Business Environment Of China France Hongkong Essay

Business Environment of China France Hongkong Essay
Table of Contents
Part 1 Evaluation of Koyo Jean's Environmental
1.1Introduction P.3
1.2 Environmental audit of current markets in China, Hong Kong, and France P.3–5
1.2.1 Executive Summary P.3
1.2.2 Fashion industry life cycle and the current position of the three countries P.4
1.3 SWOT and TOW S Analysis for Koyo Jeans in the three countries analysed P.5
Part 2 Drivers to Internationalisation
2.1 Motivation for Koyo Jeans entering emerging Markets P.6
2.2 Environmental Analysis in Brazil and India P.6
2.2.1 Findings on comparison between Brazil and India (PESTEL & 5Forces) P.6
2.2.1.1 PESTEL analysis P.6
2.2.1.2 Porter's 5 Forces analysis P.6
2.3 Comparative, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.2 Environmental audit of current markets in China, Hong Kong, and France
1.2.1 Executive Summary
Base on the first assessment, refer to the PESTEL and Porter's 5 Forces analysis (Appendix 6.1), the
most attractiveness in China is the point of huge increasing population which have recorded
1,370,536,875 (National Bureau of Statistics of China 2012) on 2011. And as one of the BRIC
countries, China has also recorded a 7.4% of GDP growth rate in 2012 (Trading Economics 2012),
which is an evidence showing China is a strong emerging market. Regard to the technology used,
China has relatively lower penetration rate than the other two countries. But operating business in
China has a lower cost than the other two countries, example as the labour cost.
Hong Kong is a SAR (Special Administrative Region) of China; but the whole political system is
not the same as China, and it can enjoy highly autonomy. The education, political, socio–culture all
aspects show this city is favourable to have businesses in. Most attractive fact is the high penetration
rate of internet users, as businesses can reach the customer widely.
France is the 5th worldwide in GDP 2012(Economy Watch 2012), and has a highest number
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Brazil 's Economy Will Overtake That Of Italy
O’Neil (2001) introduced the term BRIC where this grouping acronym was standing for Brazil,
Russia,
India and China respectively (hereafter BRIC) . By the end of 2000 these countries faced an
impressive increase in equity markets: Brazil’s increased by 369%, India’s by 499%, Russia’s by
630% and China’s by 201% using the A–share market. But why these four countries are so
important? Simply because by the end of 2000 the gross domestic product (gdp in US$) in both
Purchase Power Parity terms (PPP) and current prices of BRIC countries accounted for 23.3% and
8% of the world’s total gdp respectively.
According to Goldman Sachs in 40 years time the BRICs as a whole could be larger than G6 in US$
terms. In the same report it is stated that Brazil’s economy will overtake that of Italy by 2025;
France by 2031 and Germany and UK by 2036. In addition Brazilian gdp of about US$ 2.253
trillion in 2012
(according to World Bank), is the world’s seventh wealthiest economy and the largest country in
area and population in Latin America. In the last 100 years from a destitute and far from being a
sophisticated economy became one of the largest and richest emerging markets hosting the World
Cup in 2014 and the
Olympic Games in 2016, events that demanded huge amounts of investments among others in
transport infrastructure and social development. In this paper we will attempt to explain this
transition (from a poor to a prosperous economy) by investigating the role of nancial development,

Foreign Aid From The United States
When I chose Brazil as the subject country for examining its foreign aid received, I ran into a bit of
a dilemma. Brazil has evolved from being a foreign aid recipient and less developed nation of the
past, to become a major foreign aid provider in recent years. This fact places this emerging country
in a unique and interesting position as both a donor and recipient as of 2010 records reveal and
Brazil's donor status is on the increase since this new "middle–of–the–road" development status for
this intriguing country emerged.
Brazil's modern history includes 300 plus years of colonization by Portugal form 1500 to 1800, to
the establishment of its independent status in 1822. (2) Today, Brazil in its association with BRIC
(Brazil, Russia, India and China) bloc partnership, Brazil now distributes close to 4 billion dollars in
annual global aid to less developed nations around the world, especially in sub Saharan Africa. (4)
As a recipient of foreign aid, Brazil in 2012 received $2.4 million (US) in international humanitarian
aid. Also, during the period of 2003 to 2012, Brazil received $ 4.5 billion (US) in official
development assistance (ODA). (1) As a donor nation, Brazil contributed $1.3million (US) in
humanitarian assistance in 2013 and $54 million in that same category of international aid (US) in
2012. (1) Due to global austerity, international foreign aid is on a constant decline around the globe.
Some estimates place Brazil's 2015 projected, combined giving,

Tommy Hilfiger Essay
Tommy Hilfiger Case Study: EC 2102
This essay it will examine the economic, social and political issues that shaped Tommy Hilfiger on a
global environment. First it will investigate why Hilfiger decided to sell internationally rather than
concentrating on the domestic market and secondly it will analyse if operating globally affected the
prices for Hilfiger's merchandise. Analysing the prices will lead to a conclusion which will reveal if
it has created any problems for the Hilfiger's organisation.
'In the United States clothing sales in general have been growing less than 5 percent per year, much
slower than in foreign markets' (Daniels et al, 683:2009). This is evident if you look at the clothing
industry figures from 2011 to 2012. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is clear that focusing sales in the domestic market would have been disadvantage to Hilfiger.
Invested internationally to create more demand and make use of the resources is fundamental in
foreign direct investment. This would have prompted Tommy Hilfiger to sell on an international
basis rather than focusing purely on the domestic market. 'Larger firms are able to capture "
economies of scale" and hence produce goods more cheaply than smaller and presumably less
efficient firms' (Brown, D & Swanson, L 2003: 234). This is apparent, with 'Tommy Hilfiger and its
partners operate over 350 stores worldwide'. (Tommy Hilfiger, 2012). By becoming a larger firm
and having a large number of stores worldwide will secure the economies of scale. This has a
variety of benefits for the Tommy Hilfiger which will help lower production costs and with the extra
profits, Hilfiger may want expand further to capitalized on new markets. In addition, with stores
worldwide it may help reduce the risks of depending on one market to support the long term future
of the Hilfiger's corporation. These benefits for the Hilfiger business can be associated with
Dunning's eclectic theory which looks at the collective view of the benefits engaging in Foreign
Direct Investment, (FDI), (Gilpin,R 2001). One of the rewards in FDI the location specific
advantages which includes, greater market opportunity,

Emerging Economies
Business Development in Emerging Economies
Business Development in Emerging Economies
Coursework
Coursework
Contents
A. In your opinion, what is the future of emerging economies? Support your answer with relevant
evidence. (2000 words) 3 Introduction 4 What are emerging economies 4 Future of emerging
economies 5 Microeconomic approach 6 Long–term economic perspectives 7 The "Euro"
perspective 8 Facts about the future 9 Forecast 11 Opinion 12 Risks for emerging markets 12 B.
Critically discuss the factors driving the growth of emerging MNEs. Use relevant company and
country examples. (500 words) 14 What are MNEs (Multinational Enterprises) 15 Facts about
MNEs 15 C. How formidable is the competition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As serial crises tripped up America and then Europe, China barely broke stride. Other big
developing nations paused for breath only briefly. Investors bet that rapid growth in emerging
markets was the new normal, while leaders from Beijing to Brazil lectured the world on the virtues
of their state–centric economic models.
More than 80% of the world's population lives in countries with emerging economies.
As we can see in Figure 1, the share of emerging markets in global output has increased from below
20% in the early 90's, to more than 30% today. Considering the cost of living differences, the share
of emerging economies in world GDP already exceeds 45%, which is 13 percentage points higher
than in the early 90's. According to the International Monetary Fund's (IMF), World Economic
Outlook, this share will exceed 50% in 2013.
Figure [ 1 ]: Share of emerging economies in world GDP in recent periods
While these economies are already large, they keep growing strongly. Growth in emerging
economies and increased resistance to economic and financial shocks mean good news for the
global economy, which can definitely rely on the dynamism of emerging economies more than it did
in the past.
The residents of emerging economies' countries benefited a lot from this rapid growth, as it led

