Let L be the set of all straight lines in the plane. Define a relatio.pdf

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Let L be the set of all straight lines in the plane. Define a relation P on L as follows For all l_i, l_2 epsilon L, l_1 Pl_2 iff l_1 is parallel to l_2. Prove that P is an equivalence relation on L and describe the equivalence classes of P. Solution 1. For any line, l lPl ie l is parallel to itself Hence, P is reflexive 2. For any two lines: l,r lPr means rPl ie l parallel to r means r parallel to l Hence, P is symmetric 3. Let, l1 P l2, l2 P l3 Hence, l1 is parallel to l2 and l2 is parallel to l3 Hence, l1 is parallel to l3 Hence,l1 P l3 Hence, R is transitive. Consider the line: y=mx . All lines of slope m will be parallel to this So equivalence classes are :y=mx . For each different real number, m we have a different equivalence class..

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Change the creature in this java program to a different one .pdf

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Canon Corporation had the following static budget at the beginning of the company\'s accounting period: If actual production totals 9,900 units, the flexible budget would show total costs of: A. $4,950. B. $9,700. C. $4,850. D. None of these is correct.Revenue (9,500 units)$19,000Variable costs4,750Contribution margin$14,250Fixed costs4,750Net income$9,500 Solution Aanswer is B. $ 9700 Explanation: Total Cost for 9900 units under Flexible Budget: variable cost (4750/9500 *9900) 4950 Fixed cost 4750 Total cost for 9900 units 9700.

Canon Corporation had the following static budget at the beginning o.pdf

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Can someone please prove this equation is an identity. Cos^2 X - sin^2 X = 2cos^2 x - 1 Can someone give me some tips for proving indentity, aside knowing the basic identities,pytho indetites For example when to factor, . And when to multitiply an identity 1-cost/1-cost to prove an identity. And also when will I know if I have to simplify the other side to prove an identity Thank you Can someone please prove this equation is an identity. Cos^2 X - sin^2 X = 2cos^2 x - 1 Can someone give me some tips for proving indentity, aside knowing the basic identities,pytho indetites For example when to factor, . And when to multitiply an identity 1-cost/1-cost to prove an identity. And also when will I know if I have to simplify the other side to prove an identity Thank you Cos^2 X - sin^2 X = 2cos^2 x - 1 Can someone give me some tips for proving indentity, aside knowing the basic identities,pytho indetites For example when to factor, . And when to multitiply an identity 1-cost/1-cost to prove an identity. And also when will I know if I have to simplify the other side to prove an identity Thank you Solution cos2x - sin2x= 2 cos2x-1 RHS: 2 cos2x-1 [ from sin2x + cos2x=1] =2 cos2x- ( sin2x + cos2x) = 2 cos2x- sin2x - cos2x = cos2x - sin2x = LHS hence proved.

Can someone please prove this equation is an identity. Cos^2.pdf

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Write a program that finds the max binary tree height. (This is an extremely short piece of code!) Solution #include #include #include typedef struct node { int info; struct node *left; struct node *right; }node; node *newNode(int data) { node *ptr=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); ptr->info=data; ptr->left=NULL; ptr->right=NULL; return ptr; } int height(node *root) { if(root==NULL) return 0; int l=height(root->left); int m=height(root->right); if(l>m) return l+1; else return m+1; } int main() { struct node *root1 = newNode(1); root1->left = newNode(2); root1->right = newNode(3); root1->left->left = newNode(4); root1->left->right = newNode(5); int m=height(root1); printf(\"Height of the tree is :- %d\",m); getch(); return 0; }.

Write a program that finds the max binary tree height. (This is an ex.pdf

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What happens when the JVM encounters a wait () call? Solution =>when jvm encounters wait method then it causes the current thread to wait until any other threads calls notify method =>so the present/current thread must own this monitoring of objects.so the thread will leave the ownership(it means jvm will take the current threads owner ship and give to otherthread ) and when the another process is completed (or) wait until another thread wakehim up using notify method,then the jvm will give ownership to the current thread.

