Which are more closely related, Epicrates and Iguanas or Epicrates and Vipera (adder)? Group of answer choices Epicrates and Iguanas Epicrates and Vipera They are equally related They are not related Flag question: Question 2 Question 21 pts Approximately how many years ago did the Vipera and the rattlesnake (timber, diamondback) lineages diverge? Group of answer choices ~40 million years ago ~25 million years ago ~100 million years ago ~50 million years ago Flag question: Question 3 Question 31 pts In this phylogenetic tree, are lizards (Lacertilia) a monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic group? Group of answer choices Monophyletic Polyphyletic Paraphyletic Homoplastic Flag question: Question 4 Question 41 pts Compare the figure below to the original phylogeny above. Does the figure below show the same or different relationships among these 3 taxa compared to the figure above? Group of answer choices Same Different Flag question: Question 5 Question 51 pts Match the Node to the statement that best supports the relationship it represents. Group of answer choices The node that represents the most recent common ancestor of Naja and Colubridae [ Choose ] Node D Node A Node G Node F Node H Node B Node C Node E The node that represents the most recent common ancestor of all venomous snakes [ Choose ] Node D Node A Node G Node F Node H Node B Node C Node E The node that represents the most recent common ancestor of all rattlesnakes [ Choose ] Node D Node A Node G Node F Node H Node B Node C Node E 6.Both the Gaboon Caecilian ( Geotrypetes seraphini ; an amphibian not shown here) and the coral snake are legless. Is this an example of homology or homoplasy? Group of answer choices Homology Homoplasy Neither 7) The geckos are the only taxon on this phylogeny with the following trait: Absence of the lacrimal - the anterior-most bone in the medial wall of the orbit . Based on this information, is the absence of the lacrimal in geckos an apomorphy or synapomorphy? Group of answer choices Apomorphy Synapomorphy Neither Both 8) Part 2: Build a Tree before completing Part 2. The Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) is one of the few phylogenetic methods that can be done by hand. It is a distance method that builds a tree based on connecting the most similar pair of taxa. In this exercise, we will use sequence data for primates to build a tree. Bonobo A T C G T G G T A C T G Chimpanzee A A C G T G G T A C T G Gorilla A A G C A G C T A C T C Human A A G A T G G T A C T G Lemur C G A T A C G C T G T A Orangutan T T G C A C C A T C T C Using these sequences, build a UPGMA tree. Remember to build the tree as you go, always go with the lowest genetic distances (aka fewest differences in substitutions), and use the average distance to find genetic distance between a common ancestor of 2+ species and another species. Flag question: Question 8 Question 82 pts Before you build the tree: Based on you prior knowledge of these primates, what c.

1. Which are more closely related, Epicrates and Iguanas or Epicrates and Vipera (adder)?
Group of answer choices
Epicrates and Iguanas
Epicrates and Vipera
They are equally related
They are not related
Flag question: Question 2
Question 21 pts
Approximately how many years ago did the Vipera and the rattlesnake (timber, diamondback)
lineages diverge?
Group of answer choices
~40 million years ago
~25 million years ago
~100 million years ago
~50 million years ago
Flag question: Question 3
Question 31 pts
In this phylogenetic tree, are lizards (Lacertilia) a monophyletic, polyphyletic, or paraphyletic
group?
Group of answer choices
Monophyletic
Polyphyletic
Paraphyletic
Homoplastic

2. Flag question: Question 4
Question 41 pts
Compare the figure below to the original phylogeny above. Does the figure below show the same
or different relationships among these 3 taxa compared to the figure above?
Group of answer choices
Same
Different
Flag question: Question 5
Question 51 pts
Match the Node to the statement that best supports the relationship it represents.
Group of answer choices
The node that represents the most recent common ancestor of Naja and Colubridae
[ Choose ] Node D Node A Node G Node F Node H Node B Node C Node E
The node that represents the most recent common ancestor of all venomous snakes
[ Choose ] Node D Node A Node G Node F Node H Node B Node C Node E
The node that represents the most recent common ancestor of all rattlesnakes
[ Choose ] Node D Node A Node G Node F Node H Node B Node C Node E
6.Both the Gaboon Caecilian ( Geotrypetes seraphini ; an amphibian not shown here) and the
coral snake are legless. Is this an example of homology or homoplasy?
Group of answer choices
Homology
Homoplasy
Neither
7)

3. The geckos are the only taxon on this phylogeny with the following trait: Absence of the lacrimal
- the anterior-most bone in the medial wall of the orbit . Based on this information, is the
absence of the lacrimal in geckos an apomorphy or synapomorphy?
Group of answer choices
Apomorphy
Synapomorphy
Neither
Both
8)
Part 2: Build a Tree
before completing Part 2.
The Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) is one of the few
phylogenetic methods that can be done by hand. It is a distance method that builds a tree based
on connecting the most similar pair of taxa. In this exercise, we will use sequence data for
primates to build a tree.
Bonobo
A T C G T G G T A C T G
Chimpanzee
A A C G T G G T A C T G
Gorilla
A A G C A G C T A C T C
Human
A A G A T G G T A C T G
Lemur
C G A T A C G C T G T A
Orangutan

4. T T G C A C C A T C T C
Using these sequences, build a UPGMA tree. Remember to build the tree as you go, always go
with the lowest genetic distances (aka fewest differences in substitutions), and use the average
distance to find genetic distance between a common ancestor of 2+ species and another species.
Flag question: Question 8
Question 82 pts
Before you build the tree:
Based on you prior knowledge of these primates, what can you predict about the possible tree
structure? Which species will have branches closest to humans? Which species will have
branches furthest away from humans? Explain your answer.
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Flag question: Question 9
Question 96 pts
Build your tree and upload an image or Word doc of it here. (6 points: 4 points for showing table
work and 2 points for correct tree)
Upload
Choose a File
Flag question: Spacer
Use your tree to answer the following questions:
Flag question: Question 10
Question 102 pts
Did the UPGMA tree match your predictions from Question 8? Explain why or why not.
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12pt

5. Paragraph
Both
10.Morphological traits can be mapped onto a tree to add more information. Some of these
species are very adept at climbing and traveling from one tree to another (arboreal locomotion).
What would the tree look like if you added the trait of arboreal locomotion? Would using the
presence or absence of arboreal locomotion in each taxon to determine relatedness support or
reject the current shape of the tree? Why or why not?
11.
Your UPGMA tree was generated using a short DNA sequence. Should scientists infer
evolutionary relationships based on data from a single gene? What could you do to increase your
confidence in your dataset?
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12pt
Paragraph
please help
thank you
Bonobo A T C G T G G T A C T G
Chimpanzee A A C G T G G T A C T G
Gorilla A A G C A G C T A C T C
Human A A G A T G G T A C T G
Lemur C G A T A C G C T G T A
Orangutan T T G C A C C A T C T C
Part 1: Interpreting Phylogenetic Trees Compare the figure below to the original phylogeny
above. Does the figure below show the same or different relationships among these 3 taxa
compared to the figure above? Same Different