CSR's Impact on Sustainability and Corporate Strategy

Csr And Its Impact On Sustainability
Today, companies are well aware of the expectations put to them by stakeholders, investors and
consumer demand, as well as governmental policies, to become more corporate socially responsible
(CSR) by implementing sustainable practices and strategies. As earth's resources are slowly being
depleted, corporations are expected to be more socially and environmentally responsible. Countless
corporations understand the need for CSR and claim to have sustainable strategies in place, but are
the strategies real or is it a facade? What are the real intentions behind companies turning to
sustainability? Is there a hidden agenda or do they have a genuine concern with the sustainability
issues, stakeholder and consumer demands or are they seeking a ... Show more content on
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The KPMG International Survey provides data that indicates that sustainability reporting is going
mainstream, found that among the world's largest 250 companies, the CSR reporting rate is more or
less stable at 93% (KPMG, 2013). Companies must rise to the demands for disclosure and
transparency by publishing sustainability reports, but sometimes the report alone is not enough to
satisfy stakeholders and that is why many companies also attach an assurance statement. Assurance
statements are issued by a third–party, such as Ernst & Young or KPMG, which validates, gives
creditability and reliability of the information provided in the company's reports with regards to
their sustainability practices to external stakeholders. The practice of an assurance statement in
sustainability reports serves as a communication mechanism as it arguably enhances the clarity and
reliability of these statements (Deegan, Cooper and Shelly, 2006).
The trend that I have found through researching legitimacy and sustainability are the four
stakeholders driving companies to initiate sustainability practices are customers, employees,
shareholders and policy makers. In 2012, Ernst & Young, in cooperation with GreenBiz Group,
released a report that discussed six trends that are growing in corporate sustainability and through
their research and discovered customers are
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PESTLE analysis of Inditex Essay
The Inditex Group Inditex, Industrias de Diseño Textil SA, is a group of almost one hundred
companies dedicated to the different activities encompassed by the business of designing,
manufacturing and distributing textile goods. The Spanish company was founded by Amancio
Ortega, who remains the company's biggest share holder, in 1975 and started off as a family
business. The group's achievements, together with the uniqueness of its business model which is
based on innovation and flexibility have made it one of the largest fashion groups worldwide. The
group's understanding of fashion, creativity and quality design and an agile response to the market
demands have resulted in fast international expansion and a warm welcome of the ... Show more
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Socio–cultural Social issues include population demographics (such as growth rate or age profile),
employment patterns, income levels and population health and education. The above affect the
pricing of the product and how the product is advertised, for example. Cultural behaviour is not
always easy to analyse as it comprises many underlying assumptions which are hard to change
intentionally but which evolve over time (Mullins, 1985). Methods of conducting business are
altered by these cultural concerns. Technological This refers to the means and the methods used to
produce the product or the service supplied (Worthington and Britton, 2009). Although this involves
more than information technology, IT is becoming increasingly important. An organisation needs to
know what technologies are being used by its competitors in order to remain in the market and not
fall behind. To make its product more accessible to customers, a firm must also know what
technologies are being used by them and how these technologies affect the firm's procedures. In a
time where customers can read information on or buy products from firms around the globe,
business conduct must adapt to technologies. This is discussed in Iammarino and Michie's article
(1998), which also states that 'technology, computing, telecommunications, broadcasting and so on
have opened up the world economy'. Legal There is an entire framework of legal requirements under
which organisations are expected to run,

The Relationship Between It And Hrm Practices
The relationship between IT and HRM practices
Joe Jasso
September 14, 2014
Information System Seminar – BINF 6315
Article/Topic
#1
Fall, 2014
Abstract Information Technology contributes to an organization's human resource infrastructure that
helps a company set itself apart from its competitors. A company's structure job duties, work
allocation and culture are directly impacted by its innovation and technological efforts. The key
functions that are highlighted relates to administrative effectiveness and operational efficiency. The
significance of workforce technology on the system of HR and its activities are highlighted as well.
This paper addressees how the use of IT can contribute to a company's human resource management
(HRM). IT plays a vital role in corporate strategy and competitive positioning. A company's
investment and management of IT works together with IT resource management. This paper also
includes a brief discussion on the debate about Carr's "IT doesn't matter" and its relevance on the
topic presented.
In today's high–paced business environment, organizations succeed or fail based on how well they
manage information internally and externally. To address this reality, successful organizations
devote substantial funds to secure their information advantages. Companies must adopt new
information technologies and methodologies and remove olds ones in order to avoid being left
behind by its competitors. The information

A New Future For Business
A New Future for Business?
Rethinking Management Theory and Business Strategy
Introduction
In their 2010 article in Business & Society, "A new Future for Business? Rethinking management
Theory and Business Strategy", authors Han, Kolk and Winn report the need for a fundamental re–
think of the approach of academics toward business theory and strategies, with a focus on
sustainable practices, and the ecological and societal consequences of business.
This paper will explore the need to re–think the fundamental role of the businesses in opozarja, da
morajo biznisi posvetiti vso pozornost na sustainable development in da making money ne sme biti
primarni cilj. This paper will explore what has been done in last 25 years since the sustainable ...
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4. The conventional approaches of value creation and growth focused business, are often blind to
new approaches that bring substantial benefits by adopting greener and more socially responsible
ways. Authors question whether public policy needs to be called upon, to better regulate business
conduct with societal needs. Six academic articles:
1. In the article 'Why making money is not enough', Tata et al (2013) argue that maximizing the
profit should not be the primary purpose of the businesses. Businesses need to understand
sustainable development is more important and should be the primary driver. Authors highlight Tata
Group as a good example as Tata primary purpose was to help people and not make money. Authors
highlight what has changed in 20 years – after people realized fundamental changes will need to be
made for a sustainable development. Today, some companies are investing into clean technology but
we still haven't done enough to reduce world population. Authors argue a critical need for economic,
social and environmental issues to be considered with new business strategies and future
technologies.
2. Andreas, Cooperman, Gifford & Russell (eds), 2011 in the

Social Media Networking Technologies
Social Media Networking Technologies Introduction The potential of social media to significantly
improve the performance of enterprises by accelerating collaboration, communication and creating a
greater level of knowledge sharing is seen across a myriad of commercial, educational and
government implementations. The intent of this analysis is to evaluate the use of two social
networking technologies that the university can use to accelerate and accentuate their learning
objects. The strengths and weaknesses of two social networking technologies are evaluated, in
addition to an analysis of how they will impact the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) of
existing university IT investment. Social Media and Networking Technologies' Contribution to
Education The cornerstones of long–term learning are autonomy, mastery and purpose. The use of
electronic scaffolding as a means to enable autonomy, mastery of learning programs in general and
the use of social media specifically shows significant pontifical for higher education institutions
(Najjar, 2008). The technologies chosen for the university are designed to allow for very precise
scaffolding of educational content while also allowing for rapid collaboration and communication
across departments and between students and instructors. The first social media platform is a
campus–wide intranet that will give students the ability to collaborate and communication 24/7 with
each other and instructors, while also having a

