Application Of Effective Governance Model

Application Of Effective Governance Model
1. In institutions of higher learning, governance is significant in terms of ensuring the realization of
learning objectives. However, selecting the application of effective governance model is the most
significant idea for university boards. The governing board of Washington State University is that of
strategic planning aimed at ensuring the need for dynamic marketing and educational excellence.
The Board of Trustees at the institution was formed to serve the role of constituting the voting
members of the Washington State University Foundation. The university has 49 members sitting at
its Board of Trustees. To qualify as Board of Trustee member, the individual should be ready to
volunteer and play a significant role in supporting the foundation. Considering the length of service
and their demographic characteristics, it is evident that the members have proven dedication towards
enhancing the success of the institution. The Board of Trustees have the role of determining the need
for additional member through a way of vote. The written by–laws of the board include the idea of
membership termination and the guidelines for the procedures of conducting meetings. These
guidelines are important in learning the methods of keeping a team focused. 2. The faculty
governance model utilized by the university is institution–based as its setting changes according to
the demands and changes in objectives (Mayfield, Chance, and Lieb, 2002). The key issue found on
the web space for the
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The role of government in fostering intermodal transport...
The role of government in fostering intermodal transport innovation: Freight transportation systems
are very important all over the world and are considered to be very significant to the world for
regional and local economies (Konings & H. Nijkamp, 2008). The author has explained that using
1994 gross national product numbers freight transportation made 6.3 per cent of total expenditure
(Knoning & H. Nijkamp, 2008). Freight transportation represents a percentage of total expenditures
38.52 per cent of the total. Here in the United States freight transportation system has become very
important of global network, which has increase capacity and demand for the needs of customers
that are placed on freight services. There have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The twentieth century, research efforts by the government and universities and private industries has
grown and so have diversity (page, 305). The major agency that identifies and sponsor or conduct
freight transportation research in the United States that highlights their influence role. (1) National
Science Foundation (NSF)–and expanding the partnership with USDOT, based on successful model
of public–private research partnership in the semiconductor industry. (2) Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) largest best funded of USDOT, responsible for managing the Federal Aid
Highway program. (3) Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) conducts research in the area of
safety. Bur of Transportation Statistics (BTS) is the America's primary repository of data on all
aspects of mobility, and in cooperation with the US Census Bureau, BTS is conducts a Commodity
Flow Survey (CFS) every five years. The Department of Transportation (DOT) supports and
participates in applied transportation research aimed at for improving maintenance or enhancing
their operations and funds freight research projects that is through local universities and the
federally sponsored University Transportation Centers (UTCs), which are projects that focus on
either specific operational issues or freight

Title:. Establishing Border Liaison Office Against...
Title:
Establishing Border Liaison Office against Transnational Crime
Statement of the Issue:
Illicit drugs and psychotropic substances are increasingly being smuggled across the borders and
posing not only a serious threat to our young generation but also a national threat. Furthermore, we
found the symptoms of terrorist activities in the area bordering with the neighboring country. The
porous border between Myanmar and neighboring country is rapidly becoming a conduit of
transnational crimes such as gun running, drugs smuggling, human trafficking and terrorist
activities, but yet both sides have not addressed this issue effectively and efficiently.
Background
As a number of occurrences in this year and the last year, 6.2 million ... Show more content on
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Lack of systematic village design plan.
No need to have a large place for making the illicit drugs.
Insufficient law enforcement resources to prevail over the whole area.
Easy to cross the border for the safe haven after the commission of the crimes including terrorist
activities.
Corruption of the front line officers in the border area.
Lack of front line communication system for rapid response to the incidents.
Cannot identify specific nodal points between each other's.
Poor/ inadequate information sharing.
Need of dialogue mindset.
Need of more institutional collaboration among pertinent bodies of different ministries of both sides.
Need of political will to take robust actions in addressing the issues occurring between both sides.
Need of regular exchanges and confidence–building measures between the relevant front line level,
local level, government level law enforcement agencies.
Goal: To establish the Border Liaison Office in Myanmar to promote law enforcement cooperation
with the neighboring country in addressing transnational crime.
Action Plan
Objectives:
1. To develop a Memorandum of Understanding between both sides.
2. To establish the Border Liaison Office in Myanmar side.
Objective 1:
1) Organize a working group within the police force to conduct the coordinating meetings with the
relevant government agencies for discussing on the Memorandum of Understanding and on

Social Trust Research Paper
1
PS236 Spring 2014
Yanjun LIU
Who Trusts? : Social Trust as an Undesirable Outcome in Contemporary China
Abstract: When is social trust a desirable outcome for democracy? A debate on the (un) desirability
of social trust has emerged in recent literature with one side arguing for the bright side of social
trust–––favoring democracies in democratic contexts and another side arguing for the dark side of
social trust––––favoring nondemocracies in nondemocratic contexts. By asking who trusts and
whether the most trusting individuals will be the vanguards of democratization, this research brings
China into the debate and demonstrates with some quantitative evidence from a representative
national sample that in China, higher levels of social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I. Introduction
Social trust has long been recognized as builders of effective democratic governance or facilitators
of transition to democracy. While most research has primarily been limited to democratic contexts,
some recent research has expanded to nondemocratic contexts. In contrast to various mainstream
theories of "good" social trust derived from democratic contexts, some recently emerging theories of
"bad" social trust derived from nondemocratic contexts argue that social trust in nondemocratic
countries may become stabilizers of incumbent autocratic or authoritarian regimes rather than
promoters of democratization. This debate is still at its early stage given that most existing research
has just extended to several nondemocratic countries.
This paper tries to join in this newly opened debate by expanding the research radar into the context
of contemporary China. Specifically, this paper asks: who trusts in today's China? Is social trust a
desirable outcome for the prospect of democracy in China and why?
The rest of the paper is organized as follows: we will first survey the literature development on
social trust from its bright side in conventional wisdom, to the sea change–triggering debate on its
political institutional origins that brings context back in, to its dark side getting our attention in
recent years. This will be followed by a brief review of a few existing research on social trust in
China and the development of several testable

Senior Vice President For Accreditation And Quality...
This letter is sent in response to your announcement of a search for an Associate Vice President for
Accreditation and Quality Assurance at LeTourneau University (LETU). The announcement of this
search drew my attention because I am familiar with LETU's institutional effectiveness, assessment,
and accreditation efforts, and I believe my background and experience provide an excellent fit with
the credentials you seek. I have a keen interest in promoting LETU's mission of engaging "learners
to nurture Christian virtue, to develop competency and ingenuity in their professional fields, to
integrate faith and work, and to serve the local and global community." I am certain that I can make
a positive contribution in support of this vision as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We were able to accomplish this distinction despite the fact that the institution had no consistent or
formal institutional effectiveness processes in place just 3 years before our compliance report was
due for submission. Working diligently and cooperatively with administrators, faculty, and staff, we
were able to build a successful assessment and institutional effectiveness program.
As a member of the SACSCOC Self–Study Steering Committee at SFA, I wrote several significant
sections of the compliance report, and responses to the off–site committee and visiting committee
reports. Furthermore, I have successfully completed the SACSCOC Institutional Effectiveness
Evaluator Training, and have served as an institutional effectiveness reviewer and consultant. As
Director of the OSLIA, I was responsible for continuously monitoring SACSCOC standards for
changes and revisions, and taking appropriate action or advising the Provost of appropriate
responses to ensure ongoing institutional compliance. My duties also required that I write and
submit reports to the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) and other agencies. I
am currently writing sections of SFA's SACSCOC Fifth–Year Interim

