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GSM Based Monitoring and Controlling of Micro-Grid
- 2. Final Year Project Presentation GSM Based Automated Embedded System For Monitoring and Controlling of Micro-Grid UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE
- 3. PRESENTED BY ABDULLAH ANJUM MUHAMMAD AWAIS KAMRAN MEER ZAMAN KHAN University of Management and Technology, Lahore Presented to FINAL YEAR PROJECT COMMITTEE DEPARTMENT of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Project Advisor Ms. Asfa Javed
- 4. PRESENTATION Introduction Methodology Project Objectives Project Overview Block Diagram Circuit Diagram Features Of Project Measurements and Results Applications Conclusion
- 5. Introduction There are many occurrences when the people of Pakistan face the voltage fluctuations, tripping and overloading incidents. Due to all these faulty occurrences, two different ends of the society; that are domestic and industrial ends may be at harm’s place which in the end is a stressful condition for both . As a result, both ends complain about that their appliances and equipment's are not working properly and sometimes face an irreparable damage.
- 6. Continue… In Pakistan, the crisis of the credibility of the electrical systems causes a detriment to the both ends which cannot be taken into account. This can be eradicated by a simple solution of proper and thorough monitoring and controlling of the electrical systems. Both ends can be eased upon the problems faced due to the faulty conditions in the electrical system.
- 7. Continue… The main motive behind this project is to represent a demo to attain the secluded frame -work parameters of a micro-grid solely based on voltage, current, temperature, frequency and load. These parameters will then be transmitted, over GSM (Global System for Mobile) network using GSM module to the required user under which the micro-grid/industry is functioning. This project also serves the purpose of fortifying the electrical circuitry from any adversity or mishap.
- 8. Methodology GSM based monitoring and controlling system is basically the interfacing between substation and GSM Module which immediately sends a message If any fault occurs in a substation system. When we talk about faults in substation system we are actually discussing the common faults occurs in substation systems, which are the conditions like under voltage and over voltage in system etc.
- 9. Continue… Overvoltage, under voltage, excess of current and high temperature; these are the basic and technical faults which may occur in any substation/industry. Our aim is to monitor these faults in substation/industry via GSM, so that the person who is authorized is well informed, monetarily tripping the system until the fault is eradicated.
- 10. Project Objectives The objectives are as follows: Remote sensing To maintain the continuity of power supply Real time monitoring
- 11. Continue… Remote sensing In simple terms, remote sensing is the process of acquiring data or information about an object without any physical contact. To maintain the continuity of power supply Demanding the continuity of power being delivered at the user side has raised the alarm due to the increase in demand of electricity in the customer side. Real time monitoring The purpose of this project is to acquire the remote electrical parameters like voltage, current and frequency.
- 12. Project Overview The parameters will be defined in the System, that after how many voltages our system will be under voltage or Over voltage. For example the parameter defined for under and overvoltage is 180V to 260V . The system will work fine within this range of voltage.
- 13. Continue… Similar phenomena will be applied to monitor the Current, i.e. 0.80A the system will again break using relays and message will be immediately send through GSM module that current limit has been exceeded. The procedure to monitor the temperature will also be same, the parameters will already be defined.
- 14. Block Diagram
- 16. Features of Project Following are the features of our Project: - Voltage measuring circuit (PT circuit) Current measuring circuit (CT circuit) Temperature measuring circuit Relay Circuit
- 17. Voltage measuring circuit (PT circuit) Voltage is step downed at the low voltage side of the potential transformer, which is then utilized at the burden resistor (10K). Appropriate value of voltage is provided to the 10K resistor. Arduino accepts this voltage as contribution from pin A0 in type of simple BCD between 0 to 1023. 0 is 0V and 1023 is 5V. Using a scaling formula, Arduino then converts the BCD value into the exact AC voltage at the high voltage end provided by the mains.
- 18. Current measuring circuit (CT circuit) The current transformer is connected in series with load so the current can be measured because the current is measured in series circuit. The scaling has another important purpose in our whole project, we have also done scaling in Potential transformer circuit. The scaling is basically done because it’s the requirement of our Microprocessor Arduino Mega. That the voltage signal which will be send to it should be less than or equal to 5V DC.
- 19. Temperature measuring and Relay circuit Just like a mechanical switch relay is an electrical switch, we made it automatic switch through the pulse according to our program or coding. The relay we used in the circuit is a five pin relay, it has two coil points which is called SPDT (single pole double throw). A limit is defined at the interfacing end for the temperature sensor when the sensor reaches the limit it will start sending an alarming message to the user and it will keep sending the messages. Until the temperature does not come back to the normal conditions. This will be the syntax of the message.
- 20. Measurements And Results System Initialize
- 21. Continue…
- 24. Applications Basic hardware for theft monitoring in a system. Basic hardware for fault detection in a system. Basic hardware for energy meter. On the basis of its methodology, it can be used in Monitoring and controlling the parameters in the industries. All the faulty analysis can also be recorded for trouble shooting in the future. It can be used in the cascaded system, where one failure can be dangerous for the whole system.
