizophrenia is increasing (The National Institute of Mental Health, 2009). The symptoms tend to
effect men more severely than women and those who suffer from schizophrenia are known to have a
higher risk of substance abuse and suicide rates. Approximately 10 percent of the schizophrenia
communities commit suicide. The most common addiction shared by these individual is (The
National Institute of Mental Health, 2009). When comparing nicotine addictions to the general
populace, it has been determined that the rates are 75% – 90% versus 25% – 30%, meaning those
who endure

Psychopathology In Canvas
This brief opinion paper attempts to answer the question, "Where is Psychopathology
Located?" –– Is it in individuals, in relationships, in families, or in broader social structures? It will
also examine the shortcomings of my position. Some of the points mentioned will be a reflection on
the movie, Canvas (2006), which dramatically presents the story of a mother, a father, and their son,
in the midst of the psychopathological illness, schizophrenia. In my opinion, the movie convincingly
portrays some of the dynamics of mental illness and its effects on the character's family structure. In
the movie the mother, Mary, is the one affected by the illness. She is hospitalized due to her
psychotic behavior. In her absence the father, John, tries to cope ... Show more content on
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He begins to act out by skipping school and, like his father, reflects on happier times shared with his
mother on warm, sandy beaches.
For the three of them, their saving grace is the metaphor of the "canvas," as the mother paints on
canvas to relieve her psychotic symptoms, the father wishes to fill the canvas sail with the wind of
change, and the son sews patches on the ripped and tattered sail, just as their lives are in so much
need of healing. Psychopathology can be defined as the scientific study and classification of mental
disorders, including their biological, psychological and social causes. The classification and
treatment of mental disorders varies across several professional physical and mental health
disciplines including doctors, psychiatrists, chiropractors, psychologists, nurses, counselors, social
workers and ministers. Mental disorders manifest themselves in many ways depending on the
severity of one's illness, from suicidal tendencies, hallucinations, and hearing voices on the extreme
end, to minor discomfort and anxiety with daily living on the other end.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Family Interventions for...
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Family Interventions for Psychosis
Psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia are not new in the research literature. Psychological
treatments have been previously used in the treatment of schizophrenia. For example in terms of
behaviour therapy, operant approaches such as token economy programmes were used in the 1960s
and 1970s to improve the behaviour of patients in long stay hospitals. However, the evidence
suggests that the clinical gains were limited and did not generalise beyond the therapeutic setting
and also did not address delusional convictions (Alford 1986; Himadi et al 1991). Other
psychological treatments for schizophrenia can be traced to early ... Show more content on
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These interventions are also beneficial to relatives, and are effective in improving the quality of the
family environment (Penn & Mueser 1996). Psychosocial interventions are aimed at empowering
patients, and, as Slade & Haddock (1996) have pointed out, 'since the 1980s, the task of the therapist
was no longer to "change the behaviour of the patient" but rather to "help the client to change their
own behaviour, if they wish to do so"'.
This chapter provides an overview of family interventions and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
for psychotic symptoms. There has been a lot of research and clinical interest in the effectiveness of
CBT for patients with psychosis. Unfortunately, the provision of family interventions in routine
services has been disappointing, despite vigorous training programmes. Notwithstanding some
notable exceptions in the UK, such as Bath (Smith & Velleman, 2002) and Somerset (Stanbridge et
al, 2003), increasing the availability of family work remains a challenge for most service providers.
The aim is not to provide a comprehensive academic review of family interventions and CBT for
serious mental illness. Instead, it is to give the reader an overview of the state of research and
developments of recent research studies. This chapter also tries to condense the available