The Brics
B
CHAPTER FOUR
THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
OBJECTIVES
To appreciate the importance of the economic analysis of foreign markets
To identify the major dimensions of international economic analysis
To compare and contrast the economic indicators of countries
To profile the characteristics of the types of economic systems
To discuss the idea of economic freedom
To profile the idea, drivers, and constraints of economic transition
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
When companies source, manufacture, and/or market products in foreign countries, they encounter
fascinating and often challenging economic environments. Chapter Four first explores the economic
environments of countries in which an MNE might want to operate by ... Show more content on
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Key economic factors include: the general economic framework of a country, its degree of economic
stability, the existence and role of capital markets, the presence of factor endowments, market size,
and the existence of economic infrastructure. Factor conditions represent available inputs to the
production process, such as human, physical, knowledge, and capital resources, as well as
infrastructure. [See Fig. 4.1.]
III. ELEMENTS OF THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Economic analysis often begins by
examining a country's gross national income, (GNI) i.e., the monetary value of the total flow of
goods and services within its economy. Then related measures such as growth rates, income
distribution, inflation, unemployment rates, debt, and the balance of payments are considered.
Gross National Income Gross national income (GNI) measures the income generated both by total
domestic production plus the international production activities of national firms, i.e., it is the
market value of all final goods and services newly produced by a country's domestically–owned
firms in a given year. Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the value of production generated by
both domestic and foreign–owned firms within a nation's borders in a given year. B. Improving the

Power of GNI Managers improve the usefulness of GNI by adjusting it for the population of a
country, its growth rate, and the local cost of

Impact Of Globalization On Economic And Political Growth
Global Business Environment
Introduction
This paper investigates the impact of globalisation on the economic and political growth. For several
years the economic instability and high levels of income inequalities and poverty have hurt Brazil.
Domestic market had positives impact on Brazil in order to stable the economy.
How Has Politics Impacted Global Business in Brazil
2. Globalisation
2.1 Definition of globalisation
Globalisation is the process of communication and mixing between governments, people and
companies of different nations in term of increasing international of financial market also various
market of goods and services. They focus on mainly forces that are backing the method of
globalisation which they are the liberation of capital movements such as opening global market to
trade, investment. Therefor this process has effect on environment, culture, and political systems
OECD Handbook on Economy Globalisation Indicators, 2005).
The design and level of internationalisation has changed over centuries, which the old authorities
have declined and the new ones has arise with different equity and policy (Petrella, 1996: 63).
Petrella did list some fundamental personalities of globalisation that he states that in globalisation
through financial markets that there's a revolution of consumption that shape cultural products with
world consumer markets.
Political: these measure the state of a country political incorporation for example the

India 's Growth Of Domestic Market
Later that year, Brazil saw a brisk rise in inflation and a slow growth of domestic market. This led
Brazil to a balance of payment shortcoming since there were more import goods rather than exports.
Because of this flaw, there have been a lot of government's intervention in the market. But such
intervention could not fix the failure in the market and the import goods were still exceeding. This
period of industrialization in Brazil is viewed as the background of the later decline of its regular
commodities exports. Within the similar period, India also adopted the substitution industrialization
policy. India adopted the strategy of ISI in the 1950s in the same intention as to create self–reliant
economy. The ISI strategy, or more known as autarky, was based on the model of growth as
propounded by Mahalonobis, which stresses the significance of basic industries for growth; and
focus on long term patterns of growth by utilizing of the products of these industries. Similar with
Brazil, the implementation of this policy was determined towards basic and capital goods industries
substitution, tightening import regulations, giving incentives to the private sector, promoting the
heavy industry, and overvalued exchange rate that facilitate the capital goods importations. This was
based on the reasoning of lack of industries producing investment goods, which could detain high
rates of investment and growth. In contrast with Brazil's situation, the lack of competition in India
created

General External Environment Analysis Essay
THE GENERAL EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
– Laka Muralidharan
General external environment is composed of dimensions in the broader society that influence an
industry and the firms within it. These dimensions can be can be grouped into the following six
environmental segments: demographic, economic, political/legal, sociocultural, technological and
global segments.
1) Demographic segment
China and India account for 1/3rd of the population and experts believe that they will remain the top
two populous countries at least until 2050. China and India would contribute 65 million and 142
million new workers respectively to the global workforce by the year 2020. Both countries offer
large, educated, relatively low–cost workforces, and as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, since the recovery is just a few months old, there is still a lot of skepticism about whether
it is for real and whether it has some legs to run further. I think the worst is behind us, but the future
is still uncertain. I believe that it would take quite a while, at least a couple of years to get back to
the economic levels (unemployment rate and housing market) of 2006.
3) Political/Legal segment
This segment is an area where organizations compete for attention, resources and a voice in
overseeing the body of laws and regulations guiding the interactions among nations. As the politics
of regulations change, this segment influences the nature of competition through changing rules. An
example is the global trend toward privatization of government–owned or regulated firms. Firms
must carefully analyze new political administration's business–related policies and philosophies.
Often, firms develop a political strategy to influence government policies and actions that might
affect them.
In the global scenario, more countries continue to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) as they
seem to believe that free trade across nations serves the best interest of individual countries and their
citizens. Down the line, many years from now, we would see a scenario where all countries in the
globe become members of organizations like WTO and there is a fair trade across all countries

A Study On The Brazilian Performance
The topic of emerging economies has been hot over the past decade or so, most notably the
emergence of the group of countries known as the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China and
South Africa). Growth rates in these economies far exceed that of more developed nations. In 2011–
2013, BRICS economies posted average growth rates of 4.11% compared to 1.37% in developed
economies (Lukov, 2010). By 2020 all BRICS should be in the top 10 largest economies in the
world, and by 2050, they will be the most important economies, relegating America to the 6th
largest economy in the world (The BRIC countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China, 2010). I have
chosen to concentrate my study upon the Brazilian performance. I have chosen to do so as in ...
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The method chosen to answer these questions, is a simple regression model. With this system, the
determinants of GDP can be tested to see which variable has played the most significant role in
increasing economic growth within Brazil. This then allows me to delve deeper into the reasoning
behind the causation of the significant variable, scrutinizing government policy recent trends in the
economy which may cause the variable to become most significant player in economic growth. Of
course the other key variable of economic growth will not be ignored, and shall be analyzed
alongside the key determinant.
The variables upon which indicates economic growth are created using quantitative methods, as
stated above, using various data from the WTO , the UK Data service, WDI and the IMF . By
analyzing data between the time period 2000–2013 (latest available data), I aim to show the main
causations of growth in Brazil, as ultimately growth occurs over time. Ultimately current and past
policies will be analyzed and the effectiveness of these will be proven throughout the paper.
[brief paragraph on findings]
Following this introduction, I will undertake a critical literature review (section 3). Section 4 aims to
prove why the current economic performance of Brazil and other members of the BRICS is an
important topic. This will lead onto section 5 where I shall look at possible models the Brazilian
government examined when setting growth

The World 's Third Largest Economy And An Emerging Economy...
Executive Summary
Brazil is currently the world 's seventh largest economy and is labeled an emerging economy under
the BRIC classification. Over the past years they had large opportunities for growth but lack of
investment in public education and income inequality has caused the country to have slower growth
than its closest economic peer, China. Income inequality and education inequality affects the Black
or mixed–raced Brasilians the most. These two issues then translate to other problems effecting the
economy such as increased violence and a major prison population compared to its Latin American
peers.The evaluation criteria for research on the education system will be effectiveness, cost,
feasibility, and justice. The policy proposal will need to be more effective, raise the GDP higher than
the status quo, and have more underrepresented students graduate from universities. Feasibility will
be emphasized in the new proposal. There are many who argue the new education system is giving
an unfair advantage for Afro–Brazilians, the proposed policy proposal will highlight the
beneficiaries as the country benefiting as a whole.
Define the Problem
With a growing county and middle class, Brazil is currently the world's seventh largest economy.
Twenty years ago, Brazil listed a GDP of 768 Billion, while China listed 728 Billion. Although they
were very similar in GDP, Brazil grew at an average of 108% a year while China grew 115% on
average each year (World Bank, see table 1).