Human Motivation and Mangement Skills
Many people get satisfaction from their work and take pride in what they do, while others may view
it as only as a mere way of survival. In an attempt to identify successful approaches to management,
theorists and social psychologists have expounded theories on human motivation and skills. Social
psychologist Douglas McGregor set forth two contrasting theories on human motivation and
management in the 1960's: Theory X and the Theory Y. McGregor promoted Theory Y as the basis
of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely pawns in the
company, as his Theory X type organizations seemed to believe (Cronkhite,2007). Both theories
look at how a manager's perceptions of what motivates his or her team members affect the way he or
she behaves allowing one to adapt their approach. McGregor's Theories X and Y Many people get
the satisfaction from their work and take great pride in it; while others may view it as a burden or
simply a means to survive. In attempts to identify successful approaches to management, social
psychologist Douglas McGregor expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and
management know as Theory X and Theory Y. Promoting Theory Y as the basis of good
management practice, and with personal views that workers are not mere pawns within the
companies' hierarchy structure as Theory X suggested. The theories look at how a manager's
perceptions of what motivates his or her team members also affect the way he or she

BADM 590 Spring 2015 Schedule
University of Illinois, College of Business Administration
BADM 590: Operations Strategy
Schedule of Classes and Assignments for Spring 2015
CLAS #1:
No assigned readings or case discussions. This class is reserved for introductions, familiarization
with the syllabus and course policies, and a review of concepts from the core strategy and process
management classes.
CLASS #2
Case Questions:
1. Which characteristics of McDonald's production system have been most important in building its
record of success and growth?
2. What are the primary new challenges McDonald's faces in the 1990s?
3. How would you adapt the system to accommodate these changes in the U.S.?
4. How can McDonalds lay the basis for future growth?
Readings:
1. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How do these figures change if the time required to prepare a patient in the operating room increases
from 30 to 45 minutes?
For all calculations, assume that: (1) Booth only performs unilateral procedures, (2) the first patient
cannot enter the operating room until 7:00 AM, and (3) the entire procedure for the final patient
must be complete by 12:00 PM. Also, note that an operating room is considered non–idle when it is
either occupied by a patient or being cleaned between procedures.
Readings:
1. Kasra Ferdows, Michael A. Lewis, and Jose A.D. Machuca, "Rapid–Fire Rulfillment", Harvard
Business Review, Vol. 82, November 2004 (p. 104–110).
2. Charles Corbett and Luk Van Wassenhove, "Trade–Offs? What Trade–Offs? Competence and
Competitiveness in Manufacturing Strategy", California Management Review, Vol. 35(2), Summer
1993 (p. 107–122)).
CLASS #6:
No formal class or assigned cases. This day is reserved for team meetings and brainstorming about
the projects. Each team should pick a technology to look analyze terms of how it is likely to affect a
particular industry. Alternatively, the team might develop an entrepreneurial idea based on a new

technology.
The following reading provides a good background for thinking about how new technologies might
change organizations and ways in which things get done, so it is helpful to go over before the teams
meet:
CLASS #7:
Case Questions:
1. Compare the JetBlue's operations strategy

College Admissions Essay: A Career As A Math Class
When it comes to STEM, the things that STEMulate my mind are the things that have to do with
science and math. I really like the science part of STEM because it leaves me to explore, and I get to
work hands on pretty much all of the time. I like the math portion of STEM because there really isn't
a time in my math class where we stop learning, and the effect of that is that I never stop thinking
and I love it when I don't stop thinking. I honestly enjoy working with the people at my tables in
math and science class to build and solve everything, it gives me a chance to learn more about them
and myself. I love my team members and even though I am a little "harsh" when it comes to
working on and completing projects at times, I love how much I learn from and about them, when I
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But before I started watching that show I wanted to be what most other little girls wanted to be. For
example, royalty, a veterinarian, or a baker. When I found that in order to be a forensic
anthropologist that you had to be good in math and science, I sort of just gave up. For years, I just
shrugged at the "what do you want to be when you grow up?" question Business school rankings are
important to the various business schools because they are an important marketing tool used to
recruit top students, and lure recruiters from the top companies. Business schools attempt to achieve
higher rankings in order that they may obtain the top students who will over the course of their
careers most likely benefit the school by achieving high ranking positions, attaining great influence,
and accumulating great wealth. Such students often are able to help other students attain better
(higher paying, more respected and more influential) jobs. Students use the rankings to choose their
school, and creators of the rankings produce them to aid in this

The Marketing Strategy Of Business Strategy
The research program started in 1984 by MIT Sloan School of Management studies the influence of
IT on organization (Morton, 1991). Results include IT application needs changes in organizational
and management structure as well as organizations are required to go through necessary
transformation to compete globally. That findings lead to the MIT90S framework. Another study
looked at the IT's responsiveness to business strategy creation (Tan, 1995). Here, the responsiveness
is defined as the degree to which information technology is exactly considered in the formulation of
business strategy. The key finding is that the prospector business strategy is more IT–strategy
responsiveness than analyser and defender. In other words, IT is more ... Show more content on
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Firstly, the company develop a business strategy. Secondly, the company choose an appropriate
structure. Thirdly, the firm design the management process. Finally, there is a need to align
Information Technology (IT) with the business strategy. IT here is treated as a 'back–office support'
(Allen & Morton, 1994). In addition, employees will be trained and their functions are designed
specifically. As a result, the most important issue in this model is to determine the strategic vision
and to handle the problems of implementation. According to figure2, in contrast, in the MIT
strategic model of change and fit, an "emergent perspective", the components are more interrelated.
The strategic fit attempts to align the organization with its external environment and to manage the
internal resources to meet that alignment (Miyamoto, Kudo and Iizuka, 2014). In terms of strategic
change, the business strategy is being shaped gradually and is an outcome instead of a driver. In
terms of IT, IT becomes an integrated part of a firm's key business process. To be more specific, the
story begins with the increasing and tactical adoption of technology in order to catch up with the
performance of the competitors. Then, it becomes the driver of changes in individual roles,
management process and corporate structure, which constituting

The Seven Costly Mistakes in Business
Seven Costly Mistakes in Business
The seven most costly mistakes in business revolve around how companies manage their value
chains in a turbulent, rapidly changing world. Both primary and supporting strategies of value
chains need to be tightly integrated and well managed for any enterprise to survive and grow.
Losing track of customers and their needs, including a lack of insight into how they can best be
communicated with is the most costly mistake a company can make. The loss of relevancy within a
customer base immediately opens it up to competitors, drastically increasing the costs to get them
back and re–establish value of products and services (Allen, Carletti, Leonello, 2011). Lack of
customers will also lead to lack of insight into demand curves of products and the inability to
forecast them accurately (Docters, Durman, Korman, Schefers, 2008). Integrating Customer
Relationship Management (CRM) systems into the daily activity of a company is essential to
alleviate this problem (Bielski, 2003). Failing to integrate CRM systems into the overall workflow
of the company will lead to losing even more customers and lost revenue, and this is especially true
for foreign subsidiaries of global companies (Davids, 1999).
A second costly mistake is the decision to outsource payroll and accounting without having a clear
understanding of how these processes are performing within the company at present. Companies
often outsourcing payroll and accounting without first