What happens when the JVM encounters a wait () callSolution=.pdf

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Write a program in c++ that maintains a telephone directory. The Telephone directory keeps records of people’s names and the corresponding phone numbers. The program should read a transaction file and report the result into an output file. The transaction file can include commands such as “Add”, “Delete”, “Display”, and “Update”, and “Search”. Each command is written in one line with a few other information. The “Display” Command should simply display everyone in the directory on the screen The “Add” command comes with 3 other information that includes “First Name”, “Last Name”, and “Phone Number”. You should only add this command if the phone number is unique and it is not assigned to any other person. Otherwise an error statement should be generated to indicate that “Duplicate phone number is not allowed”. If the addition of the record is successful, you need to report that in the output file as follows: “First Name”, “Last Name”, “Phone Number” has been successfully added to the directory If the addition fails, you should report that “**** ERROR IN ADD **** “Phone Number” already exist in the directory The “Delete” command comes with the “Phone Number” indicating that this record should be deleted from the directory. You should only delete the record if you can find the phone number. If you could remove the record from the directory, you should report: “First Name”, “Last Name”, “Phone Number” has been successfully deleted from the directory If the delete fails, you should report that “**** ERROR IN DELETE **** “Phone Number” does exist in the directory The “Update” command come with two values, “Phone Number” and “New Phone Number”. You program should first search for “Phone Number” and find out if such a phone number exist in the directory. If it does not find it, it should report: “**** ERROR IN UPDATE **** The Phone Number does not exist in the directory However, if it finds the phone number, there are two cases. If the “New Phone Number” already exists in the directory, it should report “**** ERROR IN UPDATE **** The New Phone Number “New Phone Number” already exist in the directory. If the “New Phone Number” does not exist in the directory, your program should replace the “Old Phone Number” with the “New Phone Number” and report The Phone Number “Old Phone Number” is successfully updated to “New Phone Number” There are two types of “Search” commands. One is done based on the last name and another is done based on the phone number. If it is done based on the last name, the search command can be as follows: Search BasedOnLastName “LastName” In this case the search is done based on the last name. Your program should search for all records with that last name and report them on the screen. If the search fails your report should have the following format “**** ERROR IN SEARCH **** No Record with the last name “Last Name” could be found” If the search is done based on the phone number, the command should be Search BasedOnPhoneNumber “Phone.

Write a program in c++ that maintains a telephone directory. The Tel.pdf

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Using the C++ programming language 1. Implement the UnsortedList class to store a list of numbers that are input into the list from data.txt. - create a main.cpp file that gets the numbers from the file - insert the number 7 into the list - insert another number 300 into the list - delete the number 6 from the list - print out the following: --the entire list - the greatest - the least 2. Attach the main.cpp, UnsortedList.cpp, the ItemType.h, and the output file two called outfile2.txt Use the files below: // listDriver.cpp // Test driver #include #include #include #include #include #include \"unsorted.h\" using namespace std; void PrintList(ofstream& outFile, UnsortedType& list); int main() { ifstream inFile; // file containing operations ofstream outFile; // file containing output string inFileName; // input file external name string outFileName; // output file external name string outputLabel; string command; // operation to be executed int number; ItemType item; UnsortedType list; bool found; int numCommands; // Prompt for file names, read file names, and prepare files cout << \"Enter name of input command file; press return.\" << endl; cin >> inFileName; inFile.open(inFileName.c_str()); cout << \"Enter name of output file; press return.\" << endl; cin >> outFileName; outFile.open(outFileName.c_str()); cout << \"Enter name of test run; press return.\" << endl; cin >> outputLabel; outFile << outputLabel << endl; if (!inFile) { cout << \"file not found\" << endl; exit(2) } inFile >> command; numCommands = 0; while (command != \"Quit\") { if (command == \"PutItem\") { inFile >> number; item.Initialize(number); list.PutItem(item); item.Print(outFile); outFile << \" is in list\" << endl; } else if (command == \"DeleteItem\") { inFile >> number; item.Initialize(number); list.DeleteItem(item); item.Print(outFile); outFile << \" is deleted\" << endl; } else if (command == \"GetItem\") { inFile >> number; item.Initialize(number); item = list.GetItem(item, found); item.Print(outFile); if (found) outFile << \" found in list.\" << endl; else outFile << \" not in list.\" << endl; } else if (command == \"GetLength\") outFile << \"Length is \" << list.GetLength() << endl; else if (command == \"IsFull\") if (list.IsFull()) outFile << \"List is full.\" << endl; else outFile << \"List is not full.\" << endl; else if (command == \"MakeEmpty\") list.MakeEmpty(); else if (command == \"PrintList\") PrintList(outFile, list); else cout << command << \" is not a valid command.\" << endl; numCommands++; cout << \" Command number \" << numCommands << \" completed.\" << endl; inFile >> command; }; cout << \"Testing completed.\" << endl; inFile.close(); outFile.close(); return 0; } void PrintList(ofstream& dataFile, UnsortedType& list) // Pre: list has been initialized. // dataFile is open for writing. // Post: Each component in list has been written to dataFile. // dataFile is still open. { int length; ItemType item; list.ResetList(); length = list.GetLength(); for .