Brazil Political Crisis Essay
Brazil is within a political crisis. Their government has become extremely corrupt over the years and
it appears to continue. Their government is considerably right–wing, and this stagnates growth. This
has led to huge risks and issues that have hurt the country in every level. The country was also hit
with the last massive recession and it has never recovered. Brazil also took on hosting two world
events within this recession. Hosting the Olympics and World cup was a costly investment.
Investors and politicians did not see the influx of tourism post these events as they expected which
too had an impact on their economy. Brazil now has a huge deficit in it's net debt and this is
expected to climb higher over the coming years. They have ... Show more content on
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The economic downfall was also due to many sanctions placed on Russia post the annexation of
Crimea. New opportunities will arise for Russia as they move from a natural resource country to a
greener country, Russia has a plan to stimulate growth with green energy which will create jobs.
They also have a $10 billon fund for research which they are hoping will stimulate future economic
growth.
India's economy is one that appears to be on the brink of a major recession. Their central bank has
made bad choices over the last number of years. This has lead to a low growth within the country
and a high inflation rate. They changed their political leadership to someone who was more open to
change and reform, but this has not come about. India reformed its tax system, which they believed
would be the key to success in the country. This in fact caused the opposite. The economy slowed
down sharply. They banned the sale of cows in India due to religions reason and this stopped the
growth of agriculture as this was a huge export for the country. India has about 12 million new
young people enter its job market each year and finding jobs for this vast quality of people is a
hinderance for the country and yet another driving factor for lower growth. India expects the initial
impact of their tax reform to be over and now they will see a stabilization of their economy. It is
believed their economy will now grow in small increments due to this stabilization.
China has

Procter and Gamble Research
IB Dream Company PROJECT – P&G March 1, 2012
Group 21
1
IB Dream Company PROJECT – P&G March 1, 2012
Group 21
2
A Humble Beginning . . . roctor & Gamble was born in 1837 by the collaboration or William
Proctor, a candle maker and James Gamble, a soap maker. They started this partnership at the
suggestion of their common father–in–law Alexander Norris. After 175 years, P&G is one of the
consumer goods company in the world. It features in the Fortune 500 list and recorded sales of
$82.6 billion dollars in 2011.
The year 1837 was quite a difficult time to start any business. Although Cincinnati was a busy
market–place, the United States of America was gripped by financial panic. Scores and scores of
banks were closing down across the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
. . roctor & Gamble is known to expand rapidly. The summary of the mergers & acquisition by P&G
is given in Table 1. As you can see, though P&G is acquiring an average of 2 to 3 firms in the recent
past, it is divesting its stakes at a faster rate. This implies that P&G wants to expand in areas of
strength & focus its full concentration there and at the same time reduce its stake in all the ventures
that it deems unprofitable.
One of the major acquisitions by P&G in the last 10 years was the acquisition of the German Hair
Company Wella AG for $6.27 billion. Wella AG was the market leader in hair care products, with
revenues exceeding $3.6 billion in 2002. Through this deal, P&G entered the salon market. They
also entered the dental market in the same year by acquiring Glide, a dental floss brand from W.L.
Gore & Associates, Inc. P&G decided to exit the food market gradually. The first step was by selling
its Sunny Delight and Punica drinks in April 2004 to J.W. Childs Associates LP.
P&G made a major foray into the pharmaceutical sector with the acquisition of the Spanish firm
Laboratorios Vita for € 150 million. It followed this with the acquisition of Asacol, another
pharmaceutical firm.
After Wella AG, P&G made another major acquisition – Gillette Co. This was in January 2005 and
the deal was for $57 billion, the largest acquisition made by P&G till date. Through this deal, P&G
acquired the brands Gillette, Braun, Right Guard and Duracell. P&G acquired

One Of The Reasons By Brazil’S Economy Is An Important
One of the reasons by Brazil's economy is an important player in the world today is its size. They
are the world's fifth largest country by size and the ninth largest by nominal GDP. Other
comparisons include the fact that they represent the largest economy in Latin America and second
largest in the Americas. Because imports and exports are a significant component of Brazil's GDP, at
27%, trade represents a key factor in Brazil's economy ("Brazil Economy: Facts, Population, GDP,
Inflation, Business, Trade, Corruption," n.d.). Although the government interference and a system
that is characterized as inefficient and a challenge for market entry, Brazil continues to work toward
an improving economic and social environment for its people. In ... Show more content on
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Private capital investments have slowed, Russia's market environment is weakened by the presence
of a continued state–run model, and a significant lever within the Russian economy remains oil
(Kudrin & Gurvich, 2015, p.54). In 2015, Russia was a key exporter of oil to both Europe and Asia,
and nearly 50% of the country's revenue comes from oil and gas. That type of dependence, when oil
prices decline can have a massive negative effect on the economy of a nation (Andrianova &
Khrennikova, 2016).
The economy of India is largely one that emphasizes service as the largest sector. Sixth–largest by
nominal GDP and the third–largest by purchasing power parity, another key area of the Indian
economy is pharmaceuticals "which were the fastest growing among the top 10 export categories, up
51.7% for the 5–year period starting in 2011" (Workman, 2016). Of the five countries in BRICS,
India is lowest in GDP per capita. India continues to be an attractive foreign direct investment
nation, led primarily by economic reforms that have made entry into the country's marketplace
easier (Esposito, Kapoor, & Mathur, 2016). Also significant in the economy of India is its size. This
causes significant differences across the nation both in terms of how the different states within the
country experience the economic growth, effecting both access to products and financial capabilities
within the market. Not unlike other

How A Company Approaches Entry Into The Brazilian Market
Introduction
In the last few decades, foreign investment has flooded into the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and
China) markets. These countries have greater market potential than most developed countries,
primarily due to their higher growth rates and the sheer size of their populations. For this reason,
these countries are often grouped together in business literature and research, but they are hardly
homogenous. Companies intending to conduct business in these countries need to consider their
market entry strategy carefully and distinctly for each country, without generalizing across all of the
BRIC nations.
In this paper, we will focus specifically on the factors that determine how a company approaches
entry into the Brazilian market. Corporate executives looking to do business in Brazil must
determine their activity mode (whether to export to Brazil or produce there), their ownership mode
(wholly–owned subsidiary or joint venture), and their establishment mode (acquisition or
greenfield). We'll review recent research that illustrates and analyzes the most common market entry
strategies and their impact on a foreign firm's success in Brazil. In particular, we'll discuss why
greenfield production through joint ventures is the primary entry mode of choice for foreign
investors in Brazil.
Overview of the Brazilian Market
Before we examine market entry strategies for Brazil, it's important to understand some basic
characteristics of the country's business environment.