Taking a Look at Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO)
identifies the disorder as the 7th greatest cause of disability in terms of disability–adjusted life–years
worldwide affecting about 24 million people worldwide (Frangou, 2008). Many individuals around
the world are affected by this disorder directly and indirectly. This paper looks at Schizophrenia
assessing its epidemiology, history, diagnosis, symptoms, causes, and treatment drawing support
from relevant sources.
The term Schizophrenia is derived from two Greek words, skhizein meaning "to split" and phren
meaning "mind" hence the common misconception that the disorder equates to split personality. The
disorder can also be traced to Egypt in second millennium before Christ. However, these ancient
understanding of this disorder are nothing close to the modern understanding of schizophrenia
(Delisi, 2008). In fact, during that time, there were no unique factors that would differentiate
schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders. Such psychotic and mental disorders were all grouped
as one and were thought to be caused by possession by evil spirits. The modern understanding of the
disorder came about at the beginning of the 20th century (NIMH, 2014).
Dr. Emile Kraeplin was the first to classify the symptoms that are currently associated with
schizophrenia as a unique disorder in 1887. However, he used the term dementia praecox rather than
schizophrenia. He identified two forms of

Major Depression Research Paper
Depression there is about ten types of the disorder. But the three that I am briefly going to writing
about is Bipolar, Psychotic, and Major Depression. And what they do and do not have in common.
Here a list of some of Generalization characteristic of Depression Disorder Major Depression
============ Bipolar ========== Weight Loss Episodes of High and Low Or Gain and in
Those Mood Swings Trouble Getting to I call it The Dr. Jekyll And Sleep or Feeling Mr. Hyde
Syndrome. Sleep During the Day Being Tired no Energy ====== Psychotic======= Feeling
worthless with this Disorder you Trouble Making Get a Mixture of Major Decision Depression and
Thoughts of Suicide Psychotic Depression ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a serious Mental Health Condition. That requires understanding, treatment and a good recovery
plan. With early detection, diagnosis and a treatment plan that consisting of medication, and
psychotherapy. Bipolar Disorder is a disorder that go from high to low mood swings. In some case
when you feel high you might feel like you are on top of the world. Do risky things that you
normally would not do. But O boy, when you are down your down. And the top of the world has fell
on you. You feel worthless and useless, you feel like what the use in living. In some case, you feel
suicidal. In some case, you will use drugs and alcohol you are trying to get that feel good feeling of
euphoria, and is self–medicating

Psychotic Depression Paper
There are many forms of depression that people suffer from today. The type of depression that will
be discussed in this paper is called, 'psychotic depression.' Psychotic depression is a form of major
depression with psychotic features in which a person has depression along with loss of reality. This
illness affects up to 20% of patients with major depression. In past clinical studies, psychotic
depression is a more severe form of depression where people experience a depressed mood,
disturbances and guilt feelings. Psychotic depression is a serious mental illness that should be
treated medically and therapeutically. It all starts with Major Depressive Disorder. Major Depressive
Disorder is a common mental disorder that can negatively affect ... Show more content on
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A study of the general population was conducted in Europe with 18,980 people between the ages of
15–100. This European study confirmed psychotic depression afflicted about 4 per 1,000 people.
For people over the age of 60, community rates of psychotic depression afflict between 14 and 30
per 1,000 people. Some studies have found psychotic depression running as high 24–53% for people
over the age of 60. Patients also show higher rates of psychotic depression who were already
diagnosed with major depression. Studies in the United States show 14.7% of patients who have
major depression exhibit psychotic features, while European studies show 18.5% of patients who
have major depression show psychotic tendancies. Further studies of consecutively admitted patients
for major depression reported 25% of the patients met the criteria for psychotic

