about human excretion organ and it also explain about the excretory unit called nephron and how it helps in urine formation and urine concentration . it also tells or explain about how hormone helps in the regulation of kidney function

1. Malavika Prabhakaran
BSc zoology

4.  Cortical Nephron
 Juxta medullary Nephron

5.  Ultra filtration
 Tubular reabsorption
 Tubular secretion

7.  NOTE: High Threshold- more reabsorbed
Low threshold – less reabsorbed
Non threshold - no reabsorbed
 PCT
 LOOP OF HENLE – DESCENDING LOOP
- ASCENDING LOOP
 DCT
 COLLECTING DUCT

9.  Obligatory reabsorption- 85% filtrate
 H2O- 75%
 Na , Cl , glucose , amino acid etc.


12.  Na+,Cl-, Ca2+,H2O are reabsorbed in DCT
 H2O is reabsorbed in collecting duct.

13.  H+, K+, certain drugs are secreted in DCT.

14.  Counter Current Mechanism-
Counter Current System – Counter Current
Multiplier System And Counter Current
Exchange System.

15. HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC
HYPERTONIC
H20

16.  PUMPING Na
 Equilibrium

17.  INITIALY

19. VASA RECTA

20. ASCENDING DESCENDING