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Why are supplies and inventory not considered plant assetsSolut.pdf

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What is the major purpose of the Federal Reserve System? What is the responsibility of the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee? Should the Fed be independent as it is now or should it be a federal gency subject ot the direction by Congress or the President? Why or why not? Solution The most critical and visible function of Federal Reserve is to carry out monetary policy. It is solely done to deal with inflation as well as preserve stable prices. To obtain the above mentioned things the Fed sets a 2.0 percent inflation target for the core inflation rate. Maximum employment is also pursued by it. The main aim is the natural rate of unemployment of 4.7-5.8 percent. The Fed also moderates long-term interest rates by the way of open market operations along with the fed funds rate. The objective of monetary policy is healthy economic growth. Next, the Fed supervises and regulates several of the nation’s banks to guard consumers. It also maintains the permanence of the financial markets while constrains potential crises. It provides banking services to other banks, the U.S. government along with foreign banks. It is America\'s central bank which makes it the most authoritative solitary actor in the U.S. economy along with the world. The Federal Reserve System has three components, the Board of Governors directs monetary policy while its seven members are in charge for setting the discount rate as well as the reserve requirement for member banks. Staff economists make available all analyses. The Federal Open Market Committee oversees open market operations which includes setting the target for the fed funds rate, thus guides interest rates. The board members along with four of the twelve bank presidents are members meet eight times a year. The Federal Reserve Banks administer commercial banks in addition execute policy. They supervise commercial banks along with the board . It Manages Inflation by administration of credit which is the largest constituent of the money supply. The Federal Reserve sets for the nation\'s banks the reserve requirement. It oversees approximately 5,000 bank holding companies, 850 state bank members of the Federal Reserve Banking System plus any foreign banks operating in the United States. The Federal Reserve worked intimately with the Treasury Department to thwart global financial collapse throughout the financial crisis of 2008. The Fed buys U.S. Treasurys from the federal government, which we call monetizing the debt. That\'s for the reason that the Fed creates the money it uses to buy the Treasurys, while adding that much money to the money supply. The FOMC holds eight frequently planned meetings per year. Economic and financial conditions are revived. The appropriate position of monetary policy is also determined by it, along with the assessment of the risks to its long-run goals of price stability and sustainable economic growth. The Federal Open Market Committee is comprised of twelve members--th.

What is the major purpose of the Federal Reserve System What is the.pdf

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What is the role of culture in leader development? What culture factors must be taken into account when implementing a program? Solution Answer:- The role of culture in leader development:- The major role played by culture in leader development is that culture sets the direction and therefore the overall success in any organization. Culture outlays the beliefs,assumptions as well as the procedures that lead to leader development.The culture must also align with the team goals and ambitions. Culture factors must be taken into account when implementing a program are:- Diversity effects:-In a case where the program is being implement by a team that are of different ethnicity and racial backgrounds,it is important to evaluate the diversity effects. The social:-Economic setting of the environment in which the program is being implemented. The top leadership principles and their alignment with the culture. The nature of the business implementing the program..