Personal Narrative: My Trip To Penn State University
Throughout my time in 4–H, I have attended countless meetings and fairs, gone on field trips with
our club, and even competed at 4–H State Achievement days in both air rifle and livestock judging.
Yet the most memorable and beneficial activity I have attended was the 4–H Animal Science Camp
held at Penn State University. During the camp I had the opportunity to participate in intense,
hands–on workshops. This workshops were quite diverse as they covered everything from animal
handling, to grading meat, to even exploring cow rumens as well as sheep and pig reproductive
tracts. These workshops were very in–depth and focus heavily on the science of the animals.
Considering I was already leaning towards majoring in Agriculture, this camp was ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ryan Mattocks was gracious enough to let me join him, his daughter (Emily Mattocks), and Kali
Rankin on their trip down to Penn State himself. Having the opportunity to take the trip down to
Penn State with him as one of the 4–H chaperones may have been even more beneficial than the
camp itself. An alumni of Penn State University, he gave his daughter and I a tour of the Penn State
Campus and later that weekend the entirety of Penn State`s Beef & Sheep Center. Having been a
student live–in at the center Mr. Mattocks showed us the different wings of the center and his
experiences on campus and living at the center. We also got their earlier because Mr. Mattocks
wanted Emily to have the opportunity to meet some of his old Animal Science teachers at Penn
State. This gave me the opportunity to tag along with them. For about 2 hours we just sat in the
conference room and talked. This was a very valuable and memorable experience because every
question I had at the time was answered. I also got listen to some of their stories together when he
attended Penn State. Having this time to just sit with the teachers and talk with them about anything
was invaluable. Even the ride to and from Penn State was beneficial as I got to talk to Mr. Mattocks
about his career and he does on a day–to–day basis. This helped to broaden my aspect of animal
science and what exactly the degree provides you. I would like to stress that this time spent with Mr.
Mattocks

Global Crimes Cause Global Issues That Affect The National...
Introduction
Global crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more
than 20 years, as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international
impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the
dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever–changing
technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficult to trace and stop, and have
expanded their criminal activities. This has resulted in an unmatched scale of international crime.
Hence, the importance of transnational policing can be understood in terms of various nations
working together to police global crimes. Organizations such as Interpol are at the forefront of
transnational policing, Interpol is the world 's largest international police organization with 190
member countries. Interpol offers a wider approach and diverse strategies to combat global crime;
the jurisdiction is wider enabling a better information and knowledge framework and further helps
in understanding crimes on such a large scale.
Background of Interpol to it's Functions
Interpol was founded in a decidedly different world in 1923, but much of the organization remains
unchanged. At present, Interpol consists of 187 member countries. It is the only transnational
policing institution with global jurisdiction, although it lacks a formal origin in

President Obama's Diplomatic Approach Towards Foreign...
Overwhelmed by numerous armed conflicts in the Middle East and Africa, a formidable domestic
economic crisis, and a growing challenge of primacy from China, the United States government and
public began prioritizing domestic issues. However, persisting transnational concerns, especially
illicit drug trafficking, nuclear weapons proliferation, and the threat of terrorism, largely depend on
U.S. involvement based on our relatively successful past efforts and President Barack Obama's
promising diplomatic approach towards foreign policy. Obama's diplomatic, multilateral outreach
towards foreign governments, most recently China and Russia, began to gain significant support
from the general public in America as well as abroad. "When asked to ... Show more content on
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According to the National Research Council, "further progress in this area depends to a large extent
on the results of bilateral U.S.–Russian cooperation" (U.S. National Academies Committee 2004:
13). The Obama administration took assertive steps in securing a disarmament treaty with Russia, an
essential part of a grander strategy that targets the entire global community. With Russia as an ally,
the U.S. gains more leverage in addressing the developing nuclear program in North Korea, a
serious mutual concern for both countries (U.S. National Academies Committee 2004: 14). In
regards to numerous issues on which U.S. and Russia hold contrasting points of view, such as the
nuclear program in Iran, an effort to gain valuable compromise holds potentially greater benefits
than military action or economic sanctions. President Obama seems to be taking deliberate steps
towards achieving his long–term goals involving diplomatic effort and multilateral cooperation
despite Americans' growing concerns with domestic issues. Less spectacular, however, are current
measures against the growing pressure of terrorism. Former President George W. Bush's doctrine
employed a very aggressive, muscular approach towards preventing terrorist attacks by targeting
countries that may harbor terrorist organizations along with the individual terrorists. By choosing to
increase military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan, Obama

NATO: The North Atlantic Council (NAC)
NATO has a number of bodies with different functions such as the North Atlantic Council (NAC),
the NATO Headquarters, the Military Committee, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Secretary
General, and other institutional frameworks for the relations with the partner states. NATO's
institutional designs are characterized by a mid–low degree of delegation, high member state
control, and low agent autonomy. In NATO, both International Staff and International Military Staff
work for the institution rather than their respective states from which they are delegated, and they do
not possess any treaty–based formal competencies. These design features are best explained by
realism. The United States, the hegemonic power in NATO, essentially seeks ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Since there were no military attacks on NATO member states and no wars in which NATO was
involved during the Cold War, it is reasonable to assume that NATO was successful throughout the
period from the perspectives of realism. Yet defense from external threats was not the only purpose
of the foundation of NATO as stated earlier. Rational institutionalists will claim that NATO was also
successful in preventing security competitions or tensions within the alliance and promoting sound
relations among the member states. In fact, the relations between member states were comparatively
favorable except some cases such as the Greek–Turkish relations. When it comes to enforcement
problems, constantly there was a question about the credibility of U.S. extended deterrence, but
there has been no opportunity to test it so far. Despite the relative success of NATO, rational
institutionalists will have to admit that the withdrawals of France (1959) and Greece (1974) from
NATO's military command undermined the institutional unity. Last but not least, from constructivist
perspectives, NATO fared well because its liberal democratic norms and values thrived and were
even legitimized by the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. It should not be too much to say that the
Western values that NATO promotes continue to be appealing as it has further expanded since the
end of the Cold

Problem Areas of FEMA
Some of the problem areas of FEMA in relation to the disasters that have occurred in the last decade
in the US are:
"DOD, FEMA, and the state of Louisiana had difficulty coordinating with each other, which slowed
the response" .
"DOD/DHS coordination was not effective during Hurricane Katrina" .
There is a question of turf amongst officials . With interdepartmental rivalry hurting the cause of
prompt disaster relief.
"FEMA management lacked situational awareness of existing requirements and of resources in the
supply chain. An overwhelmed logistics system made it challenging to get supplies, equipment, and
personnel where and when needed" .
FEMA has issues regarding logistics provisioning and the availability of trained staff for
procurement of logistic requirements .
"The Homeland Security Operations Center failed to provide valuable situational information to the
White House and key operational officials during the disaster".
"Despite extensive preparedness initiatives, DHS was not prepared to respond to the catastrophic
effects of Hurricane Katrina".
"A lack of personnel, training, and funding also weakened command and control".
"Ineffective command and control delayed many relief efforts".
"The Secretary Department of Homeland Security should have designated the Principal Federal
Official on Saturday, two days prior to landfall, from the roster of PFOs who had successfully
completed the required training, unlike then FEMA Director Michael Brown.

