SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 29
Download to read offline
Santeri Koivisto @Aalvisto
‘IRL me’!
!
Is the future thatta way?
In its the current form, what future trends can the
education system really tackle outside the basic
communication skills and common knowledge it
teaches?
For example:
- micro global organisations
- constant need for rethinking your business / work / ways
- data as the source of power and wealth
- sustainability and new business rising from scarcity
- local manufacturing including 3d printable products
- living in a mega city
- what else!?
“Every two years our company needs to
come up with something really new to
stay in the edtech development pace.”
Us as an example
And I have trouble developing the skills on the run.
“There are about twelve people in our
network from four different countries.”
What’s the right balance between the
what we teach and how we teach?
Can games make a difference?
HOCUS POCUS!!
I think they can.
!
Games can create an
environment where
these skills very
naturally develop
alongside with the
subject matter we are
teaching, and while
allowing more freedom.
Concrete Apple Representation of Apple
Abstract
1. me
(Gravity Hook - http://adamatomic.com/gravity/ )
Scripting
3 + 5 = _
In basket you have three apples, if you have
two apples in your pocket, how many apples
you have in total?
A block in the game is one
cubic meter. There are one
meter long sticks in the
classroom.
!
Create our classroom in the
game and report it’s volume.
!
(note to self: then shut up)
A Game (Minecraft) Example
Newton said: ‘F = ma.’ Prove it.
Your virtual laboratory is open.
!
We know the result, but
everything else needs to be
determined by the students.
Let’s go even further
“Can’t we do this without games?”
Absolutely, but they may help you.
2. group (+teacher)
The students know they are learning
Bigger community (3.)
Crafting the Digital Citizen
An experimental and visual game might just be a more
natural way of communicating and sharing ideas for a
nine year old than sitting in a board table.
@Aalvisto
@Aalvisto
santeri@teachergaming.com

More Related Content

Similar to Making The Classroom More Democratic

Avatars & The Young Conference
Avatars & The Young ConferenceAvatars & The Young Conference
Avatars & The Young Conferencelaicheng
 
Story-Game Design for Learning
Story-Game Design for LearningStory-Game Design for Learning
Story-Game Design for LearningNelson Zagalo
 
Using Digital Gaming within the classroom
Using Digital Gaming within the classroomUsing Digital Gaming within the classroom
Using Digital Gaming within the classroomLaurenStone44
 
Beyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for education
Beyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for educationBeyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for education
Beyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for educationSteve Vosloo
 
Camp creation 8nov12 ppt
Camp creation 8nov12 pptCamp creation 8nov12 ppt
Camp creation 8nov12 pptkayreentat
 
Vision of the Future
Vision of the FutureVision of the Future
Vision of the Futuresnapenney
 
C:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the Classroom
C:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the ClassroomC:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the Classroom
C:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the ClassroomKatherine Mersai
 
Lucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de Trabajo
Lucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de TrabajoLucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de Trabajo
Lucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de TrabajoLucio Margulis
 
English Computer Games
English Computer GamesEnglish Computer Games
English Computer GamesChristyBusch
 
ICT-enabled learning in a participatory culture
ICT-enabled learning in a participatory cultureICT-enabled learning in a participatory culture
ICT-enabled learning in a participatory cultureSteve Vosloo
 
Serious games and learning in SA
Serious games and learning in SASerious games and learning in SA
Serious games and learning in SASteve Vosloo
 
Why Games? The 2007 Edition
Why Games? The 2007 EditionWhy Games? The 2007 Edition
Why Games? The 2007 EditionKatrin Becker
 
FERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADS
FERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADSFERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADS
FERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADSwww.patkane.global
 
Squeakfest2013 oct28 final for ss
Squeakfest2013 oct28 final for ssSqueakfest2013 oct28 final for ss
Squeakfest2013 oct28 final for ssCathleen Galas
 
Games Cl
Games ClGames Cl
Games Clgdyer
 
Gaming In Education2
Gaming In Education2Gaming In Education2
Gaming In Education2Jeff Piontek
 

Similar to Making The Classroom More Democratic (20)

Avatars & The Young Conference
Avatars & The Young ConferenceAvatars & The Young Conference
Avatars & The Young Conference
 
Gaming In Education
Gaming In EducationGaming In Education
Gaming In Education
 
Story-Game Design for Learning
Story-Game Design for LearningStory-Game Design for Learning
Story-Game Design for Learning
 
Using Digital Gaming within the classroom
Using Digital Gaming within the classroomUsing Digital Gaming within the classroom
Using Digital Gaming within the classroom
 
Beyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for education
Beyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for educationBeyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for education
Beyond the computer lab: Rethinking ICT for education
 
Camp creation 8nov12 ppt
Camp creation 8nov12 pptCamp creation 8nov12 ppt
Camp creation 8nov12 ppt
 
Vision of the Future
Vision of the FutureVision of the Future
Vision of the Future
 
C:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the Classroom
C:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the ClassroomC:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the Classroom
C:\Computer Simulation and Gaming in the Classroom
 
Lucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de Trabajo
Lucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de TrabajoLucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de Trabajo
Lucio Margulis Juego de la Prevención de Riesgos de Trabajo
 
English Computer Games
English Computer GamesEnglish Computer Games
English Computer Games
 
ICT-enabled learning in a participatory culture
ICT-enabled learning in a participatory cultureICT-enabled learning in a participatory culture
ICT-enabled learning in a participatory culture
 
Serious games and learning in SA
Serious games and learning in SASerious games and learning in SA
Serious games and learning in SA
 
Why Games? The 2007 Edition
Why Games? The 2007 EditionWhy Games? The 2007 Edition
Why Games? The 2007 Edition
 
FERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADS
FERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADSFERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADS
FERTILE AMBIVALENCE: SCOTTISH EDUCATION AND ICT AT THE CROSSROADS
 
Squeakfest2013 oct28 final for ss
Squeakfest2013 oct28 final for ssSqueakfest2013 oct28 final for ss
Squeakfest2013 oct28 final for ss
 
zbdigitaal_test
zbdigitaal_testzbdigitaal_test
zbdigitaal_test
 
Games Cl
Games ClGames Cl
Games Cl
 
Multimedia and gaming
Multimedia and gamingMultimedia and gaming
Multimedia and gaming
 
Why Games (2008)
Why Games (2008)Why Games (2008)
Why Games (2008)
 
Gaming In Education2
Gaming In Education2Gaming In Education2
Gaming In Education2
 

More from Mathias Poulsen

What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?
What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?
What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?Mathias Poulsen
 
Designing Playful Society Prototypes
Designing Playful Society PrototypesDesigning Playful Society Prototypes
Designing Playful Society PrototypesMathias Poulsen
 
#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces
#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces
#cplaydk #3: Play in Public SpacesMathias Poulsen
 
CounterPlay Webinar: The Power of Play
CounterPlay Webinar: The Power of PlayCounterPlay Webinar: The Power of Play
CounterPlay Webinar: The Power of PlayMathias Poulsen
 
Edutainment is Dead - long live educational games
Edutainment is Dead - long live educational gamesEdutainment is Dead - long live educational games
Edutainment is Dead - long live educational gamesMathias Poulsen
 
The Library as a Public Playground
The Library as a Public PlaygroundThe Library as a Public Playground
The Library as a Public PlaygroundMathias Poulsen
 
At the Intersection of games culture, and business
At the Intersection of games culture, and businessAt the Intersection of games culture, and business
At the Intersection of games culture, and businessMathias Poulsen
 
Online gaming and playful organization
Online gaming and playful organization Online gaming and playful organization
Online gaming and playful organization Mathias Poulsen
 
Mashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchange
Mashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchangeMashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchange
Mashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchangeMathias Poulsen
 
Norway Algebra Challenge
Norway Algebra ChallengeNorway Algebra Challenge
Norway Algebra ChallengeMathias Poulsen
 
Skeletons in the right closet
Skeletons in the right closetSkeletons in the right closet
Skeletons in the right closetMathias Poulsen
 
Start talking about what matters...
Start talking about what matters...Start talking about what matters...
Start talking about what matters...Mathias Poulsen
 
Painful Paradoxes of Play
Painful Paradoxes of PlayPainful Paradoxes of Play
Painful Paradoxes of PlayMathias Poulsen
 
Building a global community of edugamers
Building a global community of edugamers Building a global community of edugamers
Building a global community of edugamers Mathias Poulsen
 
Branding through playful interaction
Branding through playful interactionBranding through playful interaction
Branding through playful interactionMathias Poulsen
 

More from Mathias Poulsen (20)

What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?
What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?
What Might Play Teach us about Democratic Participation?
 
Designing Playful Society Prototypes
Designing Playful Society PrototypesDesigning Playful Society Prototypes
Designing Playful Society Prototypes
 
Dialog om eksperimenter
Dialog om eksperimenterDialog om eksperimenter
Dialog om eksperimenter
 
Sæt Legen i Centrum
Sæt Legen i CentrumSæt Legen i Centrum
Sæt Legen i Centrum
 
#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces
#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces
#cplaydk #3: Play in Public Spaces
 
CounterPlay Webinar: The Power of Play
CounterPlay Webinar: The Power of PlayCounterPlay Webinar: The Power of Play
CounterPlay Webinar: The Power of Play
 
Edutainment is Dead - long live educational games
Edutainment is Dead - long live educational gamesEdutainment is Dead - long live educational games
Edutainment is Dead - long live educational games
 
Playful Branding
Playful BrandingPlayful Branding
Playful Branding
 
The Library as a Public Playground
The Library as a Public PlaygroundThe Library as a Public Playground
The Library as a Public Playground
 
At the Intersection of games culture, and business
At the Intersection of games culture, and businessAt the Intersection of games culture, and business
At the Intersection of games culture, and business
 
Online gaming and playful organization
Online gaming and playful organization Online gaming and playful organization
Online gaming and playful organization
 
Zombie Based Learning
Zombie Based LearningZombie Based Learning
Zombie Based Learning
 
Twine Workshop
Twine WorkshopTwine Workshop
Twine Workshop
 
Mashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchange
Mashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchangeMashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchange
Mashing up digital and physical for culture, learning and socialchange
 
Norway Algebra Challenge
Norway Algebra ChallengeNorway Algebra Challenge
Norway Algebra Challenge
 
Skeletons in the right closet
Skeletons in the right closetSkeletons in the right closet
Skeletons in the right closet
 
Start talking about what matters...
Start talking about what matters...Start talking about what matters...
Start talking about what matters...
 