Case Study Essay
Case Study Example |
Max – From the book: Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak used by permission of the
author, Maire Kennedy |
Abstract
This paper explores a psychological case study on the character of Max from the film Where the
Wild Things Are. By using various sources, it is asserted that Max may have suffered from a Brief
Psychotic Break. This paper examines common diagnoses for children (ADHD, early acute
schizophrenia), as well as treatment options. It will discuss making a diagnosis based on the DSM–
IV criteria, as well as the importance of interviewing family members when it comes to childhood
onset psychological disorders. It also discusses the various motivations for prescribing medication
for children, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She still does not know where Max went that evening.
During my interview with Max, he claims that he ran until he found a small boat on a pond. Upon
climbing into the boat, the pond started getting bigger and bigger until it was an ocean. He sailed
across the ocean, through storms, until he got to an island. The only inhabitants of this island were
giant creatures that he calls the Wild Things. There were several Wild Things, and they all had
distinctive personalities. The Wild Things made Max their king, and he tried to bring them together
by having them build a fort. However, that did not make the Wild Things happy, so he tried having
them fight each other, but that did not make them happy either. At that point, they realized that Max
was not a king, and threatened to eat him. Max says was frightened, but he apologized and asked for
forgiveness. The Wild Things forgave him, and Max sailed back home. Max claims he was gone for
days, maybe even a week, but Max's mother says he was only gone for 4 hours.
I have had several interviews with Max. During the first interviews, he was slightly withdrawn. He
did not want to answer any questions, and when he would speak it was in a very quiet voice. Over
time, we developed a rapport. He told me in detail about the island of the Wild Things, and has
drawn several pictures of what the creatures looked like. He

Psychosis
Summative Assessment One: Case Study There are several key issues apparent for Belinda, one of
which is social isolation. Belinda has withdrawn from her family and no longer spends time with her
friends. In becoming socially isolated, Belinda is at risk of disruption to her social development
leading to an increased likelihood of failure to achieve in the future (EPPIC, 2001). This is
evidenced by the fact that Belinda's grades have dropped significantly over the past six months. For
the purpose of this essay, three differential diagnoses will be offered, however in clinical practice it
is preferable to refrain from diagnosing a client early in treatment due to the stigma associated with
being 'labelled' (EPPIC, 2001). The first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As previously stated, ANRED (2008) have identified several potential physical implications of
sustained malnutrition. To avoid these, interventions would be best directed to improving Belinda's
nutritional intake. Offering the option of preparing her own food, or the use of sealed, pre–packaged
meals and drinks, would allow Belinda to gain nourishment and avoid the distress of confronting her
delusional thinking (see Appendix B). While successful interventions are an important part of the
treatment process, there are also legal and ethical issues to consider. According to Elder et al.(2005),
as Belinda is only 15 years of age she must have her parent's consent to receive any form of medical
intervention. In this case Belinda's parents have sought help for their daughter and she is not
currently being treated under the Mental Health Act 1992. In the pursuit of a therapeutic relationship
with Belinda, the concept of confidentiality between patient and nurse and its implications would
need to be discussed (EPPIC, 2001). EPPIC states that anything discussed between patient and nurse
must be kept strictly confidential unless consent for disclosure is given by the patient. However, it
would need to be made clear to Belinda that should she disclose any information that led the nurse
to have immediate concerns about the potential safety of Belinda or others, then the nurse is morally
obliged to pass that information on. Elder et al. (2005) assert that within the bounds of the

Silver Water Analysis
After reading all three stories I decided to analyze Rose, the main character in "Silver Water",
although characters from the other two stories are interesting, Rose grabs my attention. As can be
seen in the story, Rose went through a profound change in her life due to her psychotic breakdown.
Rose went from a cheerful teenage to a woman lost in her delusion. In the beginning of the story,
Rose was a normal fifteen years old girl who love to laugh, sing and play with her sister, but her
psychotic break change her into a different person. As the narrator illustrated, "she has been coming
home moody and tearful, then quietly beaming, then she stopped coming home. She would go out
into the woods behind our house and not come in until my mother would go out at dusk, and step
gently into the briars and saplings and pull her out, blank–faced..." (Bloom, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Rose has change from a normal person to a person who has lost contact with reality. Although she
may have lost contact with reality and act inappropriate at time; she still remembers who her family
is and know they care. In addition, she still listens to people whom she know cares about her. For
instance, she stops sleeping with everyone she meets, when Dr. Thorne told her "I cannot make love
to every beautiful woman I meet and, furthermore, I can't do that and by your therapist, too. It's
great shame, but I think you might be able to find a really nice guy, someone who treats you just as
sweet and kind as I would, if I were lucky enough to be your beau" (Bloom, 77). Rose may have lost
contact with reality, but a part of her still knows what is best for herself and try her best to follow
her treatment and enjoy life at Dr. Thorne's halfway house. Overall, Rose psychotic may change her
life, but it did not change what she values inside as a