- 25. Future Aspects We can use GPRS/GPS technology to send these parameters across any part of the world. IOT module can also be used with this for its enhancement.
- 26. Conclusion It can be concluded that our final year project consists of three parts voltage measuring, current measuring and temperature measuring. We are basically controlling and monitoring our micro gird, if our system experiences a faulty condition it will send us a message via GSM module. As per explained above the GSM is used because of its wide range and global popularity.
- 27. Continue… It all has been achieved through hours of work and research. Operating GSM was also a tricky part, we have explained all the hurdles we’ve been through in the report. Concluding our Project, it will monitor and control Voltage, Current and Temperature, will send message to the user under Fault. After trying various techniques and failures, we were successful in running all the modules.
- 29. References Sachan, Amit. "GSM Based Automated Embedded System for Monitoring and Controlling of Smart Grid." International Journal of Electrical Robotics, Electronics and Communications Engineering 7.12 (2013): 1273-1277. Natalie Matta, Rana Rahim-Amoud, Leila MerghemBoulahia, Akil Jrad, “A wireless sensor network for substation monitoring and control in the smart grid” (IEEE) M. Kezunovic, Y. Guan, M.Ghavami, “New concept and solution for monitoring and control system for the 21 st century substation” (IEEE) G. Pudlo, S. Tenbohlen, M. Linders and G. Krost, "Integration of Power Transformer Monitoring and Overload Calculation into the Power System Control Surface", IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, Vol. 1, pp: 470-474 Asia Pacific, 2002. Jyotishman Pathak, Yuan Li, Vasant Honavar and James D. McCalley, "A Service-Oriented Architecture for Electric Power Transmission System Asset Management", In ICSOC Workshops, pp: 26-37, 2006. B. A. Carreras, V. E. Lynch, D. E. Newman and I. Dobson, "Blackout Mitigation Assessment in Power Transmission Systems", Hawaii International Conference on System Science, January 2003.
- 30. Continue… Zhi-Hua Zhou, Yuan Jiang, Xu-Ri Yin, and Shi-Fu Chen, "The Application of Visualization and Neural Network Techniques in a Power Transformer Condition Monitoring System", In: T. Hendtlass and M. Ali eds. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 2358, Berlin: Springer- Verlag, pp: 325-334, 2002 Daponte, M. Di Penta and G.Mercurio, "TRANSIENTMETER: A Distributed Measurement System for Power Quality Monitoring", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 19, Issue. 2, pp: 456-463, 2004 https://www.arduinolibraries.info/ https://components101.com/wireless/sim900a-gsm-module https://www.instructables.com/id/GSM-SIM900A-With-Arduino/ https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/products/sensors/DS18B20.html
- 31. Appendix Arduino code #include <OneWire.h> #include <DallasTemperature.h> #include <LiquidCrystal.h> LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 7, 6, 5, 4); const int analogInPin_1 = A0; const int analogInPin_2 = A1; long volts_value = 0; long amps_value = 0; long power_value = 0; int digit3_v,digit2_v,digit1_v; int digit3_a,digit2_a,digit1_a; int digit5_w,digit4_w,digit3_w,digit2_w,digit1_w; const int numRows = 4; const int numCols = 20; const int led = 13;
- 32. Continue… unsigned long previousMillis = 0; const long interval = 1000; unsigned long time_millis = 0; unsigned long freq_1=0,freq_2=0; #define ONE_WIRE_BUS 9 OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS); DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire); DeviceAddress insideThermometer; float tempC=0; boolean flag_ov=0 , flag_uv=0 , flag_w=0 , flag_ot = 0;; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); Serial1.begin(9600); lcd.begin(numCols, numRows); pinMode(led, OUTPUT); pinMode(relay, OUTPUT); pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
- 33. Continue… attachInterrupt(0, rpm_fun, FALLING); digitalWrite(relay, LOW); digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); send_msg(); digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print(" ' GSM Based ' "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("' Automated System '"); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); lcd.print(" 'For Monitoring &' "); lcd.setCursor(0, 3); lcd.print("Controlling Consumer"); delay(2000);
- 34. Continue… lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print(" "); lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(" "); lcd.setCursor(0, 2); lcd.print(" "); lcd.setCursor(0, 3); lcd.print(" "); Serial.println("Dallas Temperature IC Control Library Demo"); Serial.print("Locating devices..."); sensors.begin(); Serial.print("Found ");