To Be Loved or Feared as a Leader? Essay
TO BE LOVED OR FEARED AS A LEADER? Leaders in fields ranging from military and politics
to business and even education have been posed with the choice of instilling love or fear among
their respective followers. Traits like warmth and trustworthiness of a leader instill love among
followers and fear of a leader originates mostly from his strength and competence. Although there
are numerous other traits in a leader, warmth and strength are the most influential. According to
psychology, a major part of other people's perception about a person is determined by these two
dimensions of personality (Cuddy, Kohut and Neffinger, 2013, p. 56). The dilemma of the choice
between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes ... Show more content on
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For instance, has the change from autocratic to democratic societies and the change from vertical to
horizontal style of management in organizations affected the mindset of people including the leaders
and followers? From what I have observed while assisting my father in politics and overseeing my
family business in Pakistan is that people are more responsive to a leader who demonstrates strength
as opposed to a leader who shows warmth. The first thing that came to my mind was that this
reaction is probably due to the fact that Pakistan is a developing country evolving into a enlightened
society. I justified the fear model with backwardness of the area and attributed it partly to cultural
norms. But it was rather surprising to learn that this model is still practiced quite frequently in the
developed world as well. Taking the example of Texas Tech's coach, Bobby Knight, who is widely
respected for his leadership, had adopted the same fear model. His harshness dragged him into many
controversies including the one where he allegedly choked a player in practice (Snook, 2008, p.18).
It can be argued that some fields like organized sports, military or manufacturing industry require
such strict leadership as maintaining the chain of command is of utmost importance. However,
knowledge industry has no such restrictions but the same model has been applied there in various
cases. I personally know a few successful business owners in the US who rely on a

Why dialogue is needed in organization
Introduction
Why dialogue is needed in organization?
Dialogue is different from any other tool of the techniques it is method for problem–formulation and
problem–solving technologies. Dialogue is essential for understanding culture and sub culture, for
that instance organizational learning will probably depend upon such cultural understanding.
Because of the high revolution seen in the technology and technological advancement its essential
for an organization to accept the path of dialogue. There are many subunits had been formed in
organization because of knowledge based information, geographies, market, product, and
technology. So this subunits transform their subcultures. So organization have to require some
mental models. And this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But decisive dialogues can not be duplicated. These factors constitute an organization's most
enduring competitive advantage, and they are heavily dependent on the character of dialogue that a
leader exhibits and thereby influences throughout the organization. (ram charan 2001).
Dialogue is not just a path of productive conversation but it also implies reflectiveness or positive
response. It is not just improving the effectiveness of business and proving objectives but its create
the relation between two parties eg. Stakeholder and owner, manager and worker, owner and
manager etc. in dialogue "each person is participating, is partaking the whole meaning of the group
and also taking part in it." ( david bohm– 1996,p. xiii)
When one time dialogue is in act than its possible to short the gap between two groups and cultures.
Groups are interested for making fairness results in their given task through good conversation and
by giving their different thoughts. 'Dialogue encourages their participants to cut their stereotypes'.
(daniel yankelovich 1999)
Dialogue explore the self organizing theory in which individual have to act in a team for accomplish
such objectives in way of culture. when individual being together they have specific ideas for
making such communication. Dialogue is a way to get us away

Essay about The Unfair Treatment of Women
The Unfair Treatment of Women
My mother has always promoted sisterhood and support for women. Growing up, I was taught that
women, although we can do anything we want to do, need a support system, because we are
traditionally the underdogs, and we should not accept being treated unfairly. My mother likes to tell
a story about how, when she was a girl, she told her dad that she had decided to become a lawyer
when she grew up. In response to her proclamation, my grandfather, an attorney himself, asked,
"Isn't that an awfully expensive education for a girl?"
My mother was involved in her education throughout high school. The number of opportunities
presented to her while growing up and in her education, however, did not even come ... Show more
In life outside the office, forced sex on a date was not called "date rape," but rather a bad night. Teen
mothers were solely responsible for the babies they had out of wedlock at that young age. If a
woman got married and changed her name, she would lose all her credit cards and have to reapply
for credit. Similarly, if she got divorced, all the money in the checking account she shared with her
husband would go to him, and she would once again lose credit. Domestic violence was not the
crime that it is today. In Texas, it was legal for a man to shoot his wife and her lover if he caught
them in bed together, but the reverse was not true.
Women everywhere in our culture were having similar experiences of unfair treatment because of
being female, so they banded together to improve their social and professional status. Women
created several support systems for each other, because they knew that the only way to bring about
change was in numbers. The League of Women Voters set a precedent over 50 years ago as a
successful organization made to ensure women the same voting rights as men. There are now such

To be loved or feared as a leader?
TO BE LOVED OR FEARED AS A LEADER? Leaders in fields ranging from military and politics
to business and even education have been posed with the choice of instilling love or fear among
their respective followers. Traits like warmth and trustworthiness of a leader instill love among
followers and fear of a leader originates mostly from his strength and competence. Although there
are numerous other traits in a leader, warmth and strength are the most influential. According to
psychology, a major part of other people 's perception about a person is determined by these two
dimensions of personality (Cuddy, Kohut and Neffinger, 2013, p. 56). The dilemma of the choice
between these two is inherently present in the nature of the two extremes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, there 's the story of the General who went way beyond the call of duty to personally
know all of the officers training under him (Cohen, 2008, p.149). The General 's gesture was one of
pure warmth. This could be seen as an argument in favor of applicability of the love model in any
organization regardless of its function and dynamics. Lastly, I would refer to the discussion in class
where it was established that interpersonal skills that come from emotional intelligence and
emotional quotient are much important for managers than technical skills that use academic
intelligence and intelligence quotient. Based on the arguments so far, it would be safe to say that
leadership can have much more to do with warmth and empathy than it is accredited for. And that
the love model, like the fear model cuts across culture, fields and time. There is ample evidence to
support both of the models of leadership under various circumstances. What determines the
effectiveness of leaders is their ability to get an emotional response from followers. The response
can be of fear or of love. According to Gittell, Ledeen and Maccomby (2004, p.15), what matters is
the decision making. If the decisions taken by the leader are fair, people will respond to both warmth
and strength. But If the decision making is arbitrary, people will cease to respond to either emotion.
However, experts differ in their opinions about whether fear is more