Major Depression Research Paper
Imagine someone losing interest in all of their favorite activities, social gathering, friends, and being
sad most of the time. This is what people with depression deal with daily. Depression is a health
disorder that affects people's daily lives. This can make everything in life a struggle for some
people. The worst thing about Depression is usually people will have it for the rest of their lives. It
is not the same thing as sadness; it last longer than 2 weeks. Depression is prevalent health disorder
that is increasing in the United States ("Major Depression" 1). This is becoming a huge issue in our
society today and people need to notice it. There are also can be various forms of depression like,
Dysthymia, Psychotic, Seasonal, and Major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Depression is a huge issue that is a big problem today. It affects people daily lives in many ways. It
can change the way they think and act. There are a lot of risk factors that can lead to depression like,
a bad childhood, genetics, and horrible life experiences. There are many different forms of
depression Dysthymia, and Psychotic Depression. Also there are ways to get help and ways to help
People. Getting outside or talking to someone are very important ways for help. Depression is a
serious issue that need attention called to it. It's a horrible thing that no one should go

Bulimia Nervosa Case Study Paper
After review of Andrea's case study, consideration of symptoms, and history my diagnosis is
Bulimia Nervosa F50.2 in partial remission. Andrea presented signs of a feeding disorder. All other
feeding disorders were ruled out due to either symptoms or time frame. Differential diagnosis
included Binge Eating disorder F50.8, but ruled out because it was mentioned Andrea engaged in
inappropriate compensatory behaviors such use of prescribed and illicit drugs, and diuretics.
Andrea met criteria for All aspects of Bulimia Nervosa in section a both 1 and 2; eating within a
discrete period of time, and the sense of over eating during the episode (American Psychiatric
Association, 2013). Also meeting criteria in section B, C, D, and E. Recurrent compensatory ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Having also both delusions and disorganized speech. Brian had no prior marked stressors occur prior
to onset of symptoms and his onset seemed to be sudden. Category C was met by ruling out
substance abuse, mood affective disorders such as major depressive disorder, and catatonia. Brief
Psychotic onset can occur in early adulthood. To support a diagnosis of Brief Psychotic Disorder
one must take into effect a person's cultural background, and family practices such as religion. For
example, someone praying allowed can be viewed as speaking to themselves, or in some cultures it
being the norm to state one "heard from God". While this could mean not actually hearing voices
but a spiritual form of guidance. Religion must also be taken into consideration when crediting or
discrediting someone's beliefs as delusional. In Martin's case his delusions were of aliens conspiring
with his family to kill him and could not be confused with religious beliefs. It was clear he was
suffering from delusions. It is also important to take into account any family history of psychotic
disorders. Martin's aunt suffered from erratic behavior and had been in and out of the hospital for
years. It is also important to take into account any preexisting personality disorder traits which can
predispose a person to develop the disorder (American Psychiatric Association,

The Mental Illness of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by psychosis , apathy and social withdrawal in
combination with cognitive impairment, abnormalities that cause substantial disruptions in
performance work , school, family and recreation. Among psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia is the
most disabling disease and demand a disproportionate amount of resources to health . However,
there have been considerable advances in the treatment and at present many sufferers can lead a
reasonably normal life. The estimated annual incidence is 0.2 to 0.4 by 1000. The frequency of
schizophrenia is similar in both sexes but in women tends to occur later and present a more benign
course, probably due to the effect of estrogen on D2 receptors. Substantial changes are recorded in
the prevalence and incidence of the disease from one country to another and between different
cultures, but the differences are reduced if strict diagnostic criteria are applied. The core symptoms
include difficulty for thought, decreased affection, loss of behavioral or mixed emotions directed by
conflicting impulses, and autism. Schizophrenia is characterized by three major types of clinical
manifestations: psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. The former
include the loss of contact with reality, including false thoughts (delusions) and hallucinations,
among others. Psychotic symptoms tend to occur in episodes. Negative symptoms are deficit states
in which the processes of basic

