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PhDLinux: A Linux Crash Course for PhD Students
1. PhDLinux: a Linux crash course for PhD Students
Davide Eynard David Laniado
eynard@elet.polimi.it david.laniado@elet.polimi.it
2. 2
Table of contents
Introduction
Which distro?
Linux basics
Our first installation
And now?
Conclusions
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
3. 3
Richard Stallman and the Free Software
1983: GNU project (GNU's Not Unix)
1985: Free Software Foundation
Free as in freedom
as in “free speech”,
not “free beer”
0. Freedom to run the program for
any purpose.
1. Freedom to study and modify the
program.
2. Freedom to copy the program so
you can help your neighbor.
3. Freedom to improve the program,
and release your improvements to
the public, so that the whole
community benefits.
1989: General Public License (GPL)
copyleft -> to protect sw freedom
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
4. 4
Linus Torvalds and the Linux kernel
1991: “Just for fun”, Linus Torvalds,
a finnish young student, decides
to develop the linux kernel
Hello everybody out there
using minix -
I'm doing a (free)
operating system (just a
hobby, won't be big and
professional like gnu)
for 386(486) AT clones.
Linus shares his code on the internet: hundreds
of users-developers begin to collaborate
1992: Linux under the GNU GPL licence
1994: release 1.0, 500.000 users
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
5. 5
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
• “experts” • “users-developers”
• hierarchy • decentralization
• isolation • collaboration
• sharing
• natural selection of ideas
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
7. 7
Some Linux basics
There are some concepts you should be aware of, even before your
very first installation:
filesystem and devices
the shell
apps and packages
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
8. 8
Filesystem and devices
Devices: everything's a file
• Hard disks: hda, hdb, sda1, ...
• Network cards: eth0, wlan1, ...
• Other devices: usbdev, stdin, null, ...
Filesystem structure
Linux as a multiuser system: permissions and sudo
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
9. 9
The Linux shell
the login
help!
• man
• try to write ”commandname help”
main file commands
• ls, cd, cp, mv, rm, mkdir, rmdir, touch
view/edit
• cat, more, less, vi, grep
processes
• top, ps, kill
archive
• tar, gzip, bzip
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
10. 10
Applications and packages
applications are packaged, and (almost) every distro has its own
package format
• ours is .deb
different tools are used to manage packages
• shell is power, learn apt-get, dselect or aptitude
apt-get
• apt-cache search name
• apt-get install name
• apt-get remove name
• apt-get update
• apt-get dist-upgrade
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
12. 12
... and now?
Once the system is installed, you can:
see what's inside it
configure your apps
install new software
Need help?
Ubuntu Guide
Ubuntu Forums
Windows replacements
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
16. 16
Synaptics: add repositories
choose “partner” repository
add: deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ hardy free non-free
see also: http://www.medibuntu.org/
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
17. 17
Software installation
Internet software
• Thunderbird, Opera, Azureus, Amule
• GFTP, XChat, Skype
Write papers
• LaTeX and Kyle
Scientific software
• Abaqus, Labview, Matlab, MSC Patran for Linux
• Scilab, GNUplot
Development
• Eclipse
... add your software here
• Still need windows apps? Try Wine!
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
18. 18
Matlab installation
or: here's how things work here ;-)
get ISO at http://cdserver.cia.polimi.it/iso/matlab/unix
the file is a multipart RAR archive: uncompress it with
unrar x Matlab_2007b_linux_mac_solaris_nov2007_3001.rar.part1.exe
once you have the ISO, you can burn it or mount it on your
current filesystem
mkdir tmp
sudo mount -o loop Matlab_2007b_linux_mac_solaris_nov2007_3001.iso tmp/
for the license file, remember to use the very last version!
(it has been sent to us by email recently)
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
19. 19
So, now?
Gaining a full knowledge of Linux in a couple of hours is pretty difficult.
We hope that now, at least:
you have an idea about what Linux is
you have some curiosity towards it
you are able to get started with an easy distro
you know there's other people here at DEI using it
... why don't we network and share info and help about Linux?
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI
20. 20
Conclusions
Questions? ;)
Davide Eynard – David Laniado
DEI