The Challenge of Breakthrough Innovations
The Challenge of Breakthrough Innovations
Table of Contents
"The Breakthrough".............................................................................................2
Dilemma/ Struggle of Established Firms.....................................................................3
Rules for Innovation..............................................................................................4
Building An Ambidextrous Organization....................................................................6
Conclusion and Recommendations............................................................................8
Reference............................................................................................................9
Appendix...........................................................................................................12
"The Breakthrough"
One dictionary definition of breakthrough is: "a significant and dramatic overcoming of a perceived
obstacle, allowing the completion of a process." But what really makes an innovation a
breakthrough (radical, disruptive) one, rather than incremental, from ... Show more content on
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Furthermore, the rules and requirements that support the breakthrough–generating environment will
be addressed. Subsequently this paper will try to answer the question how an ambidextrous
organization can be built. The final part of the paper is dedicated to recommendations and
conclusion.
Dilemma/ Struggle of Established Firms
The idea of implementing radical/ disruptive innovation in mature firms is discussed in the article of
Richard Leifer; Gina Colarelli O'Connor and Mark Rice, "Implementing radical innovation in
mature firms" revealing the fact that there is increasing evidence of breakthrough innovation in the
competitive marketplace today, but there is uncertainty on whether it is worth risk taking today?!
And especially large established firms face this dilemma; they have grown excellent at managing
operational efficiencies and building customer loyalty. But will they be able to take wise decision
when it comes to radical innovations and face the chaos associated with commercialization of
breakthroughs. Subsequently, some companies actually made it possible, for example IBM, with a

new generation of communication chips, describing an innovation aimed to increase switching
speeds and reduce

Aligning IT with Business Strategy Essay
Is it smart for companies to invest heavily in information technology (IT)? Numerous studies
indicate that excessive IT spending will usually reduce company profits and slow productivity.
According to an article in the MIT Sloan Management Review, "Avoiding the Alignment Trap in
Information Technology," IT can become a huge bottleneck to growth in companies if they focus on
the wrong remedies for their IT problems (Shpilberg, Berez, Puryear, & Shah, 2007). The article
first focuses on Charles Schwab and its IT struggles during the early 2000's. Then, it presents a
study on 504 companies, and IT's effect on their revenue growth. Lastly, it covers the steps to ensure
success in IT's effectiveness. Charles Schwab is a Fortune 500 Company ... Show more content on
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In addition, aligning each department to a different system or standard doesn't work because a
company needs all departments functioning at the same pace and every department must rely on
each other. The largest group (about 75% of surveyed companies) spent the average amount on IT,
but growth was slightly below average (Shpilberg et al., 2007). Companies in the "The Maintenance
Zone" have IT systems that are less aligned to business objectives and are, as a result, less effective
as a whole. The authors state that the group treats IT more like plumbing, "bumping along" until
something bad happens. However, since the group's deviation of IT spending and revenue growth
from the average is minimal, the article doesn't put much focus on the "The Maintenance Zone." The
next group, experiencing "Well–Oiled IT," were more focused on execution and effectiveness at
getting IT projects up and running (on a budget). They spent 15% below average on IT, yet revenue
growth was 11% above average (Shpilberg et al., 2007). Although the group's revenue growth was
above average, the companies just didn't spend enough on IT to maximize their potential. More
specifically, they didn't spend enough to align the effective IT systems to their business objectives.
The final group of companies, in the "IT–Enabled Growth" zone, experienced the upside of keeping
IT highly aligned

What Influences Customers' Online Comments
Nunes and Merrihue (2007) make the case that mass advertising still has power even if it is harder to
reach large amounts of individuals. They point out that things like TV commercials rose to
prominence because they were "bottlenecks" where a captive audience could be found. There are
still bottlenecks today, and where these are to be found, there remain opportunities for marketers to
utilize mass advertising. These can include elevators, airplanes and restrooms. They point out some
other techniques as well. One is the Trojan horse, where ads are on items that are commonly seen
such as coffee cups. Ads found in unusual places are also more easily remembered. Targeting people
at play is also suggested, such as placing beer ads on golf carts.
Schultz (2007) has some suggestions for improving a company's marketing. The first is to improve
marketing capabilities, especially the functionality of marketing in an interactive marketplace. The
second is to improve the customer focus, aligning the organization's tactics with its customer's
needs. The third is to develop marketing and communications synergies. He argues that many
companies develop adverstising, sponsorships and public relations independently, when they should
be part of a unified, coordinated effort. The fourth is to develop better measures and metrics, as
these will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of marketing strategy. The fifth is understanding
social and economic networks to better reach the target

Nasa Space Shuttle
Memo 2
One of NASA's biggest failure happened on January 28, 1986 when the space shuttle fell apart 73
seconds after being launched. Seven crew members onboard the Challenger died that day.
The day before launching NASA engineers had a meeting with the Morton Thiokol their contracting
firm to discuss the problems that would arise in launching the space shuttle in the low temperatures
forecasted for the next day. The Morton Thiokol engineers said it was unsafe for the launch of the
shuttle noting the 7 out of 24 shuttles launches in the past that had a problem with the O–ring that
was related to the low temperatures. Seeing that NASA was not happy about this, Morton Thiokol
engineer Roger Boisjoly said "launch unless you can prove it is unsafe." It would have made a
difference if they had said "We need to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The hotel had opened only a year ago. In 1979 repeated designs of the rod connections were made
and there were disputes between the fabricator (Haven Steel Company) and the engineering design
team (GCE International, Inc.). The fabricator changed the design from a single rod to a double rod
system to simplify the task, this lead to increase in load on the connector and the resulting collapse
of the walkway. Here the fabricators undervalued the collective outcomes. Ethnocentrism probably
arose too and that was probably the reason for the disputes between the fabricators and engineering
design team. At the testimony the fabricators swore that they called GCE to approve the change in
plan but GCE denied any such call. It is normal human tendency to play the blame–game. No one
wants to take responsibility for something bad that happens. Haven Steel probably dint see the bad
future outcome and thought they could manage everything with the change in plan. It is a case of
illusion of optimism and

Finding Solutions To Information Overload In Social and...
Transforming Data and Information Overload Into A Defensible, Long–Term Competitive
Advantage Introduction The proliferation of data, process and system integration technologies,
combined with the rapid advances made in analytics, Big Data, customer management and supply
chain applications are power catalysts of disruptive change in enterprise IT. Given the fact that many
legacy, 3rd party and previously disparate, disconnected systems are for the first time being
integrated together, the amount of data available for analysis and decision making has never been
greater. Add to this the torrent of data being generated daily through an enterprise's sales cycles,
social networks subscribed to, and customer interactions, and the amount of data available can
becoming quickly overwhelming. All of these dynamics taken together form the area of analytics
and enterprise software called Big Data. As tempting it is for the analytically–minded to dive into
these terabytes and explore for insights and previously–unknown associations in the data, to get the
most value from the investments in BigData, analytics, and enterprise applications, governance–
based frameworks need to be defined that align these systems to specific strategic objectives
(McKendrick, 2012). The advent of Hadoop, H–Base, MapReduce and other data analysis and
aggregation platforms and applications only become relevant in the context of strategic goals and
their accomplishment (Rogers, 2011). That is why more