Summary: Symptoms Of Schizophrenia
To What Extent Can Schizophrenia be Diagnosed in Adolescents?
Schizophrenia is a long–term mental disorder involving a breakdown in the relation between
thought, emotion, and behavior, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings,
withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy. The diagnosis of childhood
schizophrenia raises an amount of unresolved problems.
SYMPTOMS
The commonly recognized symptoms of schizophrenia are organized into distinct categories of
symptoms. In a series of studies, researches examined the importance of positive and negative
symptoms distinctions in continuously admitted inpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The
researchers found three symptom dimensions: the negative dimension ... Show more content on
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Because schizophrenia usually develops during the critical career–development years (ages eighteen
to thirty five), the career and life paths for individuals with schizophrenia are usually interrupted and
they need to learn new skills to get their work life back on track. "Rehabilitation programs can
include employment services, money management counseling, and skills training to maintain
positive relationships"(Schizophrenia Symptoms, Patterns And Statistics And Patterns)
WHAT IS THE OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE?
The outlook for people with schizophrenia continues to advance. Treatments that work well are
available, and new ones are being developed right now. Clinicians should be attentive and consider
psychotic illnesses when evaluating adolescents with emotional and behavioral disturbances. These
modalities may contain performing thorough psychiatric and physical examinations, relevant
laboratory testing, neuropsychological testing, and employing relevant cognitive therapies, as well
as the use of antipsychotic. Advances in the understanding of childhood–onset, as well as the
elucidation of prodromal psychotic symptomatology, will help both children and

Modern Conventional Psychiatry ( Kraepelin )
A psychotic condition, or a state of psychosis, is where an individual begins to lose touch with
reality by experiencing hallucinations and delusions, and believes them to be real when in fact they
are not (Freudenreich, Weiss, & Goff, 2008; APA, 2013; Darton, 2013; NHS, 2014; MedlinePlus,
2015). Modern conventional psychiatry (Kraepelin, 1987; Shorter, 1992, 1997; Alexander &
Selesnick, 1966) uses a predominately biomedical approach to the diagnoses of mental health
conditions, which is particularly so for patients of psychotic conditions (Hunter & MacAlpine, 1963;
Mayer–Gross, Slater, & Roth, 1975; Guze, 1989; Shorter, 1997). The most recently revised
diagnostic criteria for the psychiatric diagnoses can be found in the DSM–V (APA, ... Show more
In order for the drug treatment approach to continue, psychotic conditions must be approached using
a biomedical perspective.
But despite all the influential evidence for this biomedical approach, it is important to note that it is
it is not without its flaws (Read, Bentall, & Fosse, 2009). For instance, there is no robust evidence
for any genetic cause (Read, 2004; Joseph, 2006; Sanders et.al, 2008; Hamilton, 2008; Bentall,
2009), with the evidence for drug intervention argued to be just as questionable (Jones et.al, 2006;
Newcomer et.al, 2004; Guo et.al, 2006; Bobes et.al, 2007; Sikich et.al, 2008). Overall, the
biomedical psychiatric approach to the treatment of psychosis and madness is incomplete and
problematic.
The movement of ant–psychiatry (Cooper, 1967; Roth, 1973) and the debate of as to whether mental
illness is actually a myth (Szasz, 1972), presents even more concern over the status and usefulness
of psychiatric diagnosis. There is also a huge debate as to whether labelling a patient with a
psychiatric diagnosis for a psychotic condition, and therefore an illness, is not in the patients best
interests and is actually more for the benefit of the psychiatrist (Parsons, 1951, 1972; Foucault,
1973; Conrad, 1992; Shilling, 2002; Padamsee, 2011). This is especially a concern as some views
will argue that psychosis and madness need not be regarded as an illness, like