- 35. Continue… Serial.print(sensors.getDeviceCount(), DEC); Serial.println(" devices."); Serial.print("Parasite power is: "); if (sensors.isParasitePowerMode()) Serial.println("ON"); else Serial.println("OFF"); if (!sensors.getAddress(insideThermometer, 0)) Serial.println("Unable to find address for Device 0"); Serial.print("Device 0 Address: "); printAddress(insideThermometer); Serial.println(); sensors.setResolution(insideThermometer, 9); Serial.print("Device 0 Resolution: "); Serial.print(sensors.getResolution(insideThermometer), DEC); Serial.println();
- 36. Continue… sensors.setResolution(insideThermometer, 9); Serial.print("Device 0 Resolution: "); Serial.print(sensors.getResolution(insideThermometer), DEC); Serial.println(); flag_ov = 0; flag_uv = 0; flag_w = 0; flag_ot = 0; }
- 37. Continue… void printTemperature(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) { tempC = sensors.getTempC(deviceAddress); if(tempC == DEVICE_DISCONNECTED_C) { Serial.println("Error: Could not read temperature data"); return; } Serial.print("Temp C: "); Serial.print(tempC); Serial.print(" Temp F: "); Serial.println(DallasTemperature::toFahrenheit(tempC)); }
- 38. Continue… void loop() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) { previousMillis = currentMillis; time_millis++; freq_2 = freq_1; freq_1 = 0; lcd.setCursor(0, 3); lcd.print("Freq="); lcd.print(freq_2); lcd.print("Hz ");
- 39. Continue… } { if(time_millis >= 30){ time_millis = 0; Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT+CMGF=1"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT+CMGS="03025317090""); delay(1000); Serial1.print("Ac Volts= "); Serial1.print(digit3_v);
- 40. Continue… Serial1.print(digit2_v); Serial1.print(digit1_v); Serial1.println("V"); Serial1.print("Ac Current= "); Serial1.print(digit3_a); Serial1.print("."); Serial1.print(digit2_a); Serial1.print(digit1_a); Serial1.println("A"); Serial1.print("Power= "); Serial1.print(digit5_w); Serial1.print(digit4_w);
- 42. Continue… delay(1000); } volts_value = analogRead(analogInPin_1); volts_value = (volts_value*500)/1023; digit3_v = volts_value/100; //bcd digit2_v = (volts_value/10) % 10; digit1_v = (volts_value/1) % 10; lcd.setCursor(0, 0); lcd.print("AC Volts= "); lcd.print(digit3_v); lcd.print(digit2_v); lcd.print(digit1_v); lcd.print("V "); delay(20);
- 43. Continue… amps_value = analogRead(analogInPin_2); amps_value = (amps_value*500)/1023; if(amps_value > 70){ amps_value -=10; } digit3_a = amps_value/100; digit2_a = (amps_value/10) % 10; digit1_a = (amps_value/1) % 10; lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("AC Current= "); lcd.print(digit3_a); lcd.print("."); lcd.print(digit2_a);
- 44. Continue… lcd.print(digit1_a); lcd.print("A "); delay(20); power_value = volts_value*amps_value; digit5_w = power_value/10000; digit4_w = (power_value/1000) % 10; digit3_w = (power_value/100) % 10; digit2_w = (power_value/10) % 10; digit1_w = (power_value/1) % 10; lcd.setCursor(0, 2);
- 45. Continue… lcd.print("Power= "); lcd.print(digit5_w); lcd.print(digit4_w); lcd.print(digit3_w); lcd.print("."); lcd.print(digit2_w); lcd.print(digit1_w); lcd.print("W "); delay(20); Serial.print("Requesting temperatures..."); sensors.requestTemperatures(); Serial.println("DONE");
- 46. Continue… printTemperature(insideThermometer); lcd.setCursor(10, 3); lcd.print("Temp="); lcd.print(tempC,1); lcd.print("C"); if(volts_value >= 10 && volts_value <= 179){ digitalWrite(relay, LOW); if(flag_uv == 1){ flag_uv = 0; digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT");
- 47. Continue… delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT+CMGF=1"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT+CMGS="03025317090""); delay(1000); Serial1.print("!Warning under Volts ......"); delay(1000); Serial1.println((char)26); delay(1000); digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
- 48. Continue… } { } else if(volts_value >= 180 && volts_value <= 260){ if(amps_value >= 80){ digitalWrite(relay, LOW); if(flag_w == 1){ flag_w = 0; digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000);
- 50. Continue… digitalWrite(relay, HIGH); flag_uv = 1; flag_ov = 1; flag_w = 1; flag_ot = 1; } } else if(volts_value >= 261 && volts_value <= 300){ digitalWrite(relay, LOW); if(flag_ov == 1){ flag_ov = 0; digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
- 52. Continue… Serial1.println((char)26); delay(1000); digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW); } { } else if(tempC >= 50.0){ digitalWrite(relay, LOW); if(flag_ot == 1){ flag_ot = 0; digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000); Serial1.println("AT"); delay(1000);
- 54. Continue… digitalWrite(relay, HIGH); flag_uv = 1; flag_ov = 1; flag_w = 1; flag_ot = 1; } } void printAddress(DeviceAddress deviceAddress) { for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) { if (deviceAddress[i] < 16) Serial.print("0");