Decision Making Approaches
I Introduction
A job for a leader is to make decisions. Most managers or executives have to engage in some aspect
of decision making including coming up with ideas, evaluative alternatives, or implementing
directives (Brousseau et al., 2006). However, it could be a critical issue for decision makers to build
up proper decisions in various situations. Hence, how to adopt suitable technique in decision making
processes is a significant text for them. This essay firstly is going to discuss the benefits of
automated decision making due to improvement of technology, such as effective quality and
services. Yet, abundant limitations including environmental changes and professional shortages will
be illustrated in the next part. Furthermore, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the thinking mode, executives can make decisions that are broadly defined and consist of multiple
courses of action (Brousseau et al., 2006).
Successful managers in organisations are more analytic in their style while they progress in their
jobs (Brousseau et al., 2006). Further, Elbanna and Child (2007) prove that rationality has a positive
relationship with organisational outcomes.
Nonetheless, some constraints of rational decision making process should be pointed out. Firstly, in
Brousseau et al. (2006) study, significant differences of global management culture are
demonstrated. For instance, Americans stand apart in using a flexible thinking style more and more
when they progress in their position, but the situation is reversed in Latin America. Thus, global
management should be aware of differences in culture. Moreover, real–life decision making makes
more sense than people think because so much of it is beyond conscious thinking (Mintzberg and
Westley, 2001).
Intuition
To date, researchers have emphasised rational decision making processes rather than intuitive
processes (Elbanna and Child, 2007). However, all the data or information in the world cannot
trump the valuable experiences from lifetime that informs one's gut instinct, feeling as well as
intuition (Matzler et al., 2007). Dane and Pratt (2007) also state that intuition comes from

Yield Management Reading Packet
The Basics of
Yield Management
Weld–management systems have boosted revenue at many properties, but these electronic tools are
not always compatible with the operating atmosphere of a hotel. If you want to introduce yield
management at your property, you may need to make some changes first
by Sheryl E. Kimes
YIELD MANAGEMENT is becoming part of the standard operating procedure for many hotels
with sophisticated electronic property–management systems. Appropriately tailored to the hotels
they serve, yield–management systems generally increase revenue and take much of the guesswork
out of rooms–management decisions. However, installing a yield–management system can create
problems if management does not lay the proper groundwork. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
business and pleasure travelers can be split easily into separate groups. The basic idea is that hotel
managers will have different marketing plans for the different types of customers. Hoteliers would
like to be able to sell these segments rooms tlmt best fit tbeir needs. In tbe case of pleasure travelers,
lower–priced rooms that must be booked a certain length of time ahead may be most appropriate.
With business travelers, higfier–priced rooms that have no time penalty may work best. Perishable
inventory. Clearly, hotel rooms are a perishable inventory item. If the room is not sold one night,
that room–night is lost
forever, anti the hotel manager cannot put it into inventory for use at some otber time. Airlines and
rental–car firms face similar problems. P r o d u c t sold in advance. Some transient hotels sell most
of their rooms a few days in advance, but in some situations, reservations are made well in advance
of the day desired. In the case of group sales, reservations may be made several years in advance.
When the product is sold in advance, the manager is faced with uncertainty. Should a group that
wants to pay a low rate be accepted, or should the manager wait to see if higher–paying cus–
tomers will appear? How many super–saver rooms should be sold? Might someone who would pay
a higher rate want to

Summary OfThe Merger Of Two Competing Hospitals
Healthcare Management Final Paper
In the short story "The Merger of Two Competing Hospitals", we see both Porter Regional Medical
Center and Banner Regional Medical Center reach an agreement to form a merger. Both Hospitals
had at least one major current flaw and by teaming up they no longer had to worry about the aspect
of competing with each other. PRMC faced the problem of annually losing large sums of money.
While over at BRMC the problem laid within the infrastructure and not the problem of money.
After the completion of both hospitals coming together to form a newly named hospital, the question
of creating an executive team in charge of management comes about. In my opinion, before moving
forward in any way to create the executive team, candidates must be considered for their potential
leadership. Just imagine how hard it would be to fail if the newly created hospital looked for
leadership comparable to Arthur T. DeMoulas, when hiring for the executive team. While Market
Basket is not a hospital, the whole idea of the managers acting as leaders would be great for a new
hospital1. This could make all employees act loyal and show great customer service, and lastly
having all the customers (patients) come and leave happy.
According to MIT Sloan Management Review, there are six steps that should be taken to properly
rebuild a management team. The first includes Reducing Role Ambiguity. This is essentially
individuals who leave the new company because of the uncertainty the future holds for them. To
help this, the board should do its best to ensure the company will be fine to the new executive team,
as well as quickly remove any individuals who doubt the new company will be a success. Having
just a few individuals who doubt the potential of the merger could quickly ruin a whole team and
bring moral down. The second step states "Due Diligence Around Talent Is a Dangerous Corner to
Cut". To solve this, the board needs to get to know all the managers on both sides of the merger and
actually find out about their full talent potential. The third part states "Recognize Old Habits Die
Hard – But Not All Should". Each company before the merger had a certain way of doing things,
and while some of those methods

Deconstruction of Literature Matrix
Grand Canyon University
Contemporary Issues in Marketing
Introduction
This comparison matrix comprises three articles which focus on data analysis in social media
marketing.
In "An Examination of the Factors Influencing Consumers ' Attitudes Toward Social Media
Marketing.?" Akar and Topcu point out that social media has become a phenomenon in marketing.
(Akar and Topcu, 2011) Marketers are beginning to understand the use of social media as a
component in their marketing and strategies and campaigns to reach out to customers. Promotions
marketing intelligence, sentiment research, public relations, marketing communications, and product
and customer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These investments can then be used to measure key marketing outcomes such as changes in
awareness levels or word–of–mouth increases over time.
Kumar and Michandani want marketers to identify social media users who are both influential and
particularly interested in the company's product or service category. Incentivize those influencers to
talk about the company's product or service. Use metrics to calculate the value of an individual's
influence. The authors developed a seven–step approach to ensure a successful social media
campaign. The authors suggest that "by developing and implementing this seven–step method to
first identify the net influence wielded by a user in a social network and then to predict that user's
ability to generate the viral spread of information, businesses can identify the "right" individuals to
engage in social media conversations to promote WOM. Further, they found that by linking the
generated WOM to actual sales, social media can be used to induce positive WOM, spread brand
knowledge, generate sales and increase return on investment." (Kumar and Michandandi, 2012)
Conclusion
Social media marketing refers to the process of gaining website traffic or attention through social
media sites.
Social media marketing programs usually center on efforts to create content that attracts attention
and encourages readers to share it with their