Why China Can Attract More FDI: A Response to...
Why China Can Attract More FDI:
A Response to "Competitiveness in India and China: the FDI puzzle"
In 2008, a serious financial crisis swept the globe, causing many countries' economies sunk in
depression or recession. After four years, some emerging economies, such as China and India which
are the members of the "BRICS" (the acronym of Brazil, Russia, India and China, which are at a
similar stage of newly advanced economic development), firstly got rid of the effect of this financial
crisis. Therefore, these emerging economies begin to draw more economists' attention. Prime,
Subrahmanyam and Lin researched the competitiveness in India and China through the foreign
direct investment (FDI). In " ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
303). In the passage, three economists (Wei, Zheng and Sinha) used data to explain the FDI flows of
India and China. For example, Wei (2005) tested for possible factors which are crucial in explaining
FDI flows. Zheng (2009) established India and China data sets to calculate the flows individually.
Sinha (2007) selected data from 6 states in India and 3 sub–regions in China to estimate how the
business climates influence FDI inflows (as cited in Prime, Subrahmanyam and Lin, 2011, pp. 304–
305). Others cared about investment regimes, or focused on the differences in policies and
performance in the two countries (Prime, Subrahmanyam and Lin, 2011, pp. 305–306).
Furthermore, Prime, Subrahmanyam and Lin selected the data to compare levels of FDI and FDI
performance, and introduced the Porter's diamond theory to analyze the data. Firstly, Prime,
Subrahmanyam and Lin (2011) found that demand conditions, factor conditions, and firm strategy,
structure and rivalry can't certainly verify the larger FDI flows to China as compared with India (pp.
312–320). As Prime, Subrahmanyam and Lin mentioned, both countries have the similar potential
market capacity. In the factor conditions (infrastructure, technology and labor force), both countries
have made major progress with infrastructure, but weakness remains in both places (Bai and Qian,
2010; Patel and Bhattacharya, 2010; Sweeney 2010). Compared with

The Theory Of Management And Management
Introduction Since its early days, management has been studied by various theorists and has
provided scholars with much to study and discuss. Early principles were developed and expounded
upon. Research and studies allowed the field to grow and evolve as improvements and new
discoveries were made. Theorists soon discovered the complexity of management and that there was
no single way to manage all people or circumstances. This observation led theorists to research
various methods to bring a level of flexibility into management.
One tactic management may use to provide the flexibility required for various situations is the
contingency approach. This is approach recognizes that organizations are different, thus they require
different management methods (Robbins & Coulter, 2007, p. 39). Fiedler's Contingency Model
states that a leader's character and situation are the two factors affecting performance (Greer &
Plunket, 2003; Mitchell, Biglan, Oncken & Fiedler, 1970). Each of these two factors has variables
involved such as task or relationship oriented as part of their character and how much the leader
feels accepted, whether a task is structured versus defined, and the level of power he or she has over
others as part of their situation (Greer & Plunket, 2003; Mitchell et al., 1970).
Findings
While the Contingency Model provides useful information for and about leaders it is not limited to
leadership. This approach can be applied to other situations or areas and be as

Should South Africa Stay with BRICS and CIVETS or Focus...
"South Africa needs to look beyond BRIC(S) markets and emerging CIVET(S) markets and rather
focus on Africa"
Extended writing task–Grade 11
South Africa is currently part of BRICS and CIVETS emerging markets, and none in Africa. In me
essay I'll be discussing whether South Africa should stay with these emerging markets or rather
focus on Africa.
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) and CIVETS (Columbia, Indonesia,
Vietnam, Egypt, Turkey, and South Africa) are all examples of some of the emerging markets in the
world. BRICS are the world's largest emerging markets and CIVETS are the second largest
emerging markets in the world. Emerging markets are also known as; emerging economies or
developing countries. An emerging market is a term used to describe a country that is still
developing. It is not yet developed but it is neither underdeveloped, it is in between. These countries
have some characteristics that would classify them as developed, but they also have characteristics
that would classify them as underdeveloped (not to be confused with 'undeveloped'). Emerging
markets are countries that offer a wealth opportunity in trade, technology transfers and foreign direct
investment; they are restructuring their economies along market–orientated lines. Leaders of these
developing countries want to increase the living quality of their people. Therefore they are rapidly
industrializing and adopting a free market or mixed economy.
Emerging

Brics Case Study
"The BRIC acronym, which stands for Brazil, Russia, India and China, originated in a Goldman
Sachs paper – Building Better Global Economic BRICs – as part of an economic modelling exercise
to forecast global economic trends over the next half–century."
"BRICS" – breaking it down is a combination of the first letters of its members:
– Brazil; Russia, India, China and South Africa.
At the beginning, in 2001 only four of categorized as developing countries started "BRIC": Brazil,
Russia; India and China, at that time were projected by the global financial institutions and
organizations such as Goldman Sachs that by 2050; China and India would become the world
leading suppliers for manufactured goods and services and Russia and Brazil would ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Conclusion, "BRICS" did match some of the predictions made in 2001 for them, starting with
global share of 10% GDP they increase their share to over 25% world GDP and achieved almost
15% of global trade. The above should translate that the "BRICS" member countries expended the
share of world GDP by 150% for twenty years and from developing countries they advance ahead in
the global trade and economic plate by fully integrating themselves by becoming members of all
major world economic organizations like: WTO; UN; G–20; UNFCCC.
Despite the positive advances, there are many issues that need to be overcome by "BRICS"
members to move ahead. From internal, economical, infrastructural (India, Brazil, China) and
energy matters to political and country disputes (such as India – China), economical sanction from
world economies over Russia are issues that currently intervene for the full development of
"BRICS" economic and political partnership. 2. What unique qualities or attributes does your
assigned country

Jaguar Land Rover ( Jlr )
With the overall sale of their products on the rise in the emerging markets, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR)
opens its first ever full manufacturing plant in the region, the first outside England. With great
aspiration to develop their own car infrastructure market and compete with the like of (JLR) other
Multi Nationals Corporations (MNC), the Chinese government made joint venture the only viable
means to enter their growing emerging market, so that their local car manufacturers learn the (MNC)
way of doing business. A joint venture has been defined as the collaboration of more business
organisations in which they split everything necessary to run a business. Additionally, these (MNC)
run the risk of having their designs copied and their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, the saturated west car manufacturing, EU legislation on carbon emission and the USA
new carbo emission levy has contributed a great deal to the immense pressures that auto
manufacturers are facing today in the western markets.
However, the two iconic British brand Jaguar and Land Rover failed to generate profit in the past
and as a result were forced to merge with each other. Thus, the auto industry today if it wants to be
competitive, it has to opt for delivering unprecedented levels of consumer value and service.
Furthermore, intense competition among firms has been singled out as the one thing which is
driving this unprecedented increase in consumer value and service. Therefore, the challenges facing
(JLR) and other (MNC) is that because their subsidiaries in these emerging markets like China and
India, find it harder to handle the performance management that's required of them. Additionally, in
order to drastically reduce production cost and deliver their products and services cheaply to
consumers, (MNC) like (JLR) are entering into these joint ventures especially in China to handle
production for them at such pace that causes concern among the traditional lover of the (JLR) brand.
Conversely, the requirement to preserve the quality standards of these products and services being
offered in these emerging markets becomes of utterly great importance, because of their reputation
and