Rural Development Case Study
Case Study Of A Rural Development:
The Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III
[pic]
By
LEONILA TANYAG–CONRADO
2012
Table of Contents
Case Study Abstract
Introduction
Definition of Terms
Objectives
Project Beneficiaries
Analysis of the project
Development Framework
Expected Outcomes
Recommendation for Sustainability
Sources
CASE STUDY ABSTRACT:

This case details the implementation of Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project (ARISP) III
in the province of Quezon 1. The vision of writer is to initially determine the effect of the on–going
implementation in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also includes the replication of Agrarian Information and Marketing Center (AIM–C),when and
where feasible, to provide marketing assistance, information service, training and financing services
to the ARBs.
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Agrarian reform is defined to mean the redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits
produced, to farmers and regular farm workers who are landless, irrespective of tenurial
arrangement, to include the totally of factors and support services designed to lift the economic
status of the beneficiaries and all other arrangements alternative to the physical redistribution of
lands, such as production or profit sharing, labor administration, and the distribution of shares of
stocks, which will allow beneficiaries to receive a just share of the fruits of the lands they work.
ARC Connectivity – is a new strategy wherein development in the ARCs will radiate to non–ARC
barangays that will benefit more ARBs and communities. Each barangay will complement the
development concept of the cluster barangays which is conceived to undertake agro industrial
development endeavor focusing on production, processing, and marketing of products where they
have competitive advantage.
AGRARIAN REFORM COMMUNITY (ARC) DEVELOPMENT – is an area focused intervention
designed to propel and sustain national growth through a people centered, concentrated, holistic
approach in community development.
Economic freedom is a term used in economics which

Economic and Monetary Union (Emu)
History In June 1988 the European Council confirmed the objective of the progressive realization of
Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It mandated a committee chaired by Jacques Delors, the
then President of the European Commission, to study and propose concrete stages leading to this
union. Economic and monetary union evolved in three discrete but evolutionary steps.
First step – On the basis of the Delors Report, the European Council decided in June 1989 that the
first stage of the realisation of economic and monetary union should begin on 1 July 1990. On this
date, in principle, all restrictions on the movement of capital between Member States were
abolished.
The Committee of Governors of the central banks of the Member States of ... Show more content on
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A chronological sequence of events was pre–announced for the changeover to the euro. This
scenario was mainly based on detailed proposals elaborated by the EMI
At the same time, the EMI was given the task of carrying out preparatory work on the future
monetary and exchange rate relationships between the euro area and other EU countries. In
December 1996 the EMI presented its report to the European Council, which formed the basis of a
Resolution of the European Council on the principles and fundamental elements of the new
exchange rate mechanism (ERM II), which was adopted in June 1997.
Third step – On 1 January 1999 final stage of EMU commenced with the irrevocable fixing of the
exchange rates of the currencies of the 11 Member States initially participating in Monetary Union
and with the conduct of a single monetary policy under the responsibility of the ECB.
The number of participating Member States increased to 12 on 1 January 2001, when Greece
entered the third stage of EMU. Since that day the Bank of Greece has been part of the Eurosystem.
Greece 's participation followed a decision taken on 19 June 2000 by the EU Council – meeting in
the composition of the Heads of State or Government – that Greece fulfilled the convergence
criteria.
Advantages of the EMU:
• the costs decrease in transactions with the countries of the euro zone,
• reduction of the degree of uncertainty among the

Background. Culture Refers To The Shared Values And Beliefs
Background
Culture refers to the shared values and beliefs that bind organizations together. The role of
institutional culture should not be understated. There are four broad principles of culture: (1) it
creates and maintains a unique identity; (2) it promotes loyalty and personal investment to the
organization, such as a college; (3) it promotes cohesiveness to the group; and (4) it manages and
influences individual and group action (Gage, 1978; Goodlad, 1984; and Kuh & Whitt, 1988). There
is not singular or concise definition of culture in organization. "Culture is argued as playing a
significant role in addressing individual bias and attitudes and institutional structures that make
alternative work arrangements and other policy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This does not mean that employees are not personally invested in the organizations, that alumni do
not wish to continue to be embedded in the organization, that outside entities, or donors, do not
impact plans, or that faculty members are not committed to continued advancements in their fields,
ongoing professional development, and lifelong learning.
One Community College – One Unique Experience Drawing on e several decades of research, Kuh
and Whitt (1988) highlight themes that help us better understand culture and define it as "mutually
shaping patterns of norms, values, practices, beliefs, and assumptions that guide the behavior of
individuals and groups ..." (162). In order to understand the culture of an institution we should find
out what the organization and the employees value and believe and seek to understand the norms
and assumptions that direct behavior.
In order to enhance my understanding of the readings, I asked several of my colleagues what our
culture is and for an example of our culture. Most described the culture at Montgomery Community
College as a 'students first' view in teaching, admissions, and all other areas. Some described the
college as in terms of our admission policy – open door – noting that we are an open door institution
and we welcome all (Faculty Handbook, 2015). Some explained that we should seek to make
students welcome at all times and the visible indicator is an open door –

The Jordanian National Commission for Women Affairs...
The Jordanian National Commission for Women Affairs prepares the strategy and studies the
difficulties and problems facing in the execution of strategy and implements it with concerned
institutions. The committee of the commission submits reports about the extent of progressing
achieving the objectives of the strategy, mobilizes the necessary resources through continual
coordination and effective partnership between the Jordanian National Commission for Women
Affairs and different governmental authorities that could provide financial and technical support to
implement the programmes and projects for women. The strategy for 2012–2015 includes training
program on how to prepare its projects, reports of following up and evaluation in order to measure
the extent of the progress and achievement in light of strategy aims with participation of women and
men and representatives of official governments, civil and private community organizations,
academic and media institutions.. The commission developed mechanisms and strong,
methodological and sustainable work to activate the process of executing the strategy and its
objectives with its various axes and fields in relation with all partners who are divided to four
different levels. Level one – with governmental institutions: Enhancing partnership between the
commission and governmental ministries and departments on the base of integrating different
concerned authorities. Helping the commission to convert and translate its