Integrated Healthcare Marketing Strategies
Integrated Healthcare Marketing Strategies
Introduction
The creation and execution of promotional and communications strategies are by definition today
multichannel and multimedia in scope. Combining both online and offline forms of media, the best
practices in integrated marketing communications includes digital media that is inherently more
measurable than offline counterparts, with offline media that is more agile from a messaging
standpoint (Finne, Strandvik, 2012). The accuracy and precision of measurement that online
marketing channels and platforms provide, in addition to the more immediate response generated
from programs, is leading to digital media being the majority of integrated marketing
communications spending globally (Reinold, Tropp, 2012). This has significant implications on the
ethicacy of advertising for healthcare products, as customers demand more authenticity and
transparency through these online channels (Bernoff, Li, 2008). The pervasive use of social media is
re–ordering the balance of power between customer and marketer roles in the marketplace (Finne,
Strandvik, 2012). These are all factors healthcare marketers need to keep in mind when designing
their strategic marketing plans.
Bringing Ethicacy Into Integrated Marketing Plans
For any health–related product, the integrated marketing communications strategy needs to first
concentrate on the entire customer experience and be cognizant of their needs while striving for
complete authenticity

Proposal to Stanford University: Integrating Social Media...
Proposal to Stanford UniversityIntegrating Social Media Into Graduate Programs Social Media: The
New learning Platform of Choice for Students The Conversation Prism shows the proliferation of
social networking platforms Proposed Social Network Technologies Salesforce.com Chatter
Combines conversation aspects of Twitter and personalization of Facebook Enables more interaction
than Twitter or Facebook alone (Bernoff, Li, 2008) Can be customized to each student's learning
needs Scaffolding or individual learning programs possible (Najjar, 2008) Available on tablets,
mobile devices, and PCs Free for universities through special programs with Salesforce.com
Proposed Social Network Technologies Expand blogging into the Graduate School of Business
Stanford is a major supported of Edublogs in undergraduate courses Needs to bring Edublogs to the
graduate level for greater use in individualized learning programs and scaffolding (Najjar, 2008)
Enables greater interaction and discussion between students Creates a greater sense of autonomy,
mastery and purpose (all key factors in long–term learning) Enables a platform for video production
on the part of students' projects (Bernoff, Li, 2008) Proposed Social Network Technologies
Characteristic Salesforce.com Chatter Edublogs Ability to interact in real–time across a variety of
devices Very high supported across a number of mobile platforms Limited meant more as a
publishing platform Security

Performance Monitoring Will Be Used For Ensure Capital...
Implementing EMS Recommendations
Jaemoon Lee, Jacqueline Gibson, Jillian Sandbothe, Lance Wilson, Shawn Banks
MGT/360
Anthony Tumolo
Introduction
At a corporate level, Riordan Manufacturing is staged with senior staff support, employee
engagement and a financial budget to embrace an enterprise of sustainability changes. For
adherence, Riordan will ensure "corporate governance of polices and processes are enhanced for
distribution of rights and responsibilities" (Carpenter, Sanders. 2009). Performance monitoring will
be used to ensure capital changes are effective in reducing ink fumes, decreasing solid waste and
minimizing water use. Socially, our leaders will implement employee green training with progress
reporting for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When it comes to the financial barriers that will need to be overcame, there are a number of ways to
help gather enough revenue to undertake such a green work project. Let 's face it, there is going to a
massive amount of capital that will need to be raised, in some form or fashion, to ensure that the
completion of the entire project will occur. First of all, there will need to be major cutbacks in each
department in many different ways. This will help to raise some of the capital. One of the ways that
this can be achieved is be the hiring of new employees through temp services instead of hiring new
employees themselves. By doing this, the cost of hourly wages and salaries of management can be
controlled and at a minimum. Another step that will need to be taken is the instillation of green
teams within each department of the entire plant. Each department will need to come up with ways
to move their own department towards being more sustainable and focus on this in a major way. By
doing this, Riordan will be able to cut cost down quite a bit and free up some capital to have for the
installation of the new sustainable business practices that it is about to do. Lastly, it might be in their
best

How Do Customers Judge Quality of E-Tailer
FA L L 2 0 0 6
V O L . 4 8 N O. 1
Joel E. Collier and Carol C. Bienstock
How Do Customers Judge Quality in an E–tailer?
Please note that gray areas reflect artwork that has been intentionally removed. The substantive
content of the article appears as originally published.
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issues can be purchased on our Web site: www.sloanreview.mit.edu or you may order through our
Business Service Center (9 a.m.–5 p.m. ET) at the phone numbers listed below. To reproduce or
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FALL 2006
MIT SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW
35
when they occur. Of the three, product delivery has the strongest influence on customers'
satisfaction and future purchase intentions. (See "About the Research.")
Interaction with the Web site
A retailer's Web site is the primary contact point in an online transaction, where customers can
ascertain a great deal of information about an organization's attention to detail and emphasis on
customer satisfaction. If a Web site is hard to use and visually distracting, customers will often
switch to another retailer that makes the shopping experience easier. Five attributes influence how

customers evaluate the quality of their Web site interactions.
Ease of Use When customers access a retailer's Web site, they often find that no formal instructions
are provided. Instead, online retail settings frequently require customers to learn by doing. This
means that a Web site must be extremely intuitive and easy to use, regardless of how much
computer experience a customer has. In an online setting, customers associate ease of use with
freedom from significant mental effort.3 One of the strengths of online retailing – endless shelf
space – can quickly turn into a weakness if a Web site is difficult to use. Customers want easy–to–
use search engines that allow them to find products quickly. For instance, Amazon.com Inc. has a
wide variety of products spanning

Emergence Of Information Economy Essay
Essay Title 3: The emergence of information economy has far–reaching strategic implications for
managers in many organizations. Select and discuss some of these implications by reflecting on
three aspects, namely (1) the rationale behind your selection, (2) the changing requirements imposed
by the new economy and (3) the disconnections between an organization's IT capability and the
external requirements. It is vital to address the increasing commoditization of IT and/or IT––‐based
solutions when illustrating their strategic potentials. The changes businesses have had to
accommodate to because of the emergence of information economy, have been immeasurable.
Moving from vertical integration to outsourcing in an increasingly virtual ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, proponents argue that "the new telecommunication technologies are the electronic
highways of the informational age, equivalent to the role played by railway systems in the process
of industrialization" (Henderson and Castells 1987:6 as cited by Dicken 2007:83) implying that IT
indeed is in the process of reaching maturity but that there are still gaps where the advances in IT
have not been exploited fully. "The time–space convergence process is geographically uneven"
(Dicken, 2007:83) since two thirds of all registered domain names are in just three countries (US,
Germany, UK). Therefore IT services are far from being globally available which implies that even
if IT–based solutions are reaching homogeneity in developed parts of the world, for underdeveloped
ones IT can still be looked upon as a source of competitive advantage if implemented adequately.
Economic benefits The emergence of the information age has greatly impacted the concept of
economies of scale, since its "goal is to provide ease of change at the business–component and
interface levels and deliver 'economies of

