The document discusses the past perfect tense and how it is used to describe actions that occurred before other past actions or before a specific time in the past. It provides the formation of the past perfect using had + past participle. Examples are given to illustrate using the past perfect to talk about events that happened earlier than other events in the past. Finally, a series of activities are presented where the reader must identify whether the past simple or past perfect tense should be used.

1. PAST PERFECT
PAST PERFECT
VS.
PAST SIMPLE

2. A)PAST PERFECT. FORM
We form the past perfect:
HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE
+ED: WATCHED
3RD COLUMN: EATEN
REGULAR VERBS IRREGULAR VERBS
+ She had arrived She had gone
- She hadn´t arrived She hadn´t gone
? Had she arrived? Had she gone?

3. B) PAST PERFECT. TIME
EXPRESSIONS.
We tend to use the following time
expressions with the Past Perfect:
ALREADY
NEVER She HAD already/just/never SEEN that film
JUST
BY THE TIME
AFTER
BEFORE
UNTIL
UNTIL THEN

4. C) PAST PERFECT. USES
1. An action that happened before another
action in the past.
He had worked very hard before he finally won.
1st 2nd

5. C) PAST PERFECT. USES
2. An action that happened before a specific
time in the past.
They had already scored before the 9 o'clock break.

6. PAST PERFECT.
 Past perfect

7. PAST PERFECT. EXAMPLES.
1. Mike had finished his homework before he watched television.
2. My mom had left before I woke up.
3. The snow had started to fall before Christmas Eve.
4. The team had finished practice before 10:00.
5. She had never visited Africa before her trip in 2009.
6. Sam had seen the red car before he ran into it.

8. PAST PERFECT. ACTIVITIES.
PAST SIMPLE OR PAST PERFECT?
1. I ………………….. (not study) Japanese before I
…………………. (go) to Japan.
2. She …………………..(bake) a lot before she …………. (open)
her shop.
3. We …………. (have) a lot of trouble because we
………… (lose) our passports.
4. Brian ………….(know) many people at the club because he
………….(be) there many times.
5. They …………. (not study) English before they ………….
(move) to Canada.
6. You …………. (not enjoy) the movie because you ……….
(read) the book.
7. She really …………. (like) him because he ………. (help) her.

9. PAST PERFECT. ACTIVITIES.
8. Amy …. (study) a lot before she ………….(take) the test.
9. We …………. (get) into the restaurant only because we
………….(reserve) our places.
10. I …………. (not be) to India before 1986.
11. They ………….(have) a lot of trouble before they finally
………….(succeed).
12. Chris ………….(own) that car for 5 years before he ………….
(sell) it.
13. Sharon ………….(be) very sick until she …………. (stop)
eating junk food.
14. I …………. (be) in Greece for 7 months before I ………….
(move) to Spain.
15. You …….(cook) a lot, because you …………. (be) so hungry.

10. PAST PERFECT. ACTIVITIES.
PAST SIMPLE OR PAST PERFECT?
1. I HADN´T STUDIED (not study) Japanese before I WENT (go) to
Japan.
2. She HAD BAKED (bake) a lot before she OPENED (open) her
shop.
3. We HAD (have) a lot of trouble because we HAD LOST (lose)
our passports.
4. Brian KNEW (know) many people at the club because he HAD
BEEN (be) there many times.
5. They HADN´T STUDIED (not study) English before they
MOVED (move) to Canada.
6. You DIDN´T ENJOY (not enjoy) the movie because you HAD
READ (read) the book.
7. She really LIKED (like) him because he HAD HELPED (help)
her.

11. PAST PERFECT. ACTIVITIES.
8. Amy HAD STUDIED (study) a lot before she TOOK (take) the
test.
9. We GOT (get) into the restaurant only because we HAD
RESERVED reserve) our places.
10. I HADN´T BEEN (not be) to India before 1986.
11. They HAD HAD (have) a lot of trouble before they finally
SUCCEEDED.(succeed).
12. Chris HAD OWNED.(own) that car for 5 years before he
SOLD (sell) it.
13. Sharon HAD BEEN (be) very sick until she STOPPED (stop)
eating junk food.
14. I HAD BEEN (be) in Greece for 7 months before I MOVED
(move) to Spain.
15. You COOKED (cook) a lot, because you HAD BEEN (be) so
hungry.