World War I And Higher Education
World War I and Higher Education
Mary Catherine Sikes Societal Context On July 28th of 1914, the first shots of what came to be the
world's first "total war" were fired. The war would become the first arms contest fought primarily by
large, organized nations since the dawn of the industrial revolution (Marshall, 1964). Though the
war was waged between July 1914 and November 11, 1918, the United States of America did not
begin sending troops until 1917. They united with the allied powers after the sinking of the RMS
Lusitania in 1915, an event that outraged Americans due to the loss of 128 American citizens on
board (1964). Meanwhile, higher education in the United States began to see a drastic change that
would transform ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While institutional form was changing, academic standards were still lax, and institutions admitted
anyone who had the money to attend, even if they were poorly prepared (2012; Cohen & Kisker,
2009). Many higher education institutions struggled to survive World War I's impact, and only two
thirds of institutions remained open by the end of the war (Cardozier, 1993). Presidents of larger
universities suggested that smaller colleges should close if they could not keep up with institutional
transformation or become junior colleges to prepare students to attend universities (Cohen & Kisker,
2009). The making of the contemporary research university helped some universities survive the
conflict. The Association of American Universities (AAU) formed in 1900 aided in the increase of
research based institutes, and throughout World War I research to aid the war effort through studies
on explosives and industrial processes was supported through government funding (2009). The
Reserve Officers' Training Corps formed in 1916 and the Students' Army Training Corps formed in
1918 allowed male students to enlist in the army while simultaneously living on campus and
receiving training from the military. In the "Bulletin of the American Association of University
Professors" in 1918, Lovejoy, Capps, and Young state: "In this

India National Committee on Disaster Management
India: National Committee on Disaster Management (NCDM) Since independence in 1947, India
has developed a nationwide relief administration but with the primary responsibility placed on State
Governments to play the lead role. It has raised a specific structure for disaster management in the
recent years. The structure is as under:– Figure 3–6 NDMA – India (Source: NDMA, India)
Mandate  The Central Government plays a number of important roles in the primary relief
functions relating to warning, communications, transportation (evacuation and movement of
essential commodities), logistics, medical supplies, infrastructure preservation and restoration, and
financial resources.  Secondary role of the Central Government is designed to supplement the
states' relief efforts. It includes flood forecasts, relief, rehabilitation and restoration, contingency
planning, technical assistance for provision of drinking water, water management, and coordination
of state voluntary agencies' activities. Responsibilities  In India the state government is primarily
responsible for disaster management, specially the responsibility for rescue, relief and rehabilitation.
Effort of the state government is augmented by the central government in terms of financial and
logistic support.  Responsible departments and ministries are:– o Ministry of agriculture. o Civil
aviation department. o Ministry of interior. o Ministry of Railways. o Ministry of environment. o
Health and family welfare

Pros And Cons Of Sui Generis
1
The National University of "Kyiv Mohyla Academy"
EU political system
MA "German and European studies" Lecturer: Dr. André Härtel
Viktoriia Khomenko
Why is a EU political system "sui generis"?
Introduction
The XX century was very revolutionary. There were not only two World Wars but the establishment
of different organizations that have been contributing to the political, economic and social life of
different states. Such organizations like NATO and UN integrated countries. But the most successful
"project" is the creation of the European Union. But what is actually the European Union? Why its
political system is called "sui generis"?
What is "sui generis"?
According to Merriam–Webster dictionary, "sui generis" is an adjective that means constituting ...
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Then the Council shapes its position by QMV (qualified majority voting). According to the report of
Martina Schonard 05/2017 "In the fields of social security and police and judicial cooperation in
criminal matters, the proposal can be submitted to the European
Council at the request of one Member State (Articles 48 and 82 TFEU), and this suspends the
ordinary legislative procedure until the European Council reassigns the matter to the Council (at the
latest after four months)". If the Parliament's issue is approved by the Council, the act is adopted. If
the Council doesn't agree on the Parliament's opinion, it gives the Parliament three month to make a
decision, which may approve the proposal as amended by the Council, or have no decision, reject
the Council's position, and adopt amendments to the Council's position by an absolute majority. In
the second reading, if the Council approves all of Parliament's amendments, the act is adopted. If it
is not, the
Conciliation Committee is gathered within six weeks. If the Conciliation Committee doesn't meet
any agreement, the procedure of the act's adoption is stopped.
5
Conclusion
To draw the conclusion, one can say that supranational elements are shown in the organization

Reality Is A Hard Trail
Reality is a hard trail that everyone in the world has to face. Reality comes with many aspects that
are constantly changing and that can be confusing or scary to many people. Coming to terms with
reality is difficult sometimes but, no one must shy from aspects of reality for that reason. If they
were to shy away and hide themselves from knowledge or experience then they will never be able to
overcome their conflictions with the issue. In order to grow, people have to properly come to
understand and face harsh realities. There are no safe spaces or trigger warnings in most places of
the world. That's the lesson that the incoming students of University of Chicago, whom may expect
the inclusion of 'trigger warning' and 'safe spaces' into the education system, need to understand. A
safe space is an area located anywhere, where anyone can escape from things they find harmful,
such as controversial topics or different ideals. They are also able to fully express themselves,
without having to worry about being uncomfortable, unwelcome, or unsafe. A trigger warning is an
essentially a warning that the presented content through verbal or visual means, may be considered
disturbing or upsetting to many. Some students of Chicago University may think that their school is
in need of these concepts in order to protect themselves however the University has rejected the idea
in a letter they sent, on the basis that it could prove harmful to their academic freedom. The
University of

The Economic And Political Organization
INTRODUCTION UMA means the economic and political organization, founded on 17 February
1989 by the five Maghreb countries, namely Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania and Tunisia. This
region is experiencing a great shortage of water. In parallel, there are many problems such as poor
access to water leaks in water supply, waste and mismanagement networks. This sentence from the
report of the World Bank in 2011 illustrates the need to take action at the risk of seeing the situation
worse. In this context it is entirely appropriate to question whether cooperation in water, efficient
and integrating all members of the AMU, can it be implemented? In the present state of things, this
cooperation should not be possible. Certainly the water situation in the Maghreb countries impose a
full cooperation in water. Nevertheless it remains mortgaged face multiple barriers. However,
cooperation of bilateral or trilateral kind seem more achievable. WATER SITUATION IN THE
COUNTRY OF UMA Global cooperation in water is necessary in the AMU countries due to
unfavorable water situation in conjunction with the existence of common resources and a number of
experiences to share. I. GENERALIZED WATER STRESS: I.1. Water deficit: The Maghreb is
located in one of the most endangered in the world by water stress. In fact the UN in areas of class
looming shortage. In addition the region is suffering the consequences of climate change that result
in a net