What is the role of culture in leader development What culture fact.pdf

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What methods can IT use to make sure its initiatives have the support of business leadership? Solution IT initiatives often require a lot of investments in terms of money, time and effort. Such huge demand for resources puts constraints on the organisation and a strong leadership support is necessary for a successful project. But not every time can we expect leaders offer the support an IT initiative requires. The following actions are helpful in such cases 1. Understand and listen to leaders 2. Create a vision Identify where the organization would be if IT initiatives are in place and share them. Show the management, the outcome of the initiatives. 3. Speak the language of management 4. Create a sense of urgency May a time organizational leaders get trapped in a state of complacency. It is necessary to show them the need for immediate action and progress. Show them the external and internal factors affecting the organization and how other organizations are responding to these changing dynamics and trends. Show them how other organizations and industries are faring well and create a sense of urgency. Show them the costs of not taking such initiatives- the cost in terms of time, money and customer satisfaction 5. Involve them in the process 6. Update them regularly with key performance indicators (sales, profit margin, customer satisfaction score etc).

What methods can IT use to make sure its initiatives have the suppor.pdf

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What is IT infrastructure, and what are the stages and drivers of IT infrastructure evolution? Define IT infrastructure from both a technology and a services perspective. I need an answer to these questions that is different from the one on site from an expert. Solution IT infrastructure: Consists of set of physical devices with softwares required for the operation of the entire enterprise. IT infrastructure provides a foundation for the following 1)Serving customers 2) Working with vendors 3)Managing business processes IT infrastructure components Usual services provided by IT Infrastrucure : Security services, Data center migration, Remote infrastructure management, Cloud services, Virtualization services ,Network services etc. Stages and drivers of IT infrastructure evolution 1)Generalpurpose mainframe & minicomputer era:1959 to present In 1958 IBM first mainframes were introduced In 1965 DEC minicomputers were introduced 2)Personal computer era: 1981 to present In 1981 IBM PC were introduced Heavy usage of standalone desktop computers with office productivity softwares. 3)Client/server era :1983 to present Consists of desktop or laptop clients networked to more powerful servers like network or application or Web. The network between clients and servers may be two tiered or N-tiered Two tiered network: Here direct communication takes place between client and server and no intermediate between client and server.The advantage is understanding and easy maintenance. N-tiered network : The whole work of the entire network is distributed over several different levels of servers to reduce the overall cost. 4)Enterprise Internet era: 1992-present The TCP/IP suite enables firms to link devices and local area networks to form a single enterprise-wide network. 5)Cloud Computing: 2000 to present This is a fast growing computing and here firms and individuals obtain computing softwares over the Internet or through other networks. IT Infrastructure in terms of technology perspective : In technology perspective IT infrastructure is defined as the shared technology resources for the organisation’s specific information system applications. This includes a set of physical devices and softwares that are required for operation of the entire enterprise. Service perspective of an IT Infrastructure:In Service perspective IT infrastructure is defined as platform that provides the platform for serving customers, working with vendors, and managing internal firm business processes.In service perspective IT infrastructure focuses on the services provided by hardware and software..

