institute of botany, university of the punjab

1. 1
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2. Constraints in Adopting the advance
methods of Agriculture of Pakistan
Represented to : DR. Zahoor Ahmad Sajid
Represented by: Maria Jabeen
Roll No:MSBT-29F20
Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab 2
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3. Contents:
• Introduction
• What are Constraints
• Types of Constraints
• Environmental Constraints
• Agrochemical Constraints
• Technological Constraints
• Socio-economical Constraints
• Institutional Constraints
• References
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4. Introduction:
• Pakistan is an agriculture Country and of 80 Mha of total
land, 22 Mha is used for the agriculture production.
• Pakistan economy depends upon the agriculture.
• Cropping system has 60% distribution but livestock and
forest contributes 40% in economy.
•
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5. Constraints :
• Constraints are the problem and barrier faced in the development of
modern agriculture.
• Types of Constraints:
• Environmental Constraints
• Agrochemical Constraints
• Technological Constraints
• Socio-economical Constraints
• Institutional Constraints
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6. Environmental Constraints
• Soil Salinity:
• In Pakistan 4.5 Mha area is
salinized due to the saline
ground water cropland
irrigation with poor quality
tube well water
• Salination caused loss about
28,000 to 40,000 ha of land
each year.
lhttps://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia-background/salinitys
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7. Continue….
• Water Logging:
• In Pakistan 5 Mha(30%) of
irrigated area ( 17 Mha )is
waterlogged with water table
with the 3m depth from
ground surface.
• In the cotton fields, raising
water table from 2-3 m from
water table caused the 60%
yield loss.
https://www.civillead.com/waterlogging/
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8. Continue….
• Soil Fertility Depletion
• In Pakistan , low fertilizer use efficiency caused the low fertility.
• Soil Erosion
• Rain fed and mountainous areas show the enormous depletion of soil
nutrients causing the low fertility and low agriculture productivity.
• Climate Impacts:
• Unfavorable climate conditions such as heavy rains, floods and
droughts effects the agriculture productivity.
• 20% crop depletion in crop productivity occurs due to the adverse
climatic conditions in Pakistan.
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9. Irrigation water management constraints
• Inequitable canal water distribution:
• Inequitable Canal water distribution result in the poor irrigation
system.
• Improper conjunctive use of canal and groundwater:
• Farmers do not follow the combine pattern of water system and used
the poor quality ground water for irrigation.
• Low water use efficiency:
• Water potential activity is not understood in Pakistan which may be
due to the poor irrigation management in Pakistan.
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10. Agrochemical Constraints:
• Old Methods of
Farming:
• There is no awareness
about modern methods
of agriculture,
• lack of machinery
• poverty
• high prices for modern
technologies
https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-08-25/old-school-farming-methods-could-save-planet
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11. Inadequate Availibity of Quality Seeds:
• In Pakistan, quality seed
are not available.
• It creates a gap between
the requirement and
supply of seeds which
effects the yield.
https://www.basicknowledge101.com/subje
cts/seeds.html
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12. Use of Fertilizers:
• Low quality fertilizers
• Fertilizers prices are costly. Due to which Less availability of
fertilizers to small farmers.
https://southwoodgardencenter.com/do-garden-chemicals-go-bad/
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13. Plant diseases:
• Pest and plant disease
also caused the low yield
because crops like Rice,
wheat, cotton and
sugarcane attacked by
pest.
• Not appropriate methods
to control these pest and
disease.
https://www.planetnatural.com/tomato-gardening-guru/pests-disease/
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14. Technological and Socio-economical Constraints
• Lacks of Awareness and Poverty:
• Framers have no awareness about the modern agriculture which can increase the
productivity. Poverty acts as hinders in the achievement of modern technology.
• Preference traditional methods over technology
• Less time, less facilities, less machines and less knowledge.
• Small land holdings
• Increase in population caused the small land holdings.
• Land tenure System
• Common law system in which land is owned by landlord.
• Land lords buy fertile piece of land .
• Poor farmers get nothing with hard work.
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15. Institutional Constraints:
• Inadequate Institutional seed production Capacity
• Some public and private institutes are busy in the production of seed but they
produced the seed about 40% of year seed requirement.
• Inadequate Agriculture research Institute
• There are many federal and provincial agriculture institutes conduct research and
provides it role in the modern agriculture but their output did not help to develop
the new varieties.
• Inadequate Credit Facilities
• High interest rate and loan has impacts on the crop productivity in Pakistan.
• Ineffective Agriculture Education and training
• Farmers in Pakistan have inactive and inefficient agriculture extension services,
have not guidance on the modern and improved agriculture practices.
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16. Solution to Constraints/problems:
• Supply of Agriculture Credit:
• Water Logging and Salinity Control:
• Construction of Dames
• Provision of HYV Seed
• Mechanization
• Agricultural Research
• Agro-based Industries
• Tax Concessions
• Training of Farmers
• Prices of Agricultural Productivities
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17. Conclusion:
• Being an agrarian country, agricultural sector of PAKISTAN’s
economy is still backward. Use of modern techniques, provision
of credit facilities, basic infrastructure and agriculture research
facilities are needed to remove the all problems of agriculture
sectors in the development of modern agriculture.
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18. References:
• Ahmad, K. F. Z., Muhammad, S., Ul, H. M., Tahira, G. H., Feehan, H., Amir, M. S., & Atif, W.
(2013). Agricultural dynamics in Pakistan: current issues and solutions. Russian Journal of
Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 20(8).
• Qureshi, A.S. 2011. Water management in the Indus Basin in Pakistan: Challenges and
opportunities. Mountain Res. Dev. 31(3): 252-260.
• Iqbal, M., and M. Ahmad. 2005. Science & technology based agriculture vision of Pakistan and
prospects of growth. In: Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) 20th Annual
General Meeting (AGM) on Regional Co-operation and Economic Growth 2005, Marriott
Hotel Islamabad, Pakistan, 10th - 12th January,2005.
• Hamid, A., and N. Ahmad. 2001. Integrated Plant Nutrient System: Development and Rural
Poverty Alleviation. In: Regional Workshop on Integrated Plant Nutrient System Development and
Rural Poverty Alleviation 2001, Bangkok, Thailand, 18-20 September.
• Sattar, T. 2012. A sociological analysis of constraining factors of development in agriculture sector
of Pakistan. J. Econ. Sustain. Dev. 3(8): 8-24.
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