Dell General Environment Case
General Environment Technological Segment– Dell is in the business of providing technology.
Because of this it must stay up to date with the current technology available to its consumers. It
attempts to do this by keeping strategic partnerships with its suppliers to have current technology
and to manage their bargaining power.
3. Global segment– One of Dell 's focuses is the emerging markets, namely Brazil, Russia, India,
and China (BRIC countries). They have introduced a new line of their desktops called the Vostro–A
to meet this markets ' needs, which are low cost PC 's that provide basic functions such as web–
surfing, e–mail, and word processing. Five Industry Forces Intensity of Rivalry Among ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A major strength that limit threat is Dells ability to provide a cheap but highly customized product.
Through strategic partnerships with suppliers and using a build–to–order model Dell has been able
to keep up a barrier to new entrants into the industry. A major weakness that limits opportunity for
Dell is sticking strictly to the build–to–order model. It makes it difficult to sell to retailers because
they purchase higher quantities of the same product and expect it to be delivered as quickly as Dell
would deliver its normal quantity of shipment. A major weakness that enhances threats is, again, the
build–to–order model. Consumers are purchasing in store more frequently so that they can compare
products directly. If Dell is unable to supply these locations well they are missing out on a great deal
of sales. VRIN (I am not sure why the formatting changed on VII and VIII but I can 't fix it) Dell 's
best competitive advantage is support service. Methods of lowering cost can be mimicked by
anyone, but a high quality support service is not. As technology more advances and becomes more
complicated, having a well trained and well mannered support service will be very valuable to
having loyal and happy customers. Support service is not rare but a high quality support service that
is truly helpful is very

Comparison of Basic Economic Indicators of Bric Nations
Comparison of Basic Economic Indicators of BRIC Nations
Abstract
In economics, BRIC is a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil, Russia, India and
China, which are all deemed to be at a similar stage of newly advanced economic development. It is
typically rendered as "the BRICs" or "the BRIC countries" or "the BRIC economies" or alternatively
as the "Big Four".
Table of Content
1. Introduction 4 2. Statistics 5 3. Economic Indicators 6 3.1 GDP 6 3.2 Inflation 7 3.3 Deficits 8 3.4
Export and Import 10 3.5 Foreign Reserves 13 3.6 National/Public Debt 17 3.7 Foreign Direct
Investment 18 3.8 Foreign Institute Investment 19 3.9 Composition of GDP 20 3.10 Demography 23
4. Challenges 24 5. Conclusion 25 6. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inflation has been surging in the emerging market world over the past year, driven by a strong run–
up in agricultural commodities, thanks to supply shocks paired with the steady increase in demand
due to rising wealth in places like the BRIC economies. Inflation will be the key issue in emerging
markets in coming year – mostly because of the monetary policy response, and the subsequent
impact on GDP, and stock market returns. It is likely that we'll start to see a tapering off of inflation
through the second half of this year – but if not, then things could get 'interesting'.
Monthly data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China showed the consumer price
index for June climbed 6.4 % from the same period the year before. Many economists had expected
the rise to be between 6.2% and 6.4%.
That increase compared with a 5.5% jump in May, which was itself the fastest rise in CPI since a
6.3% increase in July 2008.
India Hikes Rates 10 Times in 16 Months to Combat Inflation. Asia Times reports India Maintains
Inflation Fight:
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the central bank, has raised interest rates for a record 10th time in
16 months, grimly continuing its efforts to choke inflation by checking money flow. But belt–
tightening, the RBI has decided, remains one of the critical ways to tackle inflation, which rose to
9.06 % in May, up from 8.66 % in April 2011.
"High input prices, rising

Challenges Faced by India Inc.
10 challenges for India to reach 2050 potential
"In our latest annual update to our Growth Environment Scores (GES), India scores below the other
three BRIC nations, and is currently ranked 110 out of a set of 181 countries assigned GES scores. If
India were able to undertake the necessary reforms, it could raise its growth potential by as much as
2.8% per annum, placing it in a very strong position to deliver the impressive growth we outlined,"
it says.
Here are the 10 things for India, as outlined by Goldman Sachs, to achieve its 2050 potential:
India's governance problems overarch all its other problems. Without better governance, delivery
systems and effective implementation, however, India will find it difficult to educate its ... Show
IT has given major benefits to a broad variety of countries, ranging from 'developed' countries (such
as New Zealand, Sweden and the UK) to 'developing' ones (such as Brazil, Korea and South Africa).
For India, there are probably broader powerful benefits," it says.
India's gross fiscal deficit remains one of the highest in the world and, recently, government
liabilities have been increasing at an alarming rate.
Goldman Sachs estimates that the overall government deficit stood at just under 6% in FY2008. In
FY2009, this may accelerate to above 7%, due to a large debt–waiver for farmers, a big wage hike
for civil servants, increasing fertiliser and oil subsidies, and higher exemptions on income tax.
At such high levels, government borrowing crowds out private–sector credit, keeps interest rates
high, adds to already high government debt, and becomes a key source of macro vulnerability.
Therefore, a medium–term strategy for fiscal policy, which reduces the overall deficit to a
sustainable level, is critical for India.
India's financial sector remains small and underdeveloped. The state still dominates the sector,
holding 70% of banking assets, a majority of insurance funds and the entire pension sector.
Additionally, markets are lacking in corporate debt, currency and derivatives. This leads to a lack of
credit and low financial savings. Total credit, at 50% of GDP (although increasing rapidly in recent
years), remains well below that of its Asian

Brazil Under Lula: Off the Yellow Bric Road Essay examples
Question 1:
1. Situation Analysis
Brazil is being considered as a growing economy. In fact the country, one of the BRIC nations is
seen by analyst of Goldman Sachs as one of the five nations that will be at the top of all nations with
regard to a country`s GDP (The Goldman Sachs Group Inc., 2007). To understand Brazil`s current
situation and how the country may be able to grow out of this position as a global player in the near
future aiming a better globalization of the country by the year 2050, one has to see Brazil within a
bigger frame. Within this frame, actions taken have to be integrated into the five obstacles Brazil
currently faces.
1.1. The five obstacles Brazil has to overcome (Brazil Cost)
There are five obstacles ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key for an even higher growth rate is to challenge the country`s way of operation. Thus Brazil
can be seen as a country of the future. Even though the country has to find its place within the BRIC
nations. By comparison with the other nations, it can be seen that Brazil is considered to be the
weakest nation. Given the fact that globalization can be seen as the future for every country (Naim,
2009), also Brazil will be able to take a stance of defining the nation`s globalization strategy with a
thorough plan of actions.
BRIC nations are defined as becoming the largest economic bloc in the world by 2050. The
foundation therefore among other aspects lies in the population of these countries. Brazil has a
population of 186 million (in 2006) people. Further can be seen that the human development index
(in 2003) can be found at 0.792, which is following Russia the highest index.
In addition should be noted that the latest government practices a democracy steered towards
globalization. This democracy as well allowed more privatization. Another way of seeing the 'global'
Brazil, is by acknowledging Brazil`s major industries regarding its exports.
Seeing these factors as a foundation for Brazil to become an economic leader in the future, the
nation still has to work its way there. Hence are there a few issues Brazil has to get a hand on. So is
for example the

Goldman Sachsm BRICs
In 2003, Goldman Sachs issued an investment report that coined the now–famous acronym, BRICs,
to jointly refer to the economies and states of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. At the time, these
four countries only accounted for a fraction of global Gross National Product. It is believed that
between 40 and 50 years from now, these nations may catch up to the OECD countries, countries
which include the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom and over a dozen others, in
economic ability and performance. By means of standard of living, political agenda, and religious
and cultural background, the BRICs represent four incredibly diverse countries. All, however, are
marked by large economic growth potential and have caught the attention and dollars of
international investors everywhere. China has become one of the fastest growing nations in the
world, having growth numbers close to double digits for the past fifteen years. Understanding the
linkage between China's growth and Brazil's growth is essential for investors and globally–aware
individuals alike. When large oil reserves were found off the coast of Brazil in 2012, emerging–
market investors began to take a peaked interest in the country. While emerging–markets are
considered high–risk economies with potential for high–reward investment returns, Brazil's
democratic, established political atmosphere only added to the incentives to invest in Brazil. The
idea stood that as long as China continued to grow and demand