Impulse Buying
Running head: CAUSES OF IMPULSE BUYING Impulse Buying EN1320 ITT Technical Institute
Impulse Buying Everyone does it from time to time. I'm talking about acting upon impulse. In some
cases, impulsive actions can be harmless or even rewarding. This is usually not the case though
when it comes to making impulsive purchases. Studies have shown that on average, between 50 and
65 percent of items purchased while shopping we're not on their lists, and we're bought out of
impulse. The question at hand is why, and this is what I am going to try and answer. Impulse buying
begins a downward spiral that, if not corrected, ends with owning up to unexpected and undesired
consequences that can be very detrimental and life changing. As defined ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the study mentioned above by Spool (2011), a major driver of impulse purchases is the use of the
category links on the website. Certain designs led shoppers to find products through category links
rather than the sites search engines. When shoppers used these categories, they were far more likely
to make impulse purchases than when they used the search engines. In the study, 87% of the dollars
spent on impulse purchases resulted from users navigating the site by the category links. Users spent
the remaining 13% of the money after navigating via the sites search engines. If a visitor sees a
"popular products" section or a "clearance" banner on a site, those are the things they are most likely
going to click. Even if they went to the site looking for a particular product, this strategy is usually
taken advantage of. Many retailers put a "may we suggest" section on each and every product page
with items that are relevant to what the customer was looking for, and this is also very enticing.
Other ways online pages encourage impulsive purchases is with the use of things such as time
sensitive sales. This can be sales such as Memorial Day sales, deal of the day, or just random
clearance sales. It doesn't matter what the occasion is, making a banner that says something like
"Sale ends at Midnight!" will encourage people to click the link, venture further into the store, and

Organisational Change: Can an Organisational Culture Be...
Organisational change: can an organisational culture be changed?
Despite its ordered and steady foundation, organisational culture can be changed if it is guided by a
comprehensive strategy. An organisations culture is founded by relatively stable characteristics,
based deeply on values that are enforced by organisational practices. However, an organisational
culture can be changed. This essay will aim to establish this and explain the measures which are
involved in changing an organisational culture. In order to explore this, the notion of organisation
culture will be defined. In addition, the reasons and situational factors that bring about the need for
cultural change will be explored, in line with the effectiveness of strategies for ... Show more
Two theorists whose ideologies can be applied to change an organisational culture include Frederick
W. Taylor and Edgar Schein. Firstly, Frederick W. Taylor, a management theorist, significantly
contributed to establishing a scientific management approach to the workplace in the late 19th
century. "Taylor's most important contribution entails his principles of scientific management in
which his theory aims to create efficiency in the workplace by scientifically testing different
combinations of procedures, techniques and tools" (Mills, Helms – Mills, Bratton, & Forshaw, 2007
p. 25). Taylor felt that inefficiency in the workplace was due to three main factors which included
attitudes of the workers, methods of work and the system of management control. Taylor concluded
that these inefficiencies would be improved by a scientific approach to management. A summary of
the issues that came from Taylor's study of organisational behaviour includes issues of work
attitudes, job design, structuring of organisations, recruitment and selection, motivation, reward
systems and management control (Mills et al., 2007 p. 25). These issues are synonymous with key
components

How Assumptions of Consensus Undermine Decision Making
Cover Letter People are always trying to come to a consensus that they know something or someone
before they get the true in–depth details. This more often than not leads them to making false
assumptions. False assumptions are a misuse of statistics and occurs when a statistical argument
asserts a falsehood. At the end of the day these false assumptions lead us to looking stopid in the end
as we were proven wrong. What I want to know is what always proppels us to want to jump to
conclusion before we get to know someone or something. In my essay I will explain why people
jump to conclusion and what ways we can help ourselves not make these false assumptions.
Jumping to conclusion We always think we know something or someone better than we actually do.
More times than not these assumptions or educated guesses what many people call them are more
often wrong the majority of the times. We always try to go with our gut feeling on something that
propels us to jump the gun and make a false assumption which makes us look like a fool at the end
of the day. In my last two essays I proved the point how we make false assumptions that propel us to
jump to conclusion and how more times than not our conclusion that we make is false. After doing
an extensive amount of research im writing to figure out why we make these false assumptions that
propel us to jump to conclusion. The personal assumptions that undermine people's decisions
making are unconscious. In "how assumptions of

The Timeless Quality of the Foundations of Excellent...
Foundations of Excellent Leadership Are Timeless
Introduction
It is often said that a manager is what one does and leader is who one is. This is especially the case
during times of turbulent economic, social and political change. In the debate of whether the
effectiveness of a leader's communication skills is dependent on their age or generation, one must
take into account one of the most critical skills in any leaders' skill set, and that is emotional
intelligence (EI) (Avolio, Yammarino, 2002). Great leadership is timeless as it is predicated on
respect and motivation of subordinates and peers and subordinates, along with a very clear focus on
results attained through shared vision. It is the intent of this analysis to show that transformational
leadership is timeliness because it is predicated on principles applicable to each generation. The
impact of technology on leadership is to accelerate transparency and trust across entire organizations
when transformational leaders are driving progress to shared goals and objectives (Bernoff, Li,
2008). Technology will amplify excellent leadership and shine a very bright light on mediocre and
inferior leadership over time (Gilley, Dixon, Gilley, 2008).
Analysis Of Transformational Leadership Across Generations
The core, foundational elements of transformational leadership are more predicated on Emotional
Intelligence (EI), charisma, communication and collaboration capacity than any topically–driven or
short–term attribute

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Costco
Costco CEO shows authentic leadership as he is a people person. He a lot of his chooses is made
with his employees and customer in mind. It is more of a Theory Y leadership where trust,
democracy, and competence ensure high productive employees, creativity, and high job satisfaction.
Craig Jelinek has a huge effect on Costco as he sets the tone for all of his employees. He makes sure
that his employees are happy He also ensures that members of the club get the best prices and
quality products. Craig Jelinek shows charismatic Leadership. These leaders easily appeal to people
and use their strengths to forge lasting business relationships.
The biggest strength for Craig Jelinek is that he knows a lot about the company as he been a Costco
employee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kevin Shorts also talked about how the CEO makes 650,000, which is a big deal because that is a
lot less than most executives. These wages have to make Costco employees proud to be an employee
to know that the CEO cares about his employees. He also made sure that Costco is closed on
thanksgiving so that employees can spend time with their families. The company also works from
inside most of their higher end employees started as a cashier. "Zeynep Ton, an adjunct associate
professor at MIT's Sloan School of Management, says Costco employees are given greater
responsibilities too, which makes them a happy and highly motivated workforce" (Gabler,2016). As
a result of Costco having a great compensation plan even for they're part–time, it is a good look for
the company. The company has been praised for their compensation plan and their employees are
happy. Jelinek believes pricing the goods higher might lead to customers losing the trust on Costco.
Hence he never allows the items in the warehouse to be sold more than 14–15% from the cost. He
could have increased the price a little higher to improve profits. Costco should develop an improved
advertisement strategy so that people would know about the discounts and other advantages given to
customers. Nowadays people are not interested to go