What is IT infrastructure, and what are the stages and drivers of IT.pdf

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What is the difference between a dinoflagellate and a Stramenopile? What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? What are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? What is the difference between a dinoflagellate and a Stramenopile? What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? What are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? What is the difference between a dinoflagellate and a Stramenopile? What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? What are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? Solution 1. Difference between Dinoflagellate and heterokont Dinoflagellate : 2. Most are marine plankton, but they are common in freshwater habitats, as well. 3. Dinoflagellates are considered to be protists, with their own division, Dinoflagellata 4. Dinoflagellates are unicellular and possess two dissimilar flagella arising from the ventral cell side. Heterokont 2. What is a shared character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera? The character of the radiolarians and Foraminfera is “amoeboids with complex shells” 3. How long is the haploid phase of Rhizopus compared to the length of the diploid phase? Haploid life history of Rhizopus (Asexual Reproduction) Once the zygote undergoes meiosis, germination occurs forming mycelia and sporangia with opposite mating strains, (+) and (-). The sproangia produces mitospores which through mitosis developes into gametangia, or sex organs. When the gametangia fuse, syngamy occurs and produces a zygote (2n). The zygote then goes through meiosis to form new 1n spores and the life cycle repeats. Diploid life history of Rhizopus (Sexual Reproduction) The zygospores are the only diploid phase. The zygospore forms from two special haploid hyphae of opposite mating types that touch due to hormones and being in close proximity of each other. The two cytoplasms intermingle, also known as plasmogamy. As this occurs the nuclei of both parents enter the conjunction, causing the resting spore to develop. Karyogamy is the term used to describe the fusion of the two nuclei. After the zygospore has fully formed, meiosis occurs and haploid spores are formed and dispersed. The zygospore can become dormant for severalmonths at a time. Meiosis still occurs and a sporangium similar to the asexually produced sporangium is created when the zygospore finally cracks open. 4. W`hat are the three main sexually reproducing fungal divisions listed in the manual? Sexual reproduction in the fungi consists of three sequential stages Plasmogamy Karyogamy Meiosis.

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True or False O2 can be carried in the blood only when attached to .pdf

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The RIF at Keller Technology Inc. Introduction Jan Ricter is the new Vice President of Human Resources for Keller Technology Inc. (KTI). Jan has been with the company since its inception and has continually performed well and was promoted to her current position a few months ago. Last week, Jan was part of an offsite executive committee meeting in which overall cost reductions again surfaced as a major issue. The decision to significantly reduce human capital costs (by 25%) was ultimately made. Jan knows that it is important to balance business efficiency considerations with compassion for employees who may lose their jobs after many years with KTI. Additionally, Jan is concerned about the long-term success of the organization, the culture, and the morale and performance of the employees who remain in the event of a reduction in force (RIF). She knows that the road ahead will be rough and that it will be her responsibility to ensure that the organization navigates that road with care in order to maintain profitability. Jan is also struggling with the feeling that KTI does not need a RIF, or at least not a major one, to turn the company around and become profitable again. Had she only paid more attention in her Organizational Behavior and Organizational Development classes while attending ETSU’s College of Business and Technology, she might know exactly how to move forward. Fortunately, she still remembers enough to know that a RIF is usually the path of least resistance, but rarely the best one to take. Keller Technology Inc. History KTI, headquartered in San Jose, CA, was established in 1992 during the dot-com boom. It competes in the computer storage industry, specifically offering a tape drive portfolio of products which provides backup and recovery capabilities to organizations. About 18-months ago, KTI introduced a network attached product: a server dedicated to file sharing. KTI went public in 1998. It is publicly traded on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol KTI. Over the past 10 years, the stock price has increased in value from $10.25 to a peak of $65.33 in 2014. Since then, the stock price has steadily declined and is currently trading around $33.00 per share. When it went public, KTI had a workforce of 100 employees. Today, KTI has a workforce of approximately 1,500 regular employees and 150 part-time workers (not including the four member executive team and their support staff). The company’s culture has historically been very employee- friendly. For example, even though private pension plans have all but become extinct, KTI provides a pension plan. This defined benefit retirement plan was established to provide a strong base for building retirement security for all KTI employees, including part-time workers. Benefits under this plan is funded 100 percent by KTI with no contribution made by the employee(although they can contribute to a 401k). KTI contributes 10% of an employees’ gross pay to the retirement plan yearly. Bob Cuellar.

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Assigned as H6.24- Level 2 lby pure compound has a specific rotation of-32 degrees, what would the optical activity of its diastereomers be 0 A -32 degrees +32 degrees CZero degrees Hint Solution Diastereromers have different physical properties like boiling point, melting poing, solubility and its specific rotation would become completely different, so we dont know the value, it would have to be measured (option D). +32 deg would be the optical rotation of its enantimeric pair..