International
Individual assignment
1. Through illustrative cases, examine the drivers of divestment from emerging markets. 2. Advise
an established multinational or small–medium enterprise on an appropriate foreign market entry
strategy
Candidate Number : Word Count Examiner Place Degree Course Date : : : : : :
59552 2746 Professor Dr Joseph Amankwah–Amoah University of Bristol MSc Management
International Business March, 2013
Table of Content
I
Table of Content
I. List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. II
II. List of Tables ....................................................................................................... III 1. Introduction
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Especially strategic divestments, as opposed to unplanned and unstructured divestments, can be a
valuable opportunity for redefining a business in order to achieve long–term success (Benito &
Welch, 1997). Further, companies regularly attempt to explore new market opportunities.
Particularly, emerging economies with their huge consumer markets and enormous growth rates
provide great potential (Kearney, 2012). Through their knowledge and expertise, multi–national
companies have the capabilities to exploit these interesting markets (Gleason, Mathur & Singh,
2000). The essay at hand attempts to address these two topics. Frist, this paper illustrates the drivers
for divestments from emerging markets and provides exemplary cases. Then, the essay elaborates on
how Innocent Ltd (Innocent) can sustainably enter the Indian market.
2. Structure of the Thesis
The essay is divided into six chapters. After the introductory part, the third chapter introduces the
reader to the basic idea of divestment, followed by a chapter that draws attention on particular
divestment cases in India. Chapter five consist of a market and entry strategy for Innocent in India.
Subsequently, a conclusion and recommendations in chapter six end the whole thesis.

3. Divestment
Baroncelli and Manaresi (1997: 225) define divestment 'as the sale of part or all of a business to
third parties'. Factors that influence the decision to divest a business unit can be categorized

Impact Of Global Financial Crisis And Emerging Markets
Running Head: IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS (S&P 500) AND EMERGING
MARKETS (BRIC) 1
IMPACT OF GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS: DEVELOPED (S&P 500) AND EMERGING
MARKETS (BRIC) 23
Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (S&P 500) & Emerging Markets (Bric)
Name
Institution
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
ABSTRACT 3
CHAPTERS
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2 – Methodology 6
CHAPTER 3 –Literature Review 24
CHAPTER 4 – Analysis and Results 38
CHAPTER 5 – Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation 53
REFERENCES 31
Abstract
The paper examines the emerging stock markets in BRICS countries based on the existing
dependence structure and other global factors such as S&P index and the security prices ... Show
Impulse response test indicates that a bigger percentage of the countries respond positively to the
expected shock immediately and recover in the next five to seven days
Impact of Global Financial Crisis: (S&P 500) & Emerging Markets (Bric)
Introduction
The BRIC forms an important economic bloc in the global financial market and it is important to
understand the impact of the stock index. The Brazil Russia, India and china represents almost a

substantial percentage of the world economy and with a total population of about 40 percent. In
addition more than 20 percent of the world's gross domestic product arises from this four economic
bloc countries and it is expected to rise over in future. It is also known to be a sheer potential in the
coming years. It is also foreseen by the UN report on development and sustenance as it is expected
that china is likely to outshine the US economy by 2020 and the BRIC will be one of the G7 by
2032 according to Goldman Sach, 2017. The recent financial simmer evident indicates that these
economies were robust to changes in the economic shocks witnessed between 2000–2010.
According to Goldman Sach, 2017 the report indicates that the contribution of the BRIC to the
economy the growth rate in 2007 was approximately over 40% and the growth rate extended to
another economy (Aggarwal, Inclan,

Compare and Contrast Brazil and China as Bric Countries
Currently, economic world are more dynamic. Many developed countries such as European Union,
US, and Japan as the largest economic are going to be overtaken by developing countries,
particularly BRIC. BRIC stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Those countries are growing
rapidly and making contribution to the world economy as Goldman Sachs (2010) said, "Between
2000 and 2008, the BRICs contributed almost 30% to global growth in US Dollar terms, compared
with around 16% in the previous decade". Furthermore, even Goldman Sachs predicted in 2050 the
BRIC could account for almost 50% of global equity markets. This essay will compare and evaluate
critically economic growth prospect of China and Brazil as two BRIC countries in the context ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, Brazil is trying to utilize China's huge market to replace their lost demand in the US. In
fact, the collaboration between China and Brazil has expanded in multiple sector including
financing, investment in joint projects, energy cooperation, and military sales (EIU, 2010). Thus,
China became the largest trading partner for Brazil since 2009 with value about US$36bn (EIU,
2010).
One of the important factors of the growth in China and Brazil as BRIC countries is Foreign Direct
Investment (FDI). There are several factors that contribute to attract FDI including market size,
institutional and regulatory quality, trade openness, infrastructure quality, economic and political
stability, and labor quality and cost (The World Bank, 2011). China is still the most attracting for
FDI among any other BRIC members (UNCTAD, 2012). Huge amount of market, low inflation and
stability of their government are might be the factors that attracted the FDI in China. According to
the ministry of China, "Investment from the United States decreased by 26.1 percent in 2011 to $3
billion, while that from the European Union decreased by 3.65 percent to $6.3 billion" so, China's
FDI was hit by the global financial crisis in the EU and US. However, The most attracted FDI in
Brazil is in market size sector with the fact that Brazil will be the host of

Entrepreneurship in the Brazilian offshoring industry Essay
Case 1: Entrepreneurship in the Brazilian offshoring industry
Brazil is one of the nations included in BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India, and China). In the past, Brazil's
outsourcing industry has been the smallest of the four BRIC nations. This is very surprising due to
the close proximity to the United States and the current trend of "near–shoring". However, due to
recent governmental backing and inflows of capital Brazil has begun to improve and could possibly
overtake Russia, India and China in the offshoring industry. The most promising sector in Brazil is
their IT sector.
Capital Access Index 2009 Access to Capital
Brazil is the fourth–best country in Latin America for access to capital for entrepreneurs. Much of
this improvement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Access to Research & Development
One reason for Brazil's success is due to their rapid spending in science and government incentives.
However, concerns over rising inflation and an overheated economy has led Brazil's newly elected
President to implement across–the–board government spending cuts, totaling close to $30 billion.
Resulting from the cut was a $577 million reduction in funding for the Ministry of Science &
Technology, which was about 11% of the previous year's budget. This lack of R & D spending could
become a weakness for the future of Brazil[4].
In response to the growing concern, Brazil's government established a new panel to study the future
of science in the country. The panel will draw up long‑term plans for sustaining R & D within the
country[4].
Technology
In IT technology Brazil is well staffed with its 250,000 IT professionals, 23,000 annual IT
graduates, and infrastructure capable of supporting double–digit growth. According to the Brazilian
Association of Information Technology and Communication Companies (BRASSCOM), Brazil's
offshore outsourcing market hit $1.4 billion in 2008, rising 75 percent in a single year. An October,
2009 report from Gartner states that "Brazil's economic footprint combined with having the largest
domestic IT consumption in all of Latin America, as well as international recognition as one of the
most promising and rapidly emerging economies, makes it a natural