Greek Debt Crisis
THE ROLE OF THE EU AND IMF IN MITIGATING THE GREEK DEBT CRISIS
European Sovereign Debt Crisis
Timeline:
❖ 2008, Iceland's international banking system collapsed following the collapse of the US financial
sector
❖ Late 2009, fears of a sovereign debt crisis developed concerning some European states.
Sovereign debts (Gov't debt) externally issued rose sharply due to numerous bank bailouts.
❖ 2010, tensions rose in the countries of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Hungary, and Romania.
❖ 2011, much concern focused on Greece because of its high budget deficit and government debt,
previous political instability, creative accounting fiasco, and public debt maturity. EU/IMF provided
emergency funding with the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How is EU addressing the Greek debt crisis?
❖ After the request for activation of EU/IMF bailout as a last resort for Greece, member states of
EU are to contribute to the bailout loan based on GDP and population. Euro zone ministers approved
the 3–year package of emergency loan. The first instalment was released in time for the May 19 debt
repayment to creditors.
❖ In exchange for this bailout, severe austerity measures in Greece are to be implemented to pay off
debt in the next 3 years: 3–year public sector pay freeze, privatization of public companies, civil
servant benefit cuts, higher taxes on sales and fuel, increase in retirement age, and reduction in
pensions.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) and its role in the Greek debt crisis
Identity of the International Monetary Fund
❖ It is an organization of 187 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure

financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic
growth, and reduce poverty around the world.
❖ It was first created to stabilize the world economic system through cooperation.
❖ A member's quota in the IMF determines the amount of its subscription, its voting weight, its
access to IMF financing, and its allocation of Special

An Analysis of the Powers of the European Parliament Essay
An Analysis of the Powers of the European Parliament
History of the European Parliament:
On the 18th April 1951 the Ministers representing France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland and
Luxembourg signed in Paris a treaty which established the European Coal and Steel Community, the
ECSC was born. The most important feature of the ECSC was its supranational character, it was a
supranational organization. It was aptly described as a 'quasi federation in an important economic
sector.[1] The Community was endowed with five organs;
1. An executive, called the High Authority
2. A Consultative Committee attached to the High Authority
3. A Special Council of Ministers
4. An Assembly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two years later, Greece joined the EEC followed by Spain and Portugal in 1986. With the entry of
Austria, Finland and Sweden in 1995, the European Parliament was expanded to its present size of
626 members. The Treaty of Nice provides that the allocation can be reweighed from 2004 to
accommodate new Member States without increasing the number of MEPs beyond 732.
The size of the European Parliament has increased so has its powers. Originally, the EP was
conceived as little more than a consultative assembly with limited scope in certain areas, however it
has gained significant new powers and responsibilities with the signing of the Single European Act
in 1986, the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 and the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1996.
Elections
Election s to the European Parliament are held on a five year fixed term basis, there is no uniform
electoral procedure consequently the five sets of direct elections held to date have been contested on
the basis of different national electoral arrangements. In the 1999 elections the UK did not use its
standard 'first past the post' system, but rather proportional representation on a regional basis. This
meant that for the first time a form of proportional representation was used in all Member States. As
well as the differences between the electoral systems of

The New Global Rulers : The Privatization Of Regulation
As the world becomes increasingly interdependent, global governance is necessary to effectively
address transnational economic issues. Public and private governance has emerged in response to
transnational challenges, resulting in institutional complexities and overlapping goals, as seen in
Vogel's article, as well as in the books written by Hale and Held, and Buthe and Mattli. I will
explore the benefits and disadvantages of transnational governance beginning with examining Hale
and Held's book "Handbook of Transnational Governance: Institutions and Innovations", which
looks at the the different types of governance that have emerged. I will go on to review Vogel's
article "Private Global Business Regulation", which discusses the importance of incorporating
private regulation with state–based regulatory policies. I will then review Buthe and Mattli's book
"The New Global Rulers: The Privatization of Regulation in the World Economy" to explore the
implications of the internationalization and privatization of rule making. I will go on to conclude
that overall, public and private governance is beneficial as it provides more expertise and resources,
and can support the growth of a stable global economy. That being said, these governing bodies
must work to increase their legitimacy in order to have sustainable success by streamlining their
common goals and considering their effect on developing countries. By looking specifically at the
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, I

Risk Analysis for Terrorist Targets
Terrorist's targets Terrorist organizations do not randomly choose their targets. Before they settle on
a specific target, they have to do a lot risk analysis. In the recent past, it was so unlikely for terrorists
to strike military targets. Terrorist activities are presently politically motivated. These organizations
have presently taken to striking high profile political targets that draw much media attention. It is
now very common to see terrorists shelling commercial centers. Factors that terrorist groups
consider before choosing their targets have been lumped into two. These are crave for media
attention and minimal loss of life (Hoffman, 1998). Because terrorist organizations rely on public
support, they endeavor to put human casualties at bear minimum. This is especially true for western
style terrorists. However, with religious fundamentalist terrorism, terrorist activities result into
massive loss of lives and civilian casualties. This can be exemplified in September, 11 twin terrorist
attack on World Trade Center. Meanwhile, the factors that terrorist organizations consider before
settling on their targets cannot be confined to propaganda of the deed. From a terrorist's perspective,
targeting is informed by a definite logic. This is where the propaganda of logic comes in because
terrorists will always select targets that would draw people's attention and in the process inform,
educate, and rally people's support behind their course. In spite of the popular

The Eurasian Economic Union : The Development Of The...
The development of the Eurasian Economic Union has been lengthy and a complicated process.
The first evidence of the attempts to emulate the EU can be traced back to the post–Soviet
Economic Union back in 1993. This project was driven by post–Soviet Russia, as an attempt to
reengage with the CIS member–states as a reaction to criticism and growing domestic discontent
with its role in the "near abroad".
Thus the 1993 treaty adopted an institutional framework similar the one of the EU, which gave a
normative basis for the establishment of the Customs Union, the Single Market with the free
mobility of goods, services and capital and a common currency union, aimed at retaining the
common ruble zone. Compared to its 1991 predecessor, the ... Show more content on
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The intensity of tensions between the Eurasian regionalism and post–socialist state building
undermined the effectiveness of the CIS framework, which took a path–dependent vector of
development. As the result, many still emphasize its "amorphous" nature. If we were to use the
terminology utilized by the 90ies scholars of post–social transition, this initial attempt to create an
Economic Union would be characterized by the "shock therapy approach" – an alternative to which
is gradualism. The failure of the Economic Union initiative embedded in the CIS framework led
participating member–states to realization that only smaller, gradual steps could be taken in the
direction of such integration as the EU, and only on a voluntary basis. This required disintegration
of the project from the CIS framework, which would sabotage the efficiency of agreements.
Applying the variable speed approach to the integration, Kazakhstan Belarus and Russia signed the
Customs Union agreements in 1995. Later, in 1997 Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan joined the agreement.
However, the quality of institutionalization of this project was rather questionable, as the Russian
government approached the actualization of the