Schizoaffective Personality Disorder Essay
Psychoses are mental illnesses and they cannot recognize reality, have corruptions on thoughts,
emotions, senses and behaviors. Psychoses lose touch with realities, this disease changes perception
and processing perceptions. First of all, ideas and senses develop in associative leaps (schizophrenic
psychosis) or these changes are expression of the strong fluctuations of mood and motivation
(affective psychosis).Psychoses are used to describe a mental disorder which has strong symptoms
like hallucinations or delusions. Psychoses are mostly occurring at the age of 12 to 29 and the same
in both males and females. Symptoms divided into 3 categories; positive (hallucinations and
delusions), negative (antisocial behaviors, lack of motivation and ... Show more content on
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Neurodiversity can definely as a diversity of human minds and brains, in neurocognitive
functioning; the infinite variation happens within species.
To sum up all; Schizophrenia is a mental disorder and it happens if there is any differences is brain
and if there conduction disturbance failure happens in brain with chemicals. There are two periods
of schizophrenia; passive and active periods and if this disorder realized and notice on active period,
it can be treated. First a person with schizophrenia has some symptoms, bizarre thinking, delusions
or hallucinations, disorganized behavior and reduction in behavior. Patient start to show some
symptoms like indifference repugnance, feeling sad and depressed ,touchiness, feel annoyed by little
things, being lonely, reduction in the senses and also having sleeping disorders. After all, the patient
starts to hear voices, being skeptical of everything and everyone, thinking weird things. However,
these symptom changes in every people.Kraeplin was the

Schizophrenia Video Questions
Schizophrenia Video Questions
Initially, John was diagnosed with depression with psychotic features. Diagnosis of this disorder
requires a marked decrease in pleasure and/or persistent low mood, as well as at least 2 of
significant weight or appetite disturbance, sleep disturbance, psychomotor agitation or retardation,
loss of energy or fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished ability to think, concentrate and
make decisions or recurrent thoughts of death, dying or suicide. The presence of delusions or
hallucinations with the underlying mood disorder yields the diagnosis with psychotic features. Next
was schizoaffective disorder then after experiencing mania and persistent paranoia he was officially
diagnosed with schizophrenia. His ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Further he describes having a "morning dread" which he attributes to his depressive symptoms.
Clinically speaking, John describes having delusions of persecution, delusions of control and
delusions of reference all which are positive symptoms of schizophrenia and fall under the main
symptom of delusions common to all his diagnoses. Both him and his brother describe moments
where John was catatonic and this is a negative symptom of schizophrenia–type disorders. He also
describes disturbances in mood that occur in the morning and drowsiness which can align with
symptoms of major depressive disorder but given that he recognizes the drowsiness as a side effect
of his medications, the "morning dread" can also be attributed to the anhedonia, avolition and other
negative emotional and motivational symptoms of schizophrenia–type disorders. His self harming
behaviour and suicidal ideation describes by his family members are also indicative of mood
disturbances. He briefly describes how early in his disease, he began abusing alcohol, and substance
abuse is highly correlated with

Early Intervention Of Psychosis : A New Paradigm
SSU 6: Early Intervention in Psychosis – a new paradigm
10/11/14 91031967 BMBS words
An overview of multidisciplinary and multi–agency teamwork in the management of psychosis in
children and young adults.
All patient and staff names/places have been changed.
Introduction
The holistic needs of patients with chronic and debilitating mental illnesses, including psychosis, are
some of the most complex of any patient group. This is especially the case for young patients who
require large amounts of support from many different professionals and organisations within a very
specialized multi disciplinary team. Many of these young or pediatric patients are managed not just
across Cornwall, but when necessary and particularly for inpatient treatment, across the UK. (1) The
complex nature of these patients is illustrated by the case review of Amy, a now adolescent female
who has undergone psychiatric treatment, both in the community and as an inpatient, by multiple
services across the UK. By reviewing a case and relevant literature I aim to examine the role of a
care coordinator in the management of pediatric patients being treated for psychosis within the
current model of care in the UK.
Psychosis in Children and Young Adults
Psychosis is broadly defined as "loss of contact with reality", (2) with continued debate still on–
going to explain the exact mechanism.
One viewpoint is that the mechanism behind psychosis is multifactorial, and results from an
interaction of a