Rise of Brics Economy and Its Impact on Global Stock Markets
IRACST – International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management (IJCBM), ISSN: 2319–
2828
Vol. 2, No.1, February 2013
Rise of BRICS Economy and its Impact on Global
Stock Markets
Naganathan Venkatesh
Research Scholar, NITTTR,
Chennai, India
Abstract The world is changing and becoming increasingly multipolar due to the emergence of
China, India, Russia, Brazil and
South Africa forming so called BRICS. The global influence of
America is fading out due to the recent decline in their stock market and the emergence of other
markets. The framework of the global economy has changed dramatically due to the collapse of
Lehman
Brothers in 2008. The change in swift happened from G7 to G20
(group of world's largest 20 economies) and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since in recent years, numerous drastic occurrences have taken place in the stock markets of various
countries, it is of great interest to know and examine if these changes have influenced the other
countries policy making attributes in one way or another.
III. PROBLEM BACKGROUND
The economic rise of China and India is arguably one of most significant occurrence in the 21st
century The rapid economic growth of BRICS countries have uplifted millions of their citizens
every year from poverty. What is the impact on the region, given the ascendance of China and India?
There are at least two possible outcomes: the rise of the two great Asian powers may challenge the
US and instill fear among the smaller countries in Asia, or, China and India will act as new
economic dynamos that will benefit the region even if US economic presence in the region is to
decline in the future.
This article explores the opportunities and obstacles to a
"harmonious" region underpinned by the rise of BRICS.
67
IRACST – International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management (IJCBM), ISSN: 2319–
2828

Vol. 2, No.1, February 2013
IV. IMPORTANCE OF THIS STUDY
This study looks at the rise of the BRICS economies and their rising importance to the global
economy and the trends that will shape their

Change Models Essay examples
Week 3 Assignment: Change Models
Mindi Barker
MGT/435 – Organizational Change
Mr. George Henson
December 9, 2012
In this paper the executive at a high–end retail chain selling luxury watches, jewelry, and hand bags
is in charge of the company's first expansion in the international pool, which is about a new store
open in Shanghai, China. This is only a short term objective as the company expects to open several
stores in the BRIC countries, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China, which is the long–term plan.
The executive explains the chain models used to follow the short–term and long–term goals and the
effects these changes would have on executives, managers, and employees from the company.
Organizational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a company moves to a new and different target market it requires different strategies, as well
as skills. Another good example of transformational change is when the CEO and executives of a
company want to change the culture or/and the structure of a company. This type of change is the
requiring intensive focus and involving a lot of stress. It may be the most complex among all three
change types. The short–term objective that needs to be implemented by the executive is the open of
a new store in Shanghai, China. Being a single event it may not require such intensive focus;
however, there are aspects of the matter that need to be highly considered. The strategy proposed for
the opening of a new store in Shanghai is to reach the objective through a transitional change model.
A good way to implement this change model is with the 7–S model. Waterman, Peters, and Philips
(1980) explain that the 7–S Model for Organizational change examines seven key areas of the
company, as well as the relationship of each of the elements one another. The 7 elements are
grouped into two major categories, such as: soft elements and hard elements. The elements are as
follows: strategy, structure, systems, shared values, style, staff, and skills. Through strategy, the
company plans to maintain competitive advantage, while the structure refers to the

Carrefour: Abandoning Russia
Only few months after opening its first stores in Russia in June 2009, Carrefour announced that it
would be leaving the country. This withdrawal was a shocker and is a setback for international retail
development in Russia.
Carrefour's group sales resulted in a 2.9% drop for the 3rd quarter of 2009. The strongest sales
decline comes from the companies operations in Europe. The only regions that resulted in positive
growth were Asia, with sales growth by 5.1% and Latin America with a 5.3% growth.
Carrefour says that the lack of organic growth prospects and acquisition opportunities in the short
and medium term is behind its decision to withdrawal from Russia. Whit out these opportunities it is
hard to achieve its goal to attain market ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike European markets the Russian market lacks hard–discount chains, most Russian
supermarkets are price–oriented that seek to tap customers' growing demand for value.
Other international retailers have been successful in Russia, like Auchan, a France company that
have been in the Russian market since 2002. One of the main reasons for Auchan's success is that
they started their expansion there by using local management talent. They have also taken the time
to get to know the market and adapt to the local consumers. They have made one small acquisition
in Russia, but their growth there has been achieved mainly through organic expansion.
For most large multinationals the acquisition of existing operators might be the least risky form of
entry in emerging markets. This gives them a better opportunity to gain an immediate position in
these markets. Organic growth can take years, and it's also hard to get suppliers on board, especially
in places with high levels of corruption like Russia.
India and China
Multinational operators are also examining other emerging markets like India and China. In India
the consumer spending on food is ramping up

Bmw in Bric Countries
BMW
Using a BRIC localization strategy to maintain global leadership in luxury automobile
manufacturing
Achille MOLLON, Aleksander OLECHNOWICZ, Ania, TWOREK, Celine PAN, Jade CHAN,
Sophie SCHAEFGEN, Viktor MIKUS
Content
Introducing BRIC Company Snapshot R&D Sourcing Manufacturing Sales
BMW Winning the BRIC Auto Market
BRIC market performance
— By 2014 BRIC will account for 30% of the world sales
— As a whole is growing by 3%–15% per year between 2009 and 2014
— BRIC markets have strongly outperformed three markets Europe, US, Japan
Winning the BRIC Auto Market
How can BMW localize in BRIC countries to maintain its number one position among the luxury
car makers ?
BMW and the Competitive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Engineering Nucleus. This kind of center adapts worldwide products to local requirements; an
example would be designing exterior body adaptations to a global model to make it more appealing
for the Chinese market. Engineering nuclei have local autonomy in exploring customer needs and
managing day–to–day projects. The company's R&D headquarters ensures that these units have
appropriate capabilities and arranges international exchanges of best practices and R&D sta .
Mercedes EUR 3,130m in 2010 on R&D. Volkswagen Group spent 6.1% of its revenue on R&D in
Local R&D Hub. A local R&D hub develops products for 2010, ahead of the local market; for
example, developing flex–fuel applications for Brazilian customers. Local R&D hubs have
Mercedes's 5.9% BMW's autonomy in defining business cases and product spec4.6%. ifications; the
company's R&D headquarters acts as a consultant and facilitates exchanges of best practices. Center
of Competence. This kind of center has global leadership responsibility for developing products or

technologies for worldwide use. An example might be developing a small, low–cost SUV for
markets around the globe. The company's R&D headquarters ensures each center's integration into
the company's global network. It is generally not advisable for a given R&D center to try to play
more than one of these roles at the same time. Often, a localized R&D center in an RDE

The World After 9/11
In the article by Galtung, it looks at the world after 9/11. The author discusses three discourses
which are terrorism, state terrorism, and retaliation. The first one which is terrorist discourse is more
inspired by fundamentalist Islam, the shahadah and the sword. The second is more of a
fundamentalist U.S. version. The third looks at more why 9/11 happen as parts of a retaliation cycle
and to use that revenge for other purposes. There is a global clash of fundamentalism and in a way it
is about violence. In the article by Bryant, it looks at how the author believes that the revisionist
position is both empirically suspect and analytically incoherent and he is basically saying that it is
wrong. Revisionists believe that the world was equal until the industrial movement. This is not right
and if a person looks back at history they can see how differently different parts of the world was
treated from other parts that were more developed. The article also looks at political arrangement
and how Europe in a way went away from the rest of the world. In the article by Pillai and Gupta, it
looks at human capital and life expectancy. It looks at the perspective on the shaping of the current
geo–political structures and the article makes a response about a social development perspective to
account for the current positions various nations occupy in the geo–political order of power. The
article looks at how others are rising and the article also looks at the individual