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A synthetic mRNA containing the monomer uridine monophosphate as the only monomer unit would result in a protein with: a. all kinds of amino acids, arranged at random b. only two kinds of amino acids, arranged alternately c. only two kinds of amino acids, arranged randomly d. only one kind of amino acid Solution A synthetic MRNA containing the monomer uridine monophosphate as the only monomer unit would result in a protein with OPTION C , i.e. only two kinds of amino acids, arranged randomly..

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A Secure https://ereader.chegg.com/#/books/9781305465114/cfi/ 5. EXPENSE ACCOUNT FRAUD While auditing the financial statements of Petty Corporation, the certified public accounting firm of True Blue and Smith discovered that its client\'s legal expense account was abnormally high. Further investigation of the records indicated the following: Since the beginning of the year, several disbursements totaling $15,000 had been made to the law firm of Swindle, Fox, and Kreip. Swindle, Fox, and Kreip were not Petty Corporation\'s attorneys. A review of the canceled checks showed that they had been written and approved by Mary Boghas, the cash disbursements clerk. Boghas\'s other duties included performing the end-of-month bank reconciliation. Subsequent investigation revealed that Swindle, Fox, and Kreip are representing Mary Boghas in an unrelated embezzlement case in which she is the defendant. The checks had been written in pay- ment of her personal legal fees. Required a. What control procedures could Petty Corporation have employed to prevent this unauthorized use of cash? Classify each control procedure in accor- dance with the COSO framework (authorization, segregation of functions, supervision, and so on). b. Comment on the ethical issues in this case. po C = 0 6. SEGREGATION OF FUNCTIONS 39 R. Solution Ans 1: The COSO framework defines the internal control as a process designed to provide assurance of achievement of objectives in maintaining efficiency and effectiveness of operations, reliability of financial reporting and compliance with the regulations and laws. For ensuring that the objectives listed above are addressed to and complied with, the Petty corporation should have incorporated following measures in its practices to prevent the occurance of such cases. 1. Control of internal environment through defining reporting structure, maintain ethics and integrity of people and processes, auditing of process and maintaining checks and balances, assignment of responsibilities and defining HR policies and procedures and promotion of shared values and cultures should have been strong. 2. The risk pertaining to the processes should have been assessed and a stragety of risk avoidance and mitigation should have been in place. 3. Monitoring systems and procedures should have been more efficient in detecting, evaluating and reporting of anomalies in time to prevent potential damages. 4. Information systems should have been more efficient for prompt damage prevention and control. Ans 2: The cash disbursement clerk clearly misused her position to embezzle the funds to pay for her personal expenses, by writing the checks she was not authorised for. She is guilty for swindling into the company\'s money, in addition to acting in a functional role, she was not authorised for. In addition to the clerk, everyone who authorised her for writing checks, the person who was responsible for maintaining checks and balances, the audit committee, the top manager.

