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M-Learning in Sub Saharan Africa Context- What is it about?
This document discusses the potential for mobile learning in Sub-Saharan Africa. It notes that while education faces many challenges in SSA, including lack of resources and trained teachers, mobile phones provide an opportunity as they are widespread. Mobile learning could help improve education quality by facilitating learning outside the classroom and helping to overcome barriers like distance. However, realizing this potential will require addressing issues such as lack of awareness, costs, limited educational content and apps, and need for pedagogical guidance on mobile learning. Examples of existing mobile learning projects in SSA countries are provided.
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M-Learning in Sub Saharan Africa Context- What is it about?
- 1. M-‐Learning in Sub Saharan Africa Context What is it about? M. Ebner & M. Grimus University of Technology, Graz, Austria Victoria, June 2013
- 2. Sub Sahara Afrika (SSA) Background Current SituaIon • EducaIon • Infrastructure • Policies Aims General Issues specific for SSA Improving Quality of EducaIon ? Mobile Learning • Learning with Mobiles • Projects • Teacher EducaIon • Resources • Challenges/ Benefits
- 3. Facts -‐ Sub Sahara Afrika • Population 950 Millions expected to double till 2050 hVp://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY). • 50 % younger than 15 years • 32 % between age 10 - 14 • Only 36% capacity to enroll in Secondary Education Reference hVp://www.gallup.com/poll/155369/poverty-‐ drops-‐secondary-‐educaIon-‐sub-‐saharan-‐africa.aspx • 37 % Illiterate (> 15 years) • Language: ~ 2.000 languages/dialects in Africa. English = official language for 470 mill. ( ~ 36 % of the population speaks the official langauge) Numbers on SSA average, range differs in the 46 countries Reference: http://www.weltbevoelkerung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/PDF/ Datenreport/Datenreport_2012.pdf M. Grimus, Vienna, Austria 43% of kids out of school in the world live in SSA http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY) 40 % Illiterates acer 5 years of school
- 4. EducaIon-‐ Challenges • Fast increasing numbers of students • Large class sizes • Un-‐trained or under-‐trained teachers • Shortage of adequate material (textbooks, libraries…) • Limited repertoire of pedagogies • Widespread adult literacy M. Grimus, Vienna, Austria
- 5. In School • Limited books • Low reading skills • Scarce electricity in schools • Scarce access to computers /Internet Out of School • „mobile-‐rich“ • Read and write on mobile Literacy 13,1 7,9 3 2,6 3,6 3,2 2,1 2 2,1 1,9 1,5 1,3 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Reading Mathe RaIo of textbooks in primary schools: pupils per book
- 6. • Infrastrucure in Schools • Teachers readyness: digital literacy and pedagogy • Costs (Internet, airIme) • Poverty and disease • Low compleIon rates • Adult Illiteracy – late learners (age, gender) • HIV ( age 15-‐49, average SSA 2009: male 3,6%, female 5,6% ), influences teaching capacity Resources Challenges
- 7. • Facilitate learning in remote areas • Youth is becoming demanding (learning) • Mobiles – more affordable than PCs • Internet access nearly mobile only • Age (adults, overaged students) • Informal learning • Overcome Gender inequaliIes (girls) • Shic from classroom centered learning to informal learning • Cost effecIve tablets, e-‐ reader, feature phones to deliver mainly texbased content. • Content – naIonal demands (ethic, culture, needs) Benefits -‐ Mobile Learning in SSA
- 8. ICT Policies and 21st Century Skills Teaching and Learning Impact of General Issues Infrastructur Mobile Networks, Internet
- 9. Mobile Learning -‐ a Chance for Formal and Informal Learning Barriers • Lack of awarness of decisionmakers • Costs (device, airRme) • Lack of Content (m -‐ Learning) • Limited pedagogy for m-‐ learning • Need for guidelines für „Good PracRce“ • Privacy Issues • Power supply • Internet -‐ free WiFi in schools and communiRes Drivers • Youth is knowledgable with mobiles and social networks (Facebook) • Young teachers • Demand of new teachers (needs of 350.000 new teachers / year) • Teacher educaRon – new strategies • Decreasing costs for device and airRme • Informal learning (adult learners) • CooperaRon in Learning -‐ Peer Groups (teacher educaRon) • UNESCO guidelines for Mobile Learning Policies Projects in SSA
- 10. • Textbased applicaIons (costs, feature phones) • InteracIvity • Increases literacy local demands: topics, language • Health educaRon HIV prevenIon -‐ apps, games hVp://www.freedomhivaids.in/ in Kiswahili and Shen. HIV Cricket www.FreedomHivAids.in/HIVCricket.wml Mobile phones are the e-‐Reader of Africa
- 11. Projects in SSA • iRead: Worlreader–Project, e-‐Books on Kindle and on mobile phones. Reading increased 50 %, : 500.000 reader since dec. 2012 in Ghana, Nigeria, Uganda, Kenya…… • m4Lit mobiles for Literacy Yoza Cell Phone Stories ShuVleworth FoundaIon South Africa (beVer infrastructure ) Youth: 90% own a mobile phone Write and read their stories, in Englisch, Afrikaans and isi Xhosa • MulRlingual Maths in South Africa grade 11 and 12 material for maths on mobile phones in English and Setswana (switch) • ABC -‐ Literacy for adult Illiterated Niger , in local languages -‐ Dosso, Zinder, Hausa, Zarma, Kanuri. • South African Literacy Improvement iniRaRve, 500.000 Users, 50 stories Source: Steve Volso 2010 de.slideshare.net/uocunescochair/m4-‐lit-‐ unescobarcelonaoct2010sprinkling hVp://www.worldreader.org/uploads/Worldreader%20VacaIon%20School %20Report%20Oct-‐2011.pdf „The stories r interesIng nf fun 2 read, they kip ma englsh gng“ Hlegiwe gulube „Wow wat a story i like it shame it realy uplics da spirits of those livng with HIV it shows tht being hiv+ is no death sentence wow am so touched as im also living with hiv „ …. Yonela“
- 12. 21st Century Skills -‐ Curricula
- 13. Digital literacy & pedagogy New Teachers qualificaRon 21st Century Skills + 350.000 p/year Nigeria, Kano 2010 Life Skills Teacher EducaIon
- 14. Resources • OER Open EducaIonal Resources CK-‐12 webbases collaboraIve ‘flex-‐books‘ , hVp:// www.ck12.org/) • E-‐books (formats) • CreaIve Commons • MOOCS • Open Courseware: MIT (Masschusets InsItute of Technology) hVp://ocw.mit.edu Khan Academy ,hVp://www.khanacademy.org/
- 15. Discussion • Policies • Devices ? • Costs (device, access to mobile content) • Informal Learning – Teachers readiness ????? • TradiIons, Language, Ethics in SSA • Open EducaIonal Resources • Open Source
- 16. Conclusions WiFi in schools and communiRes Content for mobiles Digital literacy Policies & Infrastructure Teacher EducaRon Curricula
- 17. Information Technology Services GrazUniversity of Technology Martin Ebner martin.ebner@tugraz.at http://elearningblog.tugraz.at http://elearning.tugraz.at Dept. Social Learning
- 18. Learning formal / informal CompleRon? • Enrollment (age) • DuraRon (years?) • Gender • QualificaRon -‐ Teachers Life Skills • Youth: -‐ demanding befer skills • HIV / AIDS • Mothers 18