Global Crimes Cause Global Issues That Affect The National...
Global crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more
than 20 years, as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international
impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the
dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever–changing
technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficult to trace and stop, and have
expanded their criminal activities. This has resulted in an unmatched scale of international crime.
Hence, the importance of transnational policing can be understood in terms of various nations
working together to police global crimes. Organizations such as Interpol are at the forefront of
transnational policing, Interpol is the world 's largest international police organization with 190
member countries. Interpol offers a wider approach and diverse strategies to combat global crime;
the jurisdiction is wider enabling a better information and knowledge framework and further helps
in understanding crimes on such a large scale.
Background of Interpol to it's Functions
Interpol was founded in a decidedly different world in 1923, but much of the organization remains
unchanged. At present, Interpol consists of 187 member countries. It is the only transnational
policing institution with global jurisdiction, although it lacks a formal origin in international law.
Interpol was not created by

Task 1 Professinal Roles and Values
Melonie Miller
Organizational Systems and Quality Leadership Task 1
A: Delivering quality care is the priority of the nursing profession as an institution and in order to
facilitate this, data driven indicators are employed to measure how effective the care environment is.
These nursing sensitive indicators include complications such as urinary tract infection, patient falls,
surgical complications, length of hospital stay, restraint prevalence, incidences of failure to rescue,
patient satisfaction, pressure ulcers and nursing satisfaction. In the case of Mr. J, the demented rabbi,
who as a nurse supervisor I am responsible for, nursing sensitive indicators are crucial in monitoring
the level of care and making adjustments so that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Without understanding nurse sensitive indicators, nurses would have no way to identify and address
serious problems like patient cooperation or risk of infection or injury.
B: Nursing sensitive indicators provide a quantitative and empirical means by which nurses can
evaluate the process of care for the patient and so adjust their practice accordingly. In both the case
of the excessive use of restraints and making the patient dissatisfied by providing non–kosher food
there is an indication that the patient is getting poor care. Without them, nurses would have no way
to figure out how to improve the quality of care. By measuring nursing sensitive indicators hospital
wide and collecting this information, quality patient care in hospitals can be advanced due to the
administrators knowing which areas of practice nurses need to improve. All organizations, including
hospitals have institutional cultures, these cultures can potentially have a positive or negative effect
on desired outcomes. In the case of hospitals this would be the quality of patient care. If the
institutional culture of nurses in the hospital promotes negligence in care, lack of respect for patient
autonomy, or poor prioritization, the nursing sensitive indicators should reveal it as for example:
negligent care would lead to higher rates of falls and complications acquired during the patient stay.
An example of where a hospital using nursing

The Impacts Of Chin Coercive Isomorphism Within The Three...
Coercive isomorphism within the three pillars: There are three pillars (cognitive, normative and
regulative) that matter when it comes to institution building in a new country. Coercive isomorphism
relates to the pillar regulative, which is the main pillar used to explain the foreign direct investment
of a country. However, without the cognitive and normative pillar, it is impossible to examine this.
The reason coercive isomorphism is mainly used relates to the fact that it is easier to classify
regulative constructs than cognitive– or normative constructs (Trevino, Thomas, & Cullen, 2008).
Coercive isomorphism: Coercive isomorphism comes from the formal and informal pressures that is
exerted upon a dependent organization by another organization. This pressure relates to the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In November 2013, the new Chinese leadership's focus on deepening economic reform in China led
to a milestone Decision reached at the Third Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP), which depicted the vision of comprehensive and far–reaching economic
reform in the near future. The expected reforms are also considered as a strategic response to
address the emerging trading rules and disciplines, focusing on regulatory coherence, which are
intensively negotiated in some mega–regional trade pacts, such as the Trans Pacific Partnership
(TPP) and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) The paper attempts to offer a
comprehensive review and assessment of China's trade development strategy and trade policy
reforms since China initiated its domestic economic reform and open–door policy, and also to
analyze the prospect of future reforms, including some challenges that China would need to address
in the context of a changing global business environment. Stage I: Import substitution and marginal
export promotion (1980–1983) Stage II: Export promotion neutralizing import substitution

Democratic Deficit in the Eu Essay
Does the EU suffer from a democratic deficit? If so, can it be solved by conferring greater powers
on the European parliament?
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–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
The 'standard version' of the democratic deficit formulated by Weiler, consisting of the increased
role of the executive Commission in matters of legislation, the weakness of the European Parliament
(hereafter the EP), the lack of 'European' elections, EU distance to public scrutiny and voters, and
finally 'policy drifting' by the executive non–compliant to voter interests, has and continues to be a
major target of criticism within the field of European Union (the EU) law. The matter is of utmost
importance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 2008–2009, 203 proposals over 18 months resulted in only 6 going to the Conciliation
Committee. This gives dominant oversight to the Commission in the law–making process, a key
factor in democratic deficit critique in EU law–making and somewhat undermining the notion that
the EP is the vehicle for EU accountability.
Further, the Commission's institutional structure is a factor putting great weight on perceptions of
the democratic deficit since it lacks democratic credentials yet largely dominates EU law–making in
spite of the presence of the EP as its democratic face. Commissioners are not elected, directly nor
indirectly, as is with most sovereign executives. Follesdal and Hix however argue that the exercise
of these executive powers requires contestation of political leadership and policy. They also suggest
that direct elections by citizens or national parliaments should be allowed for the contestation of the
Commission President who holds the most powerful EU executive position, so as to increase
democratic input. Contrary to this position is that of Moravcsik, who discounts the idea of elections
as a possible remedy and rejects the notion of

Capella University Conflict Of Interest In Ethical Practices
With any research comes risk. Risk can be defined broadly as a condition in which there is a
possibility that persons or property could experience adverse consequences. Many action research
(AR) studies encounter minimal exposure to any harmful information or risks to the participants.
According to The Belmont Report "even avoiding harm requires learning what is harmful; and in the
process of obtaining this information, person may be exposed to risk of harm." Ethical practices
should always be performed by maintaining promises of confidentiality and monitoring the data to
ensure the safety of the participants. Privacy, confidentially and informed consent are all important
elements in action research. Prior to conducting a study, it is necessary ... Show more content on
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(n.d.). Bias in research. The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Retrieved
from http://familymed.uthscsa.edu/facultydevelopment/ elearning/biasinresearch.htm
Capella University. (2016). A Guide to the Milestones for EdD Capstone Learners Retrieved from
http://www.capella.edu/iGuidePA/dissertationresearch/EdDMilestoneGuide.pdf
Capella University. (2016). Conflict of Interest and Dual Roles IRB Guidance on Understanding,
Identifying, and Managing Conflicts of Interest. Retrieved from
Creswell, J.W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and
qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1979). The Belmont report: Ethical principles and
guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. Washington, DC:OPRR Reports.
Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity (2015). Retrieved from
http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/research/understanding–implicit–bias/
Stringer, E. (2014). Action research (4th ed). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE

History Of United Nations Environment Programme Essay
Evidence of Change in Public Administration and Governance practice over past 10 years
Case of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
University of the West of Scotland in Cyprus
Gulnara Hojanepesova
Submitted to Dr. Omur Yilmaz
Table of Contents
1) Introduction 2
1.1 Background Information 2
1.2 Achievements. 2
2) Administration and Governance Practice of UNEP 3
2.1 Changes in Internal Structure and Decision – Making Processes 3
i) Quality Assurance Section (QAS) 3 ii) Medium Term Strategy (MTS) 3 iii) Programme Approval
Group (PAG) 4 iv) Project Review Committee (PRC 4
2.2 Change in the External Image of UNEP 4
3) Conclusion 6
3.1 Future of UNEP 6
3.2 Final Thoughts 6
References: 7
1) Introduction
1.1 Background Information
There have been 40 years of major UN environmental summits, within which the UN Environment
Programme (UNEP) has been created. The United Nation Environmental Program was created in
1972 as agency of United Nations which would be protective investigator in sphere of environment
and would be able to bring positive changes in international society by making substantial moves
towards sustainable development. As mentioned on UNEP 's official website, the main goal of the
programme is "to provide leadership and encourage partnership in caring for the environment by
inspiring, informing, and enabling nations and peoples to improve their quality of life without
compromising that of future generations."
UNEP has been involved in

The Threat Of Nuclear Weapons
The world is familiar with the devastation of nuclear weapons and the enduring impact that they
have on the lives of those who had suffered in the horrors of war or tragic accidents around the
globe. Practical use of nuclear weapons may have been brought under a check, nonetheless, the
proliferation of this dangerous technology is a concern that remains a factor for 'strategic turbulence'
in our time. Transformation of crude nuclear technology and fissile material into weapons of mass
destruction – somewhat true – has become a thesis for two distinct aspects: One, the
institutionalization of regimes and treaties to control and finally disarm the nuclear weapons;
Second, casus belli for intervention into other States and regime changes. Such proliferation
concerns have been the reasons of realization of Nuclear Non–Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and other
subsequent mechanism. Significant amongst those is the Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) – that
somehow brings in NPT and (now struggles to adjust some of the non–NPT signatories) into a
single cohesive framework. This article attempts to expound on its efficacy and discusses Pakistan's
membership of NSG. It also endeavors to propose a comprehensive single framework whereby
various export control regimes can be converged. In the contemporary international security
environment, the NSG membership debate has emerged as an urgent issue for the states in Asia. It
is, therefore, important to seek answers to some relevant key

Essay The Corruption Scandal of the European Commission
Abstract: The Corruption Scandal of the European Commission and its possible effects on the
institutional balance and the question of legitimacy
I. Defining Corruption
The first chapter is an attempt to define corruption. It is important to divide overlapping and
complicated terms such as corruption, scandal and fraud. Corruption is defined as an illegal
transaction, where both actors benefit from their special position in the market or the government.
Scandal is the public reaction to allegations of corruption and thus it is interconnected with the issue
of legitimacy. Fraud, however is a purely criminal cathegory.
The European Commission is a multicultural and multinational institution of the European Union so
it is vital to take ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the northern part of the continent there is more emphasis on the notions of incompatibility and the
conflict of interest. There are problems however around the financing of political parties.
II. The Organization of the European Commission
The Commission is at thte heart of the Union. It has a very important role in formulating policies,
initiating legislation, overseeing implementation, make administrative decisions.
The Commission had a great impact on the poltics of the Communities from the earliest times. The
ambitions of the Commission to gain more influence in European decision–making caused frequent
conflict with the Council of Ministers, which saw the strengthening of the supranational
Commission as a main threat to the souvereignity of the member states. This conflict was
accentuated at the Luxembourg crisis in 1965, which was the greatest institutional crisis of the
Community. The crisis was caused by De Gaulle`s resistance of the Commission`s proposal of
introducing majority voting in the Council instead of unanimity. The French President paralysed the
working of the Community by practicing the "empty chair" politics, boykotting the
Council of Ministers. The crisis was solved by he Luxembourg compromise, which kept the veto of
the member states.
The first sign of corruption in the Commission was the 1979 report of the Court of Auditors, which
accused the commissioners of using the community funds for private purposes and scrunitized the

The European Commission : The State Of The European Council
The seat of the commission is in Brussels and also has an office in Luxemburg. In addition, the
commission has representation in all member states and a delegation in most countries around the
world. The commission consists of one commissioner from each country that is 28 commissioners in
total. The commission's president is elected by the government of member states after consultation
with the European Parliament (Step4All Consortium, 2014). In addition, each member state's
government should elect commissioners. However, it is up to the parliament either to approve or
refuse each commissioner's appointment. One term of the commissioner that includes the president
is 5 years. Each commissioner has a cabinet under him/her and organized ... Show more content on
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"simple majority", "qualified majority" and "unanimity". Decisions are often made using the
qualified majority voting system. According to the qualified majority voting system, the decision
needs to be supported by at least 255 votes out of 345 votes, need to be approved by the majority of
the member states i.e. 14 and represent at least 62% of the EU population(U.S. Mission to the
European Union, 2012).
According to Joos (2015), the Lisbon Treaty also known as the reform treaty which was made on 1st
December 2009 has resulted in complex political decision–making process in EU. First, it
strengthens the role of the parliament in political decision making and increased the number of
decision makers. Second, decision making in the Council is now made through the qualified
majority principle rather than the unanimity principle.
The European Parliament uses two voting systems: "simple majority" which means the majority of
MEPs voting and "absolute majority" which means the majority of its component members (U.S.
Mission to the European Union, 2012).
EU co–decision procedure was first introduced in 1992 by the Maastricht treaty and it was modified
by the 1997 Amsterdam treaty (Turnovec, 2009). According to the co–decision procedure of the EU,
a new legislation proposed by the commission is submitted for the council's and the parliament's
decision. In the first reading, the proposed legislation is approved by the council through qualified

Europe: The Lisbon Treaty
The Lisbon treaty followed the disastrous Constitutional Treaty of 2004 that was rejected in
referendums in France and the Netherlands. After a period of reflection, negotiations began for
another treaty (Laursen, 2013:9). These negotiations continued for months, after which it was left to
the Portuguese presidency to complete the Treaty, and thus the Treaty became known as the Lisbon
Treaty. It was signed in Lisbon on 13 December 2007, but only entered into force on 1 December
2009 following ratification problems, particularly in Ireland (Cini and Borragen, 2013:51). Attitudes
towards the Lisbon Treaty differ widely (Laursen, 2013: 9). For some, the Treaty simply sets out
incremental reforms designed to make the EU more accountable and ... Show more content on
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Thus, a more efficient legislative process has emerged. It can be seen from the three aforementioned
reforms that the European Parliament has become more efficient following the Lisbon Treaty.
Secondly, the Council of Ministers has become both more transparent and more efficient following
the Treaty of Lisbon. The Treaty on the European Union (TEU) recognised that public debate
needed to be improved and the public needed to be better informed about the progress and merits of
legislation (Mayoral, 2011:8). As a result, the Lisbon Treaty stated that the Council must meet in
public when it deliberates and votes on draft legislation. This represents a step towards a more
transparent Union. However, the most important reform with respect to the Council concerns the
new method for calculating Qualified Majority Voting (QMV): when the Council votes according to
that decision rule (Mayoral, 2011:8). Although this reform has yet to be enacted, it is due to come
into law as of 1 November 2014, and will increase the Council's efficiency significantly. The new
system makes the allocation of votes more proportional to the population of the member states,
"reflecting an image of the Council as being both a union of states and citizens" (Mayoral, 2011:8).
The adoption of this system can be seen as a more efficient legislative method. It can be seen that
the Lisbon Treaty, with regards to the Council of Ministers, has made the EU more efficient and
more