Psychotic Depression : A Common Mental Disorder Essay
Introduction
Psychotic depression is a common mental disorder in the United Kingdom today. Using the case of a
25–year old patient, this paper discusses several aspects of psychotic depression; the psychological
and physical risks to which a psychotic depression patient is exposed and the most beneficial
nursing care and interventions for the patient. To expansively discuss these aspects of psychotic
depression, the essay will cover the physical and psychological risk assessment strategy for the
patient, nursing care and management, possible medication and management of the condition,
psychosocial interventions and best recovery model for the patient.
Issues in Simon's Scenario
Statistically, people in Simon's age bracket are highly predisposed to psychotic depression. About
80% of patients of psychotic depression are aged between 16 years and 30 years. In a study targeting
people aged between 17 and 35 seeking treatment for psychotic depression symptoms, an early–
intervention service programme in Cambridgeshire UK established an incidence rate of 50 per
100,000 persons in a year (NICE, 2012). This finding shows how high the prevalence of psychotic
depression is among the youth.
Several issues associated with psychotic depression are easily identifiable in Simon's case. The main
symptom of psychosis in Simon is loss of contact with reality, characterized by delusions in which a
patient has false ideas or beliefs about the events taking place and their immediate

Conventional Versus Traditional Methods Of Treatment On...
Conventional versus Traditional Methods of Treatment on Psychotic Patients
Introduction
The following reading will present the discussion about cognitive behavioral therapy and how if in
any way, improves the quality of life of patients living with schizophrenia when compared to
conventional pharmacological treatments. Schizophrenia is a debilitating disease that can impact all
areas of an individual life. Even with the use of many therapies available there is room to investigate
which forms of treatment improve the quality of their life. Relapses are high despite all the efforts
made to treat schizophrenia. Increasing evidence suggests that individuals with schizophrenia do
best with a combination of pharmacological and psychosocial intervention (Addington and Lecomte
2012). Recent traditional cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to improve the positive and
negative symptoms associated with psychotic patients even when they are compliant with
pharmacological medications. Nurses must integrate the best evidence based treatments shown in
practice in order to care and monitor patients who are schizophrenic thought their lifespan.
Population
Statistical data shows that schizophrenia can be found in one percent of the world's population. The
disorder is partially genetic and occurs usually among young adults, although it can also be
developed later in life. Certain stressors and triggers have been found to increase the risks of
developing schizophrenia. As a result many

Catatonia Executive Summary
TREATMENT
GOALS
Control of symptoms using medications and psychosocial therapy
Ability to function in society
○ Goals range from living independently and working a a paid job, to living within a family unit and
maintaining treatment in an outpatient setting
DISPOSITION
Admission criteria
○ When symptoms become severe due to:
– i. Refusing to take medication
– ii. Being unable to care for oneself in the community
– iii. Drug abuse
○ Criteria for ICU admission
– Patients who are diagnosed with catatonia may need to be admitted in ICU
Recommendations for specialist referral
○ Patients should be evaluated and treated by psychiatrists and/ psychologists who are trained at
treating different mental conditions
TREATMENT OPTIONS ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
○ Suicidal tendency
– Patients with schizophrenia are at high risk for suicide.
– Regular screening for symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation is important
– May require hospitalization.
○ Cardiovascular problems
– Patients may develop coronary artery disease
□ As a result of medications
□ As a result of sedentary lifestyle that predominates due to negative symptoms.
– Recommended that patients also see a primary care provider and/or a cardiologist in addition to a
psychiatrist for management of

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders

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