Painful Paradoxes of Play
Painful Paradoxes of PlayPainful Paradoxes of Play
Painful Paradoxes of Play
 
Building a global community of edugamers
Building a global community of edugamers Building a global community of edugamers
Building a global community of edugamers
 
Branding through playful interaction
Branding through playful interactionBranding through playful interaction
Branding through playful interaction
 

Recently uploaded

Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxVS Mahajan Coaching Centre
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionSafetyChain Software
 
Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991
Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991
Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991RKavithamani
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxGaneshChakor2
 
PSYCHIATRIC History collection FORMAT.pptx
PSYCHIATRIC   History collection FORMAT.pptxPSYCHIATRIC   History collection FORMAT.pptx
PSYCHIATRIC History collection FORMAT.pptxPoojaSen20
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxiammrhaywood
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon AUnboundStockton
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppCeline George
 
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3JemimahLaneBuaron
 
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdfssuser54595a
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxRoyAbrique
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13Steve Thomason
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfUmakantAnnand
 
mini mental status format.docx
mini    mental       status     format.docxmini    mental       status     format.docx
mini mental status format.docxPoojaSen20
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAssociation for Project Management
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeThiyagu K
 
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Krashi Coaching
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxpboyjonauth
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
 
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory InspectionMastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
Mastering the Unannounced Regulatory Inspection
 
Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991
Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991
Industrial Policy - 1948, 1956, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1991
 
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptxCARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
CARE OF CHILD IN INCUBATOR..........pptx
 
PSYCHIATRIC History collection FORMAT.pptx
PSYCHIATRIC   History collection FORMAT.pptxPSYCHIATRIC   History collection FORMAT.pptx
PSYCHIATRIC History collection FORMAT.pptx
 
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptxSOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL CONTEXT - LFTVD.pptx
 
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon ACrayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
Crayon Activity Handout For the Crayon A
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website AppURLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
URLs and Routing in the Odoo 17 Website App
 
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
Q4-W6-Restating Informational Text Grade 3
 
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
18-04-UA_REPORT_MEDIALITERAСY_INDEX-DM_23-1-final-eng.pdf
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptxContemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
Contemporary philippine arts from the regions_PPT_Module_12 [Autosaved] (1).pptx
 
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
The Most Excellent Way | 1 Corinthians 13
 
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.CompdfConcept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
Concept of Vouching. B.Com(Hons) /B.Compdf
 
mini mental status format.docx
mini    mental       status     format.docxmini    mental       status     format.docx
mini mental status format.docx
 
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across SectorsAPM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
APM Welcome, APM North West Network Conference, Synergies Across Sectors
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
Kisan Call Centre - To harness potential of ICT in Agriculture by answer farm...
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
 

Making The Classroom More Democratic

  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Is the future thatta way?
  • 6. In its the current form, what future trends can the education system really tackle outside the basic communication skills and common knowledge it teaches?
  • 7. For example: - micro global organisations - constant need for rethinking your business / work / ways - data as the source of power and wealth - sustainability and new business rising from scarcity - local manufacturing including 3d printable products - living in a mega city - what else!?
  • 8. “Every two years our company needs to come up with something really new to stay in the edtech development pace.” Us as an example And I have trouble developing the skills on the run. “There are about twelve people in our network from four different countries.”
  • 9. What’s the right balance between the what we teach and how we teach?
  • 10. Can games make a difference? HOCUS POCUS!!
  • 11. I think they can. ! Games can create an environment where these skills very naturally develop alongside with the subject matter we are teaching, and while allowing more freedom.
  • 12.
  • 13. Concrete Apple Representation of Apple Abstract
  • 14. 1. me (Gravity Hook - http://adamatomic.com/gravity/ )
  • 15. Scripting 3 + 5 = _ In basket you have three apples, if you have two apples in your pocket, how many apples you have in total?
  • 16. A block in the game is one cubic meter. There are one meter long sticks in the classroom. ! Create our classroom in the game and report it’s volume. ! (note to self: then shut up) A Game (Minecraft) Example
  • 17. Newton said: ‘F = ma.’ Prove it. Your virtual laboratory is open. ! We know the result, but everything else needs to be determined by the students. Let’s go even further
  • 18. “Can’t we do this without games?” Absolutely, but they may help you.
  • 20. The students know they are learning
  • 21.
  • 23.
  • 25. An experimental and visual game might just be a more natural way of communicating and sharing ideas for a nine year old than sitting in a board table.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.