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Ou?
INTRODUCTION:
The organization of the African union (OAU) was established in May 1963 in Addis Ababa on the
signature of the OAU Charter by representatives of 32 governments. A further 21 states have joined
gradually over the years, with South Africa becoming the 53rd member on 23 May 1994.
The OAU aims to promote the unity and solidarity of African States; co–ordinate and intensify their
co–operation and efforts to achieve a better life for the peoples of Africa; defend their sovereignty,
territorial integrity and independence; eradicate all forms of colonialism from Africa; promote
international co–operation, giving due regard to the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights; and co–ordinate and harmonise ... Show more content on
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Poverty in Africa still remains a huge challenge. The 2009 – 2012 Strategic Plan has not been
implemented with consistency and accountability. This has emanated from weak integration of the
African Union Commission and RECs as well as poor monitoring and evaluation systems. All these
problems are coming from faulty governance. So it will be difficult to meet the Millennium
Development Goals. Climate change again needs to be addressed and be adapted to as it deteriorates
standards of living. At the 19th Summit, the now ousted President Mohamed Morsi of Egypt
remarked that trade and investment cooperation will see Africa

Advantages And Disadvantages Of European Union
Economic and Monetary Union
The European Union started in the year 1957; it is an international and inter–governmental
organization which represents a major step towards the integration of the economies under the
European Union. Where states come together based on common cause to increase the economic and
political ability. European Union has been changing rapidly in the globalized world with 30 trillion
Euros. The EU now represents the largest economy in the world. In 2012, European Union was
awarded the Nobel Peace prize for its contribution for over 6 decades in the area of peace,
advancing democracy, and unionizing Europe.
In 1979, European Monetary System (EMS) was launched with 8 member states. The main goals of
EMS was to prepare members ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On 25th May 1998, the 11 participating member states appointed the President, the Vice–President
and the four members of the Executive Board of the European central bank. The European Central
Bank was formed as the result of these appointments that came into force on 1 June 1998. Euro–
system now consists of the European Central Banks and national central banks of the participating
member states. The Euro–system was responsible for formulating and defining the single monetary
policy, which was to take place in third stage. European Central Bank in the rest of 1998 took charge
of finally testing the systems and

A Study On Corporate Governance
Corporate governance: An Insight to Product Market Innovation in Competition RESEARCH
SYNOPSIS SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE
REQUIREMENT OF IX SEMESTER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
____________________________ SUBMITTED BY: REGISTRATION NO. – 10A069
SEMESTER – IX SUBMITTED TO: Ms. GARIMA GOSWAMI FACULTY IN CHARGE,
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, GANDHINAGAR
2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is indeed a great pleasure for me to undertake this dissertation on
"Corporate Governance: An insight to the product market innovation in competition" It has been a
great learning process for me and I have learnt number of useful thing during my research. I would
like to take this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Corporate Governance refers to the way a corporation is governed. It is the technique by which
companies are directed and managed. It is all about balancing individual and societal goals, as well
as, economic goals. It includes both social and institutional aspects. Corporate Governance
encourages a trustworthy, moral, as well as ethical environment. Corporate Governance has
competing definitions, but in Margaret Blair's estimation encompasses the "the whole set of legal,
cultural and institutional arrangements that determine what publicly traded corporations can do who
controls them, how that control is exercised, and how the risks and returns from the activities they
undertake are allocated". As per N.R Narayana Murthy, Chairman, Committee on Corporate
Governance, SEBI, Mumbai, February 8, 2003 "Corporate Governance is the acceptance by
management of the inalienable rights of shareholders as the true owners of the corporation and of
their own role as trustees on behalf of the shareholders. It is about commitment to values, about
ethical business conduct and about making a distinction between personal and corporate funds in the
management of the company". The relationship between Competition and Corporate Governance is
to explore how Governance structure of an organisation must incorporate the policy of Competition
and to identify the possible concerns

Space Science and Technogy: Unmanned Space Exploration
Space science and technology and their applications, such as satellite communications, Earth
observation systems and satellite navigation technologies, provide indispensable tools for achieving
viable long–term solutions for sustainable development and can contribute more effectively to the
efforts to promote the developments in the world, improve people's lives, conserve natural resources
and enhance the preparedness for and mitigation of natural disaster(and consequences). Efforts are,
therefore, being made to prevent or mitigate threats to space security, since the protection of the
space environment is crucial for these applications.
The following represents the most vigorously debated issues regarding long–term sustainability of
outer space in relation to the UNCOPUOS.
Space Environment
Satellites are operated to serve for science and technology development, manned and unmanned
space exploration, and security and military use. During the Cold War, around 120 satellites were
launched every year. The number of launches is increasing again in the recent years, and during
2011, 80 space vehicles reached the Earth orbit or beyond, which is the highest number since the
year 2000.
Currently, there are around 1,000 operational satellites orbiting the Earth. Since the first satellite,
Sputnik, was launched in 1957, more than 6,000 satellites have been launched. Half of these have
already been consumed, but more than 2,000 are still orbiting uselessly. The sources of debris

Dealing with Confidentiality
Running Head: DEALING WITH CONFIDENTIALITY
Bioethics
Name of Student
School
Ethical Implications Despite the lack of a consistent understanding of the meaning of privacy, the
Privacy Rule remains a time–honored and a universally accepted norm in the handling of personal
health information (Nass et al, 2009). Privacy involves the collection, storage and use of a patient's
personal information and determines who has access to the information and the conditions to that
access. It guarantees confidentiality and security. The assurance of confidentiality prevents the
physician or another health care professional who receives the information from revealing it in the
course of their intimate relationship. The unauthorized or negligent disclosure can constitute a
breach of that guarantee of confidentiality. And the assurance of security means that the patient's
records will be kept safe from unauthorized use. Hacking into the computer system violates security
and confidentiality (Nass et al). The privacy, confidentiality and security of health information are
protected as basic human rights, which must be duly respected (Nass et al, 2009). Moreover, the
high esteem given it enables or promotes other values, such as ideals of personhood. These include
personal autonomy, individuality, respect, and the dignity and worth of human beings. Breaches
injure the patient's dignity and cause him all kinds of harm. Unauthorized disclosures can lead
patients to lose trust in the

Application Of Effective Governance Model

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