A Secure httpsereader.chegg.com#books9781305465114cfi 5. EXPE.pdf

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5. How do splicing and the RNAi mechanism regulate which mRNA molecules are translated? Which small RNA molecules are required for each process? Solution The splicing and the RNAi mechanism (microRNA & small interfering RNA (siRNA)) regulate which mRNA molecules are translated as siRNA or snRNA is also known as U-RNA as it contains many uridine contents in its complex structure. This is composed of 150 nucleotides nearly to produce spliceosomes and to act along with snRNP. This snRNA has a predominant role in splicing. The RNA-induced initiation of transcription silencing complex (RITC): Inside the nucleus, genomic DNA is going to identify initially by this complex using single stranded RNA or microRNAs associated with recruiting chromatin remodeling protein for the silencing initiation and transcription repression. MicroRNA\'s (miRNA) are the small non-coding products of gene of 21 to 27 nucleotides length. These miRNAs cause gene silencing by the inactivation of mRNA and thus, regulates gene expression (post-transcriptional gene regulation by binding to 3\'- UTR region of target mRNA). Micro RNA\'s are known to attack genes by inhibiting the translation from taking place. One miRNA can silence many mRNAs because the 3\'-UTRs (untranslated regions) of mRNAs have some common seed sequences to which these miRNAs can bind and trigger gene silencing. MiRNA and SiRNAs are regulatory RNA which can silence the mRNA either by cleavage or by base pairing to the mRNA thus “regulates transcription” & translation. Sometimes these RNAs can regulate post-transcritional activity of mRNA Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro RNA have both can silence gene expression of other foreign genes Small interfering RNA and micro RNA are double standard RNAs Dicer: it is also referred as endoribonuclease Dicer. It has activity of cleaving double-stranded RNA and pre –microRNA into specific fragments of RNA 20 to 15 kb (double stranded). This enzyme is also known as helicase with RNase. This enzyme called dicer and large RNA molecules produces small interfering RNA and micro RNA. Gene expression & dicer: The process of generation of messenger RNA from genome of DNA in the presence of RNA polymerase and transcription factors is known as “gene expression”. Dicer influences gene expression by binding to “nascent mRNA” to cut into small fragments result in negative feedback of gene expression Diffrenece: siRNAs usually originates from mRNAs exerts perfect action on targets; RITS binds with siRNA and causes RNA transcriptional silencing whereas RISC cleaves mRNA. SWR1 –switch remodeling causes chromatin remodeling allows RNAase to enable transcription with a variant H2AZ. Imitation switch complex (ISWI) enable transcriptional silencing is by displacing nucleosome positions from open to close. For example, In fission yeast, defective RNA interference (RNAi) is leading to loss of H3K9 methylation at cetromere result in loss of centromere function. Through a series of trans.

5. How do splicing and the RNAi mechanism regulate which mRNA molecu.pdf

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The leader algorithm (Horrigan [394]) represents each cluster using a point, known as a leader, and assigns each point to the cluster corresponding to the closest leader, unless this distance is above a user-specified threshold. In that case, the point becomes the leader of a new cluster. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the leader algorithm as compared to K-means? Suggest ways in which the leader algorithm might be improved. Solution (a)K-Means Clustering Advantages and Disadvantages K-Means Advantages: 1) If variables are enormous, then K-Means the majority of the times computationally faster than hierarchical clustering, if we stay k smalls. 2) K-Means create tighter clusters than hierarchical clustering, particularly if the clusters are globular. K-Means Disadvantages: 1) Hard to predict K-Value. 2) With global cluster, it didn\'t work fine. 3) Dissimilar initial partitions can result in dissimilar final clusters. 4) It does not work fine with clusters of dissimilar size and dissimilar density. (b)Definition: The difficulty of leader election is for each processor finally to decide that whether it is a leader or not subject to merely one processor decides that it is the leader. An algorithm resolves the leader election difficulty if: States of processors are alienated into elected and not elected states. Once chosen, it remains as elected. In every implementation, precisely one processor becomes elected and the rest decide that they are not elected. A suitable leader election algorithm must convene the following conditions: Termination: the algorithm should finish eventually within a finite time one leader is selected. In randomized approaches this condition is sometimes weakened Uniqueness: there is exactly one processor that considers itself as leader. Agreement: all other processors know who the leader is. An algorithm for leader election may vary in following aspects: Communication mechanism: the processors are either synchronous in which processes are synchronized by a clock signal or asynchronous where processes run at arbitrary speeds. Process names: whether processes have a unique identity or are indistinguishable. Network topology: for instance, ring, acyclic graph or complete graph. Size of the network: the algorithm may or may not use knowledge of the number of processes in the system. Algorithms: Leader election in rings: Ring network topology A ring network is a connected-graph topology in which each node is exactly connected to two other nodes, i.e., for a graph with n nodes, there are exactly n edges connecting the nodes. A ring can be unidirectional, which means processors only communicate in one direction, or bidirectional, meaning processors may transmit and receive messages in both directions. Anonymous rings: A ring is said to be anonymous if every processor is identical. More formally, the system has the same state machine for every processor. There is no deterministic algorithm to elect a leader in anonym.

The leader algorithm (Horrigan [394]) represents each cluster using a.pdf

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