Marketing Strategy: MBA Level
Marketing strategy – MBA level Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Marketing strategy – MBA
level Question 1 Explain what strategy is and what a strategy statement should include After reading
this article, I can say that a strategy is a summary of words that empowers and energizes employees
to enhance their long–term performance within the organization. This is the measure undertaken in
order to achieve a certain objective and is usually included in a plan for the company. David J.
Collis and Michael G. have suggested that a strategy statement describes the action of the general
plan and outlines specific activities that should be taken by the company. It does not reflect the
impact of the plan for public relations; they are objectives (Collis & Rukstad, 2008). The specific
activities that are put in place to ensure that some objectives achieved for a positive impact are also
not objectives but just tactics. Strategies combine the aspects of both tactics and objectives. The
strategy statement specifies key functions; the tactics can be said to be a clearer version of the
strategy, several key taken, but abstract, strategic elements and transforming them into concrete
things (Collis & Rukstad, 2008). Components of a strategy statement Concisely the following
aspects should be included in the strategy statement: timing, medium type, channel of
communication, logic, and publics. David J. Collis and Michael G. Rukstad discussed that a good
strategy statement must

My Career Goals And Objectives Essay
Nine years ago when I first joined faculty of engineering at Alexandria University, I would have
never imagined that I would apply for a Management PhD program one day. My dream was to
become an electrical engineer but another thing was perfectly destined and planned for me. It has all
started during my last year in the college. I was majoring electrical engineering and I took a project
management course. This course has changed all my goals and objectives. I have become really
impressed by how it could be so important to simulate and optimize process, and how that can save
much money, time and resources. Unconsciously my career objectives have taken a twist during
studying that subject. Quantitative analysis, mathematical modelling and optimization of different
business processes have become my major interests.
In 2012, I completed the BSc degree in Electrical Engineering with an excellent cumulative grade
with degree of honor which is the highest possible grade in Egypt. My ranking was also the fourth
student among 196 students' class. After graduation, my vision was not so clear but I wanted to learn
more about business and its different areas. Therefore, I decided to enroll ina Master of Business
Administration program to pursue my goals. I applied to ESLSCA, a French business school which
has a campus in Alexandria, MBA program and fortunately I was accepted with a scholarship too. I
was a little bit afraid at the beginning of the program as I was the youngest and the

The Realm Of Big Data
7001ENG– Research Methods for Engineers.
Literature review
Group No: 14
Akash Parekh
Harish Segal
INSIGHT INTO BIG DATA
THE REALM OF BIG DATA
Introduction
The variety, volume and velocity (Lohr, 2012) of data have evolved in the present contemporary
times with various companies and business embracing the benefits and advantages leveraged out of
Big Data and its plethora of real life applications. This concept have taken a huge leap ahead in time
and have find some innovative and creative ways to collect, store and analyze data which his
enormous these days. The realm of e business and its applications in this industry are conquered by
the means of big data.
Literature Review
Big Data is a useful tool that helps in collecting, analyzing and disseminating any form of
information that may start from simple phones and ranging up to enormous super computers to
analyze the movement of pattern, behavior of people towards data and patterns that are developed
out of data analysis (LaValle, 2013). Data mining techniques are also aided by the concepts of big
data to scoop out some of the useful information in various fields and researches of study. The
pattern analysis can be aided with the help of text messages via cell phones. It is almost next to
impossible to trap the data generated by millions of users but with the invention of this new
technique and plethora of tools aiding the process of data analysis, the cell phone data generated by
approximately six billion of

Managing Team Conflict
Managing Team Conflict
Introduction
Teams are considered the catalyst and solution to the challenge of attaining very complex, highly
integrated goals and objectives across an enterprise. The emphasis on teams is so significant today
that it is common to find their use across broad geographic distances, ensuring an organization has
access to the best talent globally regardless of location. This is the concept of virtual teams, and their
continual and rapid adoption is reordering the management and leadership landscape in many
organizations today (Ayoko, Konrad, Boyle, 2012). The existence of virtual teams is also completely
changing the nature of team conflict as well (Purvanova, Bono, 2009). The intent of this analysis is
to evaluate the best practices leaders can use to bring change into their organizations successfully,
while also using management and leadership strategies to prevent and minimize conflict. The
techniques that have proven successful in minimizing conflict are also discussed.
Organizational Change, Team Conflict Management and Resolution
The strongest catalyst that leads to successful change management over time is the commitment
from a leader within the organization to support the transition and mitigate the negative effect on
employees (Felfe, Schyns, 2004). This is continually seen in the context of how transformational
leaders are excellent at being examples of how an organization needs to change by showing through
their own activity that a

MBA6022 Unit 2, Assessment 2
Problem Statement:
Toyota grew at a record speed and could not keep up with the speed in which it was growing. They
are a centralized company and Japan only made the decisions. This prevented the company to keep
up with the safety problems. The process that Toyota external suppliers follow when improving
product and making sure the product is functioning properly before shipping to Toyota needs to be
improved before they release the product from their warehouse to be sent to Toyota. This problem
began when the company started to rapidly grow. Toyota's lack of communication led to the faulty
gas pedal recall.
According to Deming (1987), "Performance of management should be measured by potential to stay
in business, to protect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important that Toyota improve their communication and process of evaluating their parts
because if they don't they risk losing customers and market shares. An improved process would also
give them reassures that this issue does not arise again. According to Porter (1996) "Delivering
greater value allows a company to charge a higher average unit price; greater efficiency result in
lower average unit cost" (p.62). Toyota needs to focus more on quality than quantity. After quality is
critiqued then they can continue to grow at a lower rate. If Toyota gives their North American
companies power to make decisions than it would be a huge improvement to the companies and less
risk of safety issues.
Toyota showing their customers, potential customers and shareholders that they have improved the
way they communicate their process and procedures will lead to gaining their confidence back in the
way Toyota does business. This will also allow Toyota to gain their good reputation back and lead to
gaining profits. Communication is the most important asset in how a company does business and is
the strength of a company. Toyota closing gaps and strengthening the way they communicate will
lead to a stronger Toyota.
Desired outcome
Toyota going from centralized to decentralize will give them more opportunity to quickly respond to
issues. Incorporating external information will give Toyota a more competitive

Ad Campaign of an Online University's Bachelor's Degree...
Online University's Bachelor's Degree Program Ad Campaign
At the center of any effective advertising campaign is a very clear definition of who the customer is,
what their needs are, and what expectation they have of service. For an online university bachelor's
degree program this is critically important to the success of any advertising, public relations and
marketing program. The student and their needs to become the center of these strategies if they are
to succeed.
For any student considering one online university bachelor's program over another, their criterion
will include expertise of the facility, ease of using the online tools and what the total experience will
be like. Marketing services–based businesses incouding education on the dimensions of student or
customer experience is critical to their success. Services must underscore the role of experiences in
benefitting and increasing the value delivered to customers; just speaking of features or functional
attributes of a service is not sufficient (Palmer, 2010).
The advertising, PR and marketing strategies all must be coordinated around a common message to
prospective students that underscore the online universities' competencies and show it is worthy of
trust. Prospective students are evaluating online universities as the foundations for their future and
therefore accreditation, reputation of the school and tis instructors, and value of the degree after
graduation all must be considered. Unifying marketing,

CSR's Impact on Sustainability and Corporate Strategy

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