Chrysler : An American Automobile Manufacturer
Introduction
Chrysler is an American automobile manufacturer. Its headquarters are situated in Michigan and it is
part of the "Big Three" American automobile manufacturers. The Chrysler Corporation was founded
in 1928 and expanded into Europe in the 1960's. In 2009 Chrysler was on the brink of liquidation
and Fiat purchased the remaining 41% of Chrysler's shares to save them from this. Over the next
few years, Fiat gradually acquired the other parties' shares to take majority ownership of the
company. Chrysler's "Global Diversity strategy includes components that will help create and
sustain a diverse and inclusive work environment and build the type of strong connections that will
help them succeed in the multicultural marketplace" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this report I aim to analyze and compare the motives and strategic operations of US and European
car manufacturers that have recently set up production plants in Emerging Markets and Asia Pacific
regions.
Emerging markets
A nation's economy that is progressing toward becoming advanced is an emerging market. Emerging
markets have much lower market efficiency and less strict standards in almost all aspects of
business. This is so that they can be on par with developed economies like the US, Europe and
Japan. The majority of the world population lives in emerging markets which means the world
population is moving from the basic need era to a more consumption oriented era. This has attracted
new consumers of products and services to these emerging markets which has made them huge
consumption hubs. A lot of firms are now looking to capitalize on these opportunities and move
business operations to these markets (Ayub Khan).
Emerging markets often experience faster economic growth as measured by GDP and investors seek
emerging markets for the prospect of high returns. However, these markets come with greater risk
due to political instability, currency volatility and many other problems. The four largest emerging
economies are the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China). The next five largest markets
are South Korea, Mexico, Indonesia, Turkey and

Next 11 Research Paper
The purpose of this research paper is to take an in–depth investigation of a topic related to
international economics. After taking an in depth investigation of What and Who is the Next 11 we
will be able to describe in full an overview of the next 11, differences between next 11 and BRIC,
current consumer trends, N11 business environments, potential drawbacks, and future scenarios. We
will have a full understanding of what defines the Next 11, what composes them and why they are
who they are.
First of all who and what are the Next 11. The Next Eleven, known also as N–11, is a term coined
by Goldman Sachs in late–2005 to represent the eleven countries it thought could potentially have a
BRIC–like impact in rivaling in the G7 nations. The N11 countries are Bangladesh, Egypt,
Indonesia, Iran, South Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey and Vietnam.
Although varied both geographically and economically, these 11 nations have highlights in like
manner that are accepted to single out their high financial potential.
All have extensive and developing populations. Between 1980 and 2008, population development
was most noteworthy in Pakistan at 110.8%, with the least being in South Korea, with 28.4% period
development;
Of the N11 countries, Indonesia had the largest population as of January 2008, with 228.9 million
people, while South Korea had the smallest at 47.6 million;
Every one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The N11 nations are additionally distinctive in their business surroundings, influencing their relative
appeal as a venture destination. A countries business environment is roughly explained as the mix of
inner and outside elements that impact an organization's or nations working circumstance. The
business environment can incorporate components, for example, customers and suppliers; its
opposition and proprietors; enhancements in innovation; laws and government exercises; and
market, social and financial

More or less a third of the entire world’s stock market...
More or less a third of the entire world's stock market capitalization is represented by the five
BRICS countries. The expected average growth rate for these emerging markets is expected to be
four percent higher than all developed countries. Average growth rate for emerging markets is
expected to be at five percent according to IMF predictions. Although for some of the BRICS
countries overall growth may be lower than in previous years, yet these economies will still be
probable to grow at a faster rate than developed countries. Long–term growth for these emerging
markets looks very promising given these good growth projections, generally better debt–to–GDP
ratios and higher foreign reserves compared to many developed countries. Rising ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
South Africa's BRICS partnership will benefit Africa. Industrialisation will speed up Africa's
economic development. Since membership with BRICS, there has been a significant increase in
trade and economic relations between South Africa and BRICS countries. Trade between South
Africa and other BRICS countries has increased by an astonishing 15.4 percent. South Africa's
membership of BRICS has provided tangible economic surpluses. The negative trade balance with
BRICS countries has substantially decreased to –R23 million. Two agreements have been concluded
that will promote intra–BRICS currency convertibility that will improve mutual trade and
investment. These two agreements are the Master Agreement on Extending Credit Facility in Local
Currency and a Multilateral Letter of Credit Confirmation Facility Agreement. Membership of
BRICS has allowed south africa to reinforce their coooperation on peace adn security issues. South
africa has also provided BRICS with the ability expand its geographic inclusiveness and
representivity. Trade between BRICS countries and Africa is estimated to increase by an astounding
$380 billion US dollars from 2010 to 2015. BRIC nations occupy 26 percent of the worlds land. The
four emerging markets alone make up 12.8 percent of the global trade volume. a leading global
investment banking, securities and investment management firm, Goldman

Case Analysis Of Coloplast
The Colopast Company was founded in 1954, when Nurse Elise Sorensen's sister had an ostomy
operation. That's why the idea come up in mind to create ostomy bag and with this bag they could
change people's live who had this operation and give them a little light to live full live again. Elise
started to collaborate with Danish manufacturers and after three years, in 1957, Coloplast was born.
Coloplast is a Danish company, they have headquarter in Humlebæk and they are representing itself
on the most important markets. The company has 8000 employees all around the world, in more
than 50 countries with a production in Denmark, USA, China, Hungary and France. Their main
products are ostomy bags, catheters and wound dressings. They have three specialized categories
such as Ostomy care, Urology & Continence and Wound & Skin. They are available at hospitals,
retail shops and wholesalers, and also they deliver their products to their costumers as well it is
called homecare. As the BRIC countries has a high growth in every market Coloplast wants to enter
to one of these countries, China and India. They would like to take the wound and skincare products
to these markets. In my assignment I will explain deeply their situation.
Current strategic situation of Coloplast
Swot Analyses
1) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company aim is to ensure the consumers life that they can live a normal and full life even if
they have medical–issues. This two facts lead to a big success in the Intimate Healthcare. They
always care about their consumers deeply. Thus they always find the way to be contact with their
loyal consumer, answer their questions and fulfill the requirements regarding to their products that
are waiting for development. When they developing their products Coloplast always make sure that
they have the newest and best products in the

The Bric : A Powerful Force
Economic Integration
The BRIC a powerful force in the global environment but do they have the power to shift the center
of gravity away from the traditional G6 and over to the BRIC? First it is imperative that we
understand who and what the BRIC is and how they interact in the economy. Moreover, it is vital to
discern how quickly the economy can be altered and the implications that that change has on the rest
of the world. An economic growth can stimulate the entirety of a country or it can singularly affect a
percentage of the population, depending on how government manages it. The government
involvement can influence many things such as resources, demography and the population as well as
conflicts with other countries.
The BRIC is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The government spent trillions in bail outs for the banks and homeowners. Recession aside the U.S.
would have had to find other countries to export goods to to continue to grow at the rate that is was
or find a new market that was untapped. If you couple this inability to grow without a nation that has
the bankroll to buy with a recession it is no surprise that other countries start to look like huge
players in the market. Their growth was exponential compared to the United States.
In 2013, emerging markets accounted for more than half of the world GFP based on purchasing
power, per the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In 1990 they accounted for less than a third of a
much smaller total. From 2003 to 2011 the share of world output provided by the emerging
economies grew at more than a percentage point a year. The remarkably rapid growth the world has
seen in these two decades marks the biggest economic transformation in modern history. It's like
will probably never be seen again." (economist) "The most impressive growth was in four of the
biggest emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India and China, which Jim O'Neill of Goldman Sachs,
an investment bank, acronymed into the BRICs in 2001. These economies have grown in different
ways and for different reasons. But their size marked them out as special–on purchasing–power
terms they were the only $1 trillion economies outside the OECD, a rich world